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[[Image:altarritual.jpg|link=Altars|350px|right|thumb|Unmooring the [[altars]], [[priests]] and the [[Levites]] from their ''purpose and function in a free society'' is first the product of [[vanity]] and coupled with the institution of [[legal charity]] will lead the [[masses]] to [[idolatry]]<Ref name="Isidolatry">{{Isidolatry}}</Ref> and a departure from the [[social virtues]] which create the [[social bonds]] required for liberty under God. A nation of priests and kings is where the people are not [[slothful]] in their responsibility to [[charity|give]] and [[forgive]] in the [[care]] of their neighbor through a [[social safety net]] of [[charity]] and the attention to the [[weightier matters]].<Br>
: As ministers of a nation who do not [[exercise authority]] one over the other may be considered [[naked]]. Therefore they may need the people to sew them "'''[[Breeches]]'''" and what are the [[cloths of service]] described in [[Exodus 28]] and [[Exodus 29]] based on the intent of [[Moses]] in the scriptures to set the [[captive]] free?]]


== Urim and Thummim ==
== Urim and Thummim ==


[[Image:altarritual.jpg|link=Altars|250px|right|thumb|Unmooring the [[altars]], [[priests]] and the [[Levites]] from their ''purpose and function in a free society'' is first the product of [[vanity]] and coupled with the institution of [[legal charity]] will lead the [[masses]] to [[idolatry]]<Ref name="Isidolatry">{{Isidolatry}}</Ref> and a departure from the [[social virtues]] which create the [[social bonds]] required for liberty under God. A nation of priests and kings is where the people are not [[slothful]] in their responsibility to [[charity|give]] and [[forgive]] in the [[care]] of their neighbor through a [[social safety net]] of [[charity]] and the attention to the [[weightier matters]].<Br>  
In the Hebrew Bible, the Urim (אוּרִים‎  "lights") and the Thummim (תֻּמִּים‎  "perfections") are said to be a part of the breastplates of the Highpriest and attached to the ephod which was said to be ''a type of apron'' worn by the Jewish high priest. They are also supposedly connected with divination by casting lots, yet many scholars suspect that the phrase refers to a set of two objects used by the high priest to answer a question or reveal the [[will of God]]. Joseph Smith claimed he translated the Book of Abraham from Egyptian Papyri which supposedly says the prophet [[Abraham]] used a Urim and Thummim given to him in the city of Ur to receive revelations from God.
: As ministers of a nation who do not [[exercise authority]] one over the other may be considered [[naked]]. Therefore they may need the people to sew them "'''[[Breeches]]'''" and what are the [[cloths of service]] described in [[Exodus 28]] and [[Exodus 29]] based on the intent of [[Moses]] in the scriptures to set the [[captive]] free?]]
 
The Urim<Ref name="Uwriym">{{0224}}</Ref> and Thummim may be <Ref name="Tummiym">{{08550}}</Ref> first appear in [[Exodus 28]]:30, where they are named for inclusion on the breastplate to be worn by Aaron in the holy place. Other books, especially 1 Samuel, describe their uses.
 
It appears at our first read of the texts containing reference to the [[Urim and Thummim]]  that they were object to be put in a pocket of the ''breastplate and ephod'' of [[priests]] performing religious "[[rituals and ceremonies]]".
 
Israel was a nation and had a unique form of government which required that the citizenry were filled with [[peculiar people]].
 
If they did not understand the wisdom of [[Abraham]] and [[Moses]] and what they were actually doing they could easily unmoor the meaning of scripture, be seduced by practices that would [[degenerate]] society and the social bonds needed to maintain freedom until another ruler or tyrant brings them back into [[bondage]].
 
Their cultural and social practices of the [[masses]] often mold the [[heart and mind]] of the people. There are practices in every community of society that build up the moral character of the individual and therefor strengthen the [[community]] and [[society]] in general and there are those [[covet]]ous and [[sloth]]ful practices  that weaken the poor and give power to tyrants as we see in [[Sodom]].
 
Each generation has the opportunity to bless the next or curse children. The [[kingdom of God]] from [[generation to generation]].
 
Over the centuries the original message of [[Moses]] which was in fact [[The Way]] of Christ was distorted and lost to the memory of the [[masses]] as the people rejected the way of God.
 
 
 
 
=== Round and round ===
 
[[File:Cyrus_Cylinder.jpg|right|350px|thumb|The Cyrus Cylinder is an ancient clay cylinder which displays a royal Akkadian cuneiform inscription in the name of Persian king Cyrus the Great. Having defeated the impious oppressor King Nabonidus the new king Cyrus is counted among the benefactors of the [[citizen]]s and seen as a new ruler who entered the city in peace.<Br>]]
 
The King [[Cyrus]] is reported as being chosen by the highest Babylonian god named Marduk to restore peace and order to the Babylonian nation.
 
There ''Cyrus Cylinder'', now broken into several pieces, on which is written a Achaemenid royal inscription in Akkadian cuneiform script in the name of the Persian King Cyrus the Great.
 
This ancient clay cylinder contains a text which states that Cyrus was welcomed by the people of Babylon as their ''new ruler and entered the city in peace''. This idea of a benevolent ruler was often seen history as repeated by Alexander the Great who conquered [[city-state]] after [[city-state]] which were suffering under corrupt regimes.
 
It was also seen when Octavius marched into  [[Rome]] as [[Augustus Caesar]], the [[Savior]] of [[Rome]], and taking the title of [[Son of God]]. These were all military men ''who [[exercise authority|exercised authority]] one over the other'' but often claimed a dedication to the welfare of the people.
 
The Cylinder does seem to verify Cyrus' choice to repatriate the Jewish people freeing them from the Babylonian [[captivity]] which is chronicled in the [[Ezra|Book of Ezra]].
 
The story is presented in the cuneiform that ''the text refers to the restoration of cult sanctuaries and repatriation of deported peoples''.<Ref> "We All Returned as One!": Critical Notes on the Myth of the Mass Return".  Bob Becking, (2006).</Ref>
 
The ''[[Cyrus]] Cylinder'' only mentions ''Mesopotamian [[sanctuary|sanctuaries]]''with no mention of the [[temple in Jerusalem]], or Judea. While some Cyrus's approach historically as "the first attempt we know about running a society, a state with different nationalities and faiths – a new kind of statecraft".<Ref>Neil MacGregor, former Director of the British Museum.</Ref> Painting King [[Cyrus]] as a monarch with relatively enlightened approach towards cultural and religious diversity may not be fully accurate.
 
The return to Judea was an opportunity to return to [[the way]] of ancient Israel just as [[Moses]] intended but it may be more a story of a few who could see the [[kingdom of God]] and His [[righteousness]] but a larger number again rejecting [[The Way]] and returning to apostacy.
 
After generations in captivity Israel may not have been ready for liberty under God. Certainly Israel after the [[bondage of Egypt]] had much to learn before and after the plagues. They had much to learn just as they did and we may learn from their struggles. They needed to become strong again and cylinders and ''shiny stones'' your pocket does not give you the moral character and strength you may need nor does it build the [[social bonds]] of the [[perfect law of liberty]].
 
 
=== Things are things ===
 
[[File:Pharisees.jpg|right|350px|thumb|[[Corban]] means [[sacrifice]] but the [[corban]] of the [[pharisees]] made them the ones who "say they are Jews, and are not, but are the [[synagogue]] of [[Satan]]" and Jesus called them vipers and hypocrites. The [[Pharisees]] unmoored the meaning of the [[metaphor]]s of scripture into madness. Jesus warned us about their [[leaven]].<Ref name="leavenp">{{leavenp}}</Ref> He was very critical of them, their view of [[religion]], their [[Corban]], their [[covetous practices]], and their hypocrisy because they praised God with their lips but did not do what He said.<Br> Some say they are [[Modern Christians|Christians]] today but are they too [[workers of iniquity]]?<Br>God hates the deeds of the [[Nicolaitan]] which is also the error of [[Balaam]].]]
 
Our obsession with things is not spiritual.
 
The  [[Meditation#Phylactery_or_Tefillin|Phylactery or Tefillin]] that is used still today are believed by many to be objects that are spoken of in scripture. The [[liver]] and [[kidney]] are also things mentioned in the Bible that do not always mean a  [[liver]] and [[kidney]] the same as a [[Goat]] is not always a [[goat]].
 
The so-called phylacteries<Ref name="phulakterion">{{5440}}</Ref>  or Tefillin<Ref name="tëphillah">{{08605}}</Ref> are seen in the Hebrew<Ref>[[Deuteronomy 6]]:8(4-9), [[Deuteronomy 11]]:18 (13-21) and [[Exodus 13]]:9(1-10), [[Exodus 11]], [[Exodus 16]].</Ref> and Greek<Ref>[[Matthew 23]]:5  But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make broad their phylacteries <5440>, and enlarge the borders of their garments,</Ref> texts. They have become a box placed on the forehead with a leather thong that is wrapped around the arm down to the hand. It often contains a scripture written on something. It has become a part of the rituals and ceremonies that may distract from real meditation and prayer.
 
This Tefillin<Ref name="tëphillah">{{08605}}</Ref> was said to be a [[meditation]] tool to aid in relationships... according to Rabbi Goldie Milgram and while it may be talking about a [[meditation]] that is like an exercise, the word means prayer.
 
Contemplating the workings of your own mind may have value but where do you pray doe your [[daily bread]]?
 
The mental process required to live by [[faith]], [[hope]], and [[charity]] is a step toward [[the way]] of the ''lilies of the field''. It become an unceasing prayer of the [[heart and mind]]  in the practice of caring about your neighbor as mush as yourself. [[Covetous practices]] take you in the opposite direction, [[divide]]s the people, [[degenerate]]s the [[masses]], breaks our social bonds, and dims our sight and insight through revelation.
 
One thing we see when the people came out of the [[bondage of Egypt]] was a great deal of winning and complaining. There was even talk of strange wives as if it is those wives that are the problem.
 
There are those who will argue that a [[community]] may react to its social weaknesses by blaming a race, nationality or even the women and oppressing them or even expelling them from society. We supposedly se this interpretation with the expulsion of ''strange women'' in [[Ezra 9]] and 10<Ref>"Witch-hunts, purity and social boundaries: the expulsion of the foreign women in Ezra 9–10", by David Janzen, Professor of Hebrew Bible at Durham University, UK.</Ref> but that wreaks of the ruin of Adam who blamed his sin on the ''women given him by God''.
 
It was not rebuilding the stone [[temple in Jerusalem]] nor instituting the [[rituals and ceremonies]] with the [[Urim and Thummim]], [[Altars|piles of stone]] upon which sheep are [[burntoffering|burned]], nor boxes of [[leaven]] stored at your friendly goyim's house, nor separate plates for your [[milk and meat]].  It is you conversation and the means, manner, and method by which you love one another.
 
We should ask what is the ''means and method'' of these [[sanctuary|sanctuaries]]and [[cults]] for in that answer we will find what manner and mold will form the clay and souls of men.
 
When they tried to return from [[Babylon]] they had to unlearn the foolishness of Saul and reject the "sacrifice of fools" which was the corban of the pharisees. They had to learn what was forgotten and practice [[the way]] of [[righteousness]]. Too often the blind guides speak great swelling words while ''straining at gnats'' until the mysteries of [[Truth]] are cloaked, even hidden, through the use of [[sophistry]].
 
What were they supposed to be doing with the [[Urim and Thummim]] and what was the deeper meaning of this text?
 
 
=== Deeper and deeper ===
 
 
Name and meaning Urim (אוּרִים‎) traditionally has been taken to derive from a root meaning ''lights''<Ref name="Uwriym">{{0224}}</Ref>, while the Thummim (תֻּמִּים‎  "perfections")<Ref name="Tummiym">{{08550}}</Ref> was considered to be a stone. As we have seen with many Hebrew words they often have more than one meaning.


In the Hebrew Bible, the Urim (אוּרִים‎  "lights")<Ref name="Uwriym">{{0224}}</Ref> and the Thummim (תֻּמִּים‎  "perfections")<Ref name="Tummiym">{{08550}}</Ref> are said to be a part of the breastplates of the Highpriest and attached to the ephod which was said to be ''a type of apron'' worn by the Jewish high priest. They are also supposedly connected with divination by casting lots, yet many scholars suspect that the phrase refers to a set of two objects used by the high priest to answer a question or reveal the [[will of God]]. Joseph Smith claimed he translated the Book of Abraham from Egyptian Papyri which supposedly says the prophet Abraham used a Urim and Thummim given to him in the city Ur to receive revelations from God.
The Hebrew terms [[Urim and Thummim]] have traditionally been translated as "lights" and "perfections".  If we take the phrase [[allegory|allegorically]], as meaning "revelation and truth", or "the revealed doctrine or teaching and truth or [[Right Reason]]" How may the [[priests]] of Israel and the [[Church in the wilderness]] given the [[Urim and Thummim]] use them.  


There may have been actual objects called the [[Urim and Thummim]] but the constant unmooring of meaning and placing that meaning into objects has been evidence of the spirit of [[idolatry]] that has been pervasive amongst the [[covetous]] who do not desire or are unable to see spiritual things. Without sacrifice which includes charity, forgiveness and humility there will be no light and much darkness of the mind and heart.
Was the [[Torah]] outlining numerous [[rituals and ceremonies]] to be performed with purposeless pomp as an almost religious [[superstition]]?


The  [[Meditation#Phylactery_or_Tefillin|Phylactery or Tefillin]] that is used still today
Or was there a deeper, more practical purpose to the practices of their [[rituals and ceremonies]]?
The so-called phylacteries<Ref name="phulakterion">{{5440}}</Ref>  or Tefillin<Ref name="tëphillah">{{08605}}</Ref> are seen in the Hebrew<Ref>[[Deuteronomy 6]]:8(4-9), [[Deuteronomy 11]]:18(13-21) and [[Exodus 13]]:9(1-10), [[Exodus 11]], [[Exodus 16]].</Ref> and Greek<Ref>[[Matthew 23]]:5  But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make broad their phylacteries <5440>, and enlarge the borders of their garments,</Ref> texts. They have become a box placed on the forehead with a leather thong that is wrapped around the arm down to the hand. It often contains a scripture written on something. It has become a part of the rituals and ceremonies that may distract from real meditation and prayer.


This Tefillin was said to be a [[meditation]] tool to aid in relationships... according to Rabbi Goldie Milgram.
What was the function of the [[Urim and Thummim]] and how did they help fulfil the purpose of the priesthood in the [[heart and mind]] of the people?
[[File:Pharisees.jpg|right|350px|thumb|The [[pharisees]] were the ones who "say they are Jews, and are not, but are the [[synagogue]] of [[Satan]]" and Jesus called them vipers and hypocrites. The [[Pharisees]] unmoored the meaning of the [[metaphor]]s of scripture into madness. Jesus warned us about their [[leaven]].<Ref name="leavenp">{{leavenp}}</Ref> He was very critical of them, their view of [[religion]], their [[Corban]], their [[covetous practices]], their hypocrisy because they praised God with their lips but did not do what He said.<Br> Some say they are [[Modern Christians|Christians]] today but are they too [[workers of iniquity]]?<Br>God hates the deeds of the [[Nicolaitan]] which is also the error of [[Balaam]].]]
The Urim<Ref name="Uwriym">{{0224}}</Ref> and Thummim may be <Ref name="Tummiym">{{08550}}</Ref> first appear in [[Exodus 28]]:30, where they are named for inclusion on the breastplate to be worn by Aaron in the holy place. Other books, especially 1 Samuel, describe their uses.


Name and meaning Urim (אוּרִים‎) traditionally has been taken to derive from a root meaning ''lights''. The [[Urim and Thummim]] has traditionally been translated as "lights and perfections". If we take the phrase [[allegory|allegorically]], as meaning "revelation and truth", or "doctrine and truth".
There are those who love the light and those who hate and flee from it and eventually embrace the darkness by default. What drives the individual or the [[masses]] into the darkness and what draws them to the light?<Ref name="darkened">{{darkened}}</Ref>


William Muss-Arnolt, an Assyriologist, who taught at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago, wrote his Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language.  He connected the singular forms of ''ur'' and ''tumm'' with the Babylonian terms ''ūrtu'' and ''tamītu'', meaning "oracle" and "command". According to his theory the Hebrew words use a pluralis intensivus to enhance their apparent majesty, not to indicate the presence of more than one.
William Muss-Arnolt, an Assyriologist, who taught at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago, wrote his Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language.  He connected the singular forms of ''ur'' and ''tumm'' with the Babylonian terms ''ūrtu'' and ''tamītu'', meaning "oracle" and "command". According to his theory the Hebrew words use a pluralis intensivus to enhance their apparent majesty, not to indicate the presence of more than one.


Marduk is [[Sumer]]ian for "solar calf" and was the Chief God of Babylon. His temple was a ziggurat described by Herodotus, and has been considered the model for the biblical Tower of Babel. Marduk  has been pictured wearing a similar vest on his breast according to Babylonian religion. Yahweh is the only and supreme god of Israelites, and Marduk was the GOD of GODs of Babylon. While the practice of rituals and ceremonies may over lap the means and manner of their governments were different.  
Marduk is [[Sumer]]ian for "solar calf" and was the Chief God of Babylon. His temple was a ziggurat described by Herodotus, and has been considered the model for the biblical Tower of Babel. Marduk  has been pictured wearing a similar vest on his breast according to Babylonian religion. Yahweh is the only and supreme god of Israelites, and Marduk was the ''GOD of GODs'' of [[Babylon]].  
 
The ''Cyrus Cylinder'' appeals to Marduk to protect and guide Cyrus and his son. It enthusiastically praises Cyrus as a [[benefactors|benefactor]] of the [[citizen]]s of [[Babylon]]ia because in his benevolence he improved their lives, repatriated people who had been conquered and brought into [[captivity]] under [[tribute]].
 
[[Cyrus]] professed a desire to restore [[temples]] and "[[Imperial Cult of Rome|cult sanctuaries]]" across Mesopotamia and the known world. It concludes with a description of how Cyrus repaired the city wall of Babylon and found a similar inscription placed there by an earlier king. It will be absolutely essential to understand that these temples were not just what people thought about [[Gods]] or [[Goddess]]es.
 
 
All these cultures had their [[altars]], [[sanctuary|sanctuaries]], and [[cults]] and while they all equally practiced their [[rituals and ceremonies]] with fervor and faith their outcomes were not all equal. They may overlap in their intent for the welfare of the people the manner of their means and method by which they were government often made a critical difference in the ends.
 
== The meaning and use of [[Urim and Thummim]] ==
 
There may have been actual objects called the [[Urim and Thummim]] but the constant unmooring of meaning and placing that meaning into objects has been evidence of the spirit of [[idolatry]] which has been pervasive amongst the [[covetous]] people of the world who do not desire nor are they able to see spiritual things of the light.
 
Without sacrifice of self, which is included in [[charity]], [[forgive]]ness and humility there will be no place for the light to shine resulting in much darkness of the mind and heart. <Ref name="givelife'">{{givelife}}</Ref>
 
 
The first place we see the phrase [[Urim and Thummim]] is in [[Exodus]]:
: [[Exodus 28]]:30  And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment [[Urim and Thummim|the Urim and the Thummim]]; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.
 
The words say that the [[Urim and Thummim]] are to be ''put'' in the breastplate of ''judgment''".<Ref name="judgment">{{04941}}</Ref>
 
'''Westminster Leningrad Codex<Br>'''
וְנָתַתָּ֞ אֶל־חֹ֣שֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט אֶת־הָאוּרִים֙ וְאֶת־הַתֻּמִּ֔ים וְהָיוּ֙ עַל־לֵ֣ב אַהֲרֹ֔ן בְּבֹאֹ֖ו לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְנָשָׂ֣א אַ֠הֲרֹן אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֨ט בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל עַל־לִבֹּ֛ו לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה תָּמִֽיד׃ ס
 
: [[Exodus 28]]:30  And thou shalt put <05414><Ref name="bind">{{05414}}</Ref> in the breastplate <02833><Ref name="haḥōšen">{{02833}}</Ref> of judgment <04941><Ref name="judgment">{{04941}}</Ref> the Urim <0224> and the Thummim <08550>; and they shall be upon Aaron’s <0175> heart <03820><Ref name="heart">{{03820}}</Ref>, when he goeth <0935> in before <06440> the LORD <03068><Ref name="LORD">{{03068}}</Ref>: and Aaron <0175> shall bear <05375><Ref name="bear">{{05375}}</Ref> the judgment <04941><Ref name="judgment">{{04941}}</Ref> of the children <01121><Ref name="children">{{01121}}</Ref> of Israel <03478> upon his heart <03820><Ref name="heart">{{03820}}</Ref> before <06440> the LORD <03068><Ref name="LORD">{{03068}}</Ref> continually <08548>.<Ref name="continually ">{{08548}}</Ref>
 
Earlier in chapter 28 the
: Exodus 28:28  And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that [it] may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod.
 
'''Westminster Leningrad Codex<Br>'''
וְיִרְכְּס֣וּ אֶת־הַ֠חֹשֶׁן [מִטַּבְּעֹתֹו כ] (מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָ֞יו ק) אֶל־טַבְּעֹ֤ת הָאֵפֹד֙ בִּפְתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֔לֶת לִֽהְיֹ֖ות עַל־חֵ֣שֶׁב הָאֵפֹ֑וד וְלֹֽא־יִזַּ֣ח הַחֹ֔שֶׁן מֵעַ֖ל הָאֵפֹֽוד
 
: [[Exodus 28]]:28  And they shall bind <07405><Ref name="put">{{07405}}</Ref><Ref name="tabbaath">{{02885}}</Ref> the breastplate <02833><Ref name="haḥōšen">{{02833}}</Ref> by the rings <[[02885]]>(מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָ֞יו)<Ref name="tabbaath">{{02885}}</Ref> thereof unto the rings <02885> of the ephod <0646> with a lace <06616> of blue <08504>, that [it] may be above the curious girdle <02805> of the ephod <0646>, and that the breastplate <02833> be not loosed <02118> (8735) from the ephod <0646>.
 
The breastplate<Ref name="haḥōšen">{{02833}}</Ref> is not just ''put'' on but are to be ''bound''<Ref name="put">{{07405}}</Ref> by [מטבעתו] <Ref name="miṭṭabbəōṯōw">"[מִטַּבְּעֹתֹו  כ] is not assigned a Strong's number but it contains the TetBeitAyin.</Ref> rings.<Ref name="tabbaath">{{02885}}</Ref>
 
 
In the Hebrew we can see the letters
*  "[מִטַּבְּעֹתֹו  כ]  (מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָ֞יו  ק)"<Br> which are interpreted as <Br>: "by means of rings" which is followed by the phrase "thereof unto the rings" in the King James but from the Hebrew letters (אֶל־טַבְּעֹ֤ת) which is literally interpreted as <Br>: ''"to rings" of the ephod''.
 
The normal word for rings is  tabbaath ((טַבַּעַת)TetBeitAyinTav‎)<Ref name="tabbaath">{{02885}}</Ref>.
 
 
There appears to be rings on the ephod and on the breastplate and they are tied together with a blue thread.
 
The '''ephod''' is said to have "the curious girdle<Ref name="chesheb">{{02805}}</Ref> of the ephod"<Ref name="ephod">{{0646}}</Ref>.<Ref>[[Exodus 28]]:8  And the curious girdle of the ephod, which [is] upon it, shall be of the same, according to the work thereof; [even of] gold, [of] blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen."</Ref>
 
Many commentaries say little or nothing about some of these complex almost mysterious verses but the '''Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible'''' states that "by the knots of blue lace below; which may denote the conjunction of the prophetic and priestly offices in Christ;"
 
What were the duties and responsibilities of those offices for those [[prophets]] and [[priests]].
 
So, what were the [[Urim and Thummim]] and the "curious girdle"<Ref name="chesheb">{{02805}}</Ref> and the "ephod"<Ref name="ephod">{{0646}}</Ref> Really all about.
 
 
What was [[Abraham]], [[Moses]], the [[prophets]], [[John the Baptist]], and [[Jesus]] the [[Christ]] and the [[early Church]] doing with their [[daily ministration]] and the practice of [[Pure Religion]]? 
 
How did [[early Christians]] provide their [[daily bread]] through [[Corban of Christ]] without the [[covetous practices]] and [[idolatry]]<Ref name="Isidolatry">{{Isidolatry}}</Ref> of the [[temples]] of [[Rome]]?
 
So, if [[Altars]] of [[clay and stone]] are actually systems of a national [[social safety net]] and the same is true of the altar of [[Jehovahnissi]], but the altars of the [[Turtledove]] goddess of [[Sumer]], as well as those of [[Cain]], [[Nimrod]], [[Pharaoh]], and [[Caesar]] as well as many systems modern systems of [[social welfare]].
 
These systems of [[legal charity]] are central to the conflict between the [[Corban]] of [[Herod]] and the [[Pharisees]] and the [[Doctrines of Jesus]] Christ and the teachings of [[John the Baptist]]s. It is the basis of the [[Christian conflict]] during times of [[persecution]]and the topic of many of the [[warnings]] from the apostles and a major theme of the Bible since, no one including the [[benefactors]] of governments should be engaged in [[covetous practices]] which is [[idolatry]].<Ref name="Isidolatry">{{Isidolatry}}</Ref>
 
If the [[gods]] and [[goddess]]es of the [[world]] are the systems that provide [[dainties]] of [[rulers]] and the [[wages of unrighteousness]] on [[tables]] which are a [[snare]] then we may be uncovering [[Mystery Babylon]], to say nothing of the [[Mysteries of the Universe]], If we have eyes to see and ears to hear and a willingness to [[repent|think a different way]] about the Biblical text. Over and over men have forgotten [[the way]] of [[righteousness]].<Ref name="Forgotten">{{Forgotten}}</Ref>
 
 
 
 
== The Appearances of [[Urim and Thummim]] ==
 
: [[Exodus 28]]:30  And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment [[Urim and Thummim|the Urim and the Thummim]]; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.


: [[Leviticus 8]]:8  And he put the breastplate upon him: also he put in the breastplate the Urim <0224> and the Thummim <08550>.


== Appearances ==
: [[Deuteronomy 33]]:8  And of Levi he said, [Let] thy Thummim <08550> and thy Urim <0224> [be] with thy holy one, whom thou didst prove at Massah, [and with] whom thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;


[[Exodus 28]]:30 And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim <0224> and the Thummim <08550>; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.
: [[Ezra 2]]:63 And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim <0224> and with Thummim <08550>.


Exodus 28:30 And thou shalt put <05414><Ref name="">{{05414}}</Ref> in the breastplate <02833><Ref name="haḥōšen">{{02833}}</Ref> of judgment <04941> the Urim <0224> and the Thummim <08550>; and they shall be upon Aaron’s <0175> heart <03820>, when he goeth <0935> (8800) in before <06440> the LORD <03068>: and Aaron <0175> shall bear <05375> (8804) the judgment <04941> of the children <01121> of Israel <03478> upon his heart <03820> before <06440> the LORD <03068> continually <08548>.
: [[Nehemiah 7]]:65 And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood [up] a priest with Urim <0224> and Thummim <08550>.




[[Exodus 28]]:30  And thou shalt put<07405><Ref name="">{{07405}}</Ref> in the breastplate<Ref name="haḥōšen">{{02833}}</Ref> of judgment the Urim <0224><Ref name="Uwriym">{{0224}}</Ref> and the Thummim <08550>; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.


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== Footnotes ==


<references />


7405 [e] וְיִרְכְּס֣וּ
[[Category:Articles]]
wə-yir-kə-sū And they shall bind Conj-w | V-Qal-ConjImperf-3mp
853 [e] אֶת־
’eṯ- - DirObjM
2833 [e] הַ֠חֹשֶׁן
ha-ḥō-šen the breastplate Art | N-ms
[מטבעתו]
[miṭ-ṭab-bə-‘ō-ṯōw by Preposition-m :: Noun - feminine singular construct :: third person masculine singular Prep-m | N-fsc | 3ms
ḵ]
2885 [e] (מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָ֞יו)
(miṭ-ṭab-bə-‘ō-ṯāw means of its rings Prep-m | N-fpc | 3ms
q)
413 [e] אֶל־
’el- to Prep
2885 [e] טַבְּעֹ֤ת
ṭab-bə-‘ōṯ the rings N-fpc
646 [e] הָאֵפֹד֙
hā-’ê-p̄ōḏ of the ephod Art | N-ms
6616 [e] בִּפְתִ֣יל
bip̄-ṯîl using a cord Prep-b | N-msc
8504 [e] תְּכֵ֔לֶת
tə-ḵê-leṯ, blue N-fs
1961 [e] לִֽהְי֖וֹת
lih-yō-wṯ so that it is Prep-l | V-Qal-Inf
5921 [e] עַל־
‘al- above Prep
2805 [e] חֵ֣שֶׁב
ḥê-šeḇ the intricately woven band N-msc
646 [e] הָאֵפ֑וֹד
hā-’ê-p̄ō-wḏ; of the ephod Art | N-ms
3808 [e] וְלֹֽא־
wə-lō- so that not Conj-w | Adv-NegPrt
2118 [e] יִזַּ֣ח
yiz-zaḥ does come loose V-Nifal-Imperf-3ms
2833 [e] הַחֹ֔שֶׁן
ha-ḥō-šen, the breastplate Art | N-ms
5921 [e] מֵעַ֖ל
mê-‘al from Prep-m
646 [e] הָאֵפֽוֹד׃
hā-’ê-p̄ō-wḏ. the ephod Art | N-ms


Leviticus 8:8  And he put the breastplate upon him: also he put in the breastplate the Urim <0224> and the Thummim <08550>.
[[Category:Definitions]]


Deuteronomy 33:8  And of Levi he said, [Let] thy Thummim <08550> and thy Urim <0224> [be] with thy holy one, whom thou didst prove at Massah, [and with] whom thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;
[[Category:Topics]]


Ezra 2:63  And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim <0224> and with Thummim <08550>.
[[Category:Words]]
Nehemiah 7:65  And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood [up] a priest with Urim <0224> and Thummim <08550>.

Latest revision as of 09:28, 5 December 2023

Unmooring the altars, priests and the Levites from their purpose and function in a free society is first the product of vanity and coupled with the institution of legal charity will lead the masses to idolatry[1] and a departure from the social virtues which create the social bonds required for liberty under God. A nation of priests and kings is where the people are not slothful in their responsibility to give and forgive in the care of their neighbor through a social safety net of charity and the attention to the weightier matters.
 : As ministers of a nation who do not exercise authority one over the other may be considered naked. Therefore they may need the people to sew them "Breeches" and what are the cloths of service described in Exodus 28 and Exodus 29 based on the intent of Moses in the scriptures to set the captive free?

Urim and Thummim

In the Hebrew Bible, the Urim (אוּרִים‎ "lights") and the Thummim (תֻּמִּים‎ "perfections") are said to be a part of the breastplates of the Highpriest and attached to the ephod which was said to be a type of apron worn by the Jewish high priest. They are also supposedly connected with divination by casting lots, yet many scholars suspect that the phrase refers to a set of two objects used by the high priest to answer a question or reveal the will of God. Joseph Smith claimed he translated the Book of Abraham from Egyptian Papyri which supposedly says the prophet Abraham used a Urim and Thummim given to him in the city of Ur to receive revelations from God.

The Urim[2] and Thummim may be [3] first appear in Exodus 28:30, where they are named for inclusion on the breastplate to be worn by Aaron in the holy place. Other books, especially 1 Samuel, describe their uses.

It appears at our first read of the texts containing reference to the Urim and Thummim that they were object to be put in a pocket of the breastplate and ephod of priests performing religious "rituals and ceremonies".

Israel was a nation and had a unique form of government which required that the citizenry were filled with peculiar people.

If they did not understand the wisdom of Abraham and Moses and what they were actually doing they could easily unmoor the meaning of scripture, be seduced by practices that would degenerate society and the social bonds needed to maintain freedom until another ruler or tyrant brings them back into bondage.

Their cultural and social practices of the masses often mold the heart and mind of the people. There are practices in every community of society that build up the moral character of the individual and therefor strengthen the community and society in general and there are those covetous and slothful practices that weaken the poor and give power to tyrants as we see in Sodom.

Each generation has the opportunity to bless the next or curse children. The kingdom of God from generation to generation.

Over the centuries the original message of Moses which was in fact The Way of Christ was distorted and lost to the memory of the masses as the people rejected the way of God.



Round and round

The Cyrus Cylinder is an ancient clay cylinder which displays a royal Akkadian cuneiform inscription in the name of Persian king Cyrus the Great. Having defeated the impious oppressor King Nabonidus the new king Cyrus is counted among the benefactors of the citizens and seen as a new ruler who entered the city in peace.

The King Cyrus is reported as being chosen by the highest Babylonian god named Marduk to restore peace and order to the Babylonian nation.

There Cyrus Cylinder, now broken into several pieces, on which is written a Achaemenid royal inscription in Akkadian cuneiform script in the name of the Persian King Cyrus the Great.

This ancient clay cylinder contains a text which states that Cyrus was welcomed by the people of Babylon as their new ruler and entered the city in peace. This idea of a benevolent ruler was often seen history as repeated by Alexander the Great who conquered city-state after city-state which were suffering under corrupt regimes.

It was also seen when Octavius marched into Rome as Augustus Caesar, the Savior of Rome, and taking the title of Son of God. These were all military men who exercised authority one over the other but often claimed a dedication to the welfare of the people.

The Cylinder does seem to verify Cyrus' choice to repatriate the Jewish people freeing them from the Babylonian captivity which is chronicled in the Book of Ezra.

The story is presented in the cuneiform that the text refers to the restoration of cult sanctuaries and repatriation of deported peoples.[4]

The Cyrus Cylinder only mentions Mesopotamian sanctuarieswith no mention of the temple in Jerusalem, or Judea. While some Cyrus's approach historically as "the first attempt we know about running a society, a state with different nationalities and faiths – a new kind of statecraft".[5] Painting King Cyrus as a monarch with relatively enlightened approach towards cultural and religious diversity may not be fully accurate.

The return to Judea was an opportunity to return to the way of ancient Israel just as Moses intended but it may be more a story of a few who could see the kingdom of God and His righteousness but a larger number again rejecting The Way and returning to apostacy.

After generations in captivity Israel may not have been ready for liberty under God. Certainly Israel after the bondage of Egypt had much to learn before and after the plagues. They had much to learn just as they did and we may learn from their struggles. They needed to become strong again and cylinders and shiny stones your pocket does not give you the moral character and strength you may need nor does it build the social bonds of the perfect law of liberty.


Things are things

Corban means sacrifice but the corban of the pharisees made them the ones who "say they are Jews, and are not, but are the synagogue of Satan" and Jesus called them vipers and hypocrites. The Pharisees unmoored the meaning of the metaphors of scripture into madness. Jesus warned us about their leaven.[6] He was very critical of them, their view of religion, their Corban, their covetous practices, and their hypocrisy because they praised God with their lips but did not do what He said.
Some say they are Christians today but are they too workers of iniquity?
God hates the deeds of the Nicolaitan which is also the error of Balaam.

Our obsession with things is not spiritual.

The Phylactery or Tefillin that is used still today are believed by many to be objects that are spoken of in scripture. The liver and kidney are also things mentioned in the Bible that do not always mean a liver and kidney the same as a Goat is not always a goat.

The so-called phylacteries[7] or Tefillin[8] are seen in the Hebrew[9] and Greek[10] texts. They have become a box placed on the forehead with a leather thong that is wrapped around the arm down to the hand. It often contains a scripture written on something. It has become a part of the rituals and ceremonies that may distract from real meditation and prayer.

This Tefillin[8] was said to be a meditation tool to aid in relationships... according to Rabbi Goldie Milgram and while it may be talking about a meditation that is like an exercise, the word means prayer.

Contemplating the workings of your own mind may have value but where do you pray doe your daily bread?

The mental process required to live by faith, hope, and charity is a step toward the way of the lilies of the field. It become an unceasing prayer of the heart and mind in the practice of caring about your neighbor as mush as yourself. Covetous practices take you in the opposite direction, divides the people, degenerates the masses, breaks our social bonds, and dims our sight and insight through revelation.

One thing we see when the people came out of the bondage of Egypt was a great deal of winning and complaining. There was even talk of strange wives as if it is those wives that are the problem.

There are those who will argue that a community may react to its social weaknesses by blaming a race, nationality or even the women and oppressing them or even expelling them from society. We supposedly se this interpretation with the expulsion of strange women in Ezra 9 and 10[11] but that wreaks of the ruin of Adam who blamed his sin on the women given him by God.

It was not rebuilding the stone temple in Jerusalem nor instituting the rituals and ceremonies with the Urim and Thummim, piles of stone upon which sheep are burned, nor boxes of leaven stored at your friendly goyim's house, nor separate plates for your milk and meat. It is you conversation and the means, manner, and method by which you love one another.

We should ask what is the means and method of these sanctuariesand cults for in that answer we will find what manner and mold will form the clay and souls of men.

When they tried to return from Babylon they had to unlearn the foolishness of Saul and reject the "sacrifice of fools" which was the corban of the pharisees. They had to learn what was forgotten and practice the way of righteousness. Too often the blind guides speak great swelling words while straining at gnats until the mysteries of Truth are cloaked, even hidden, through the use of sophistry.

What were they supposed to be doing with the Urim and Thummim and what was the deeper meaning of this text?


Deeper and deeper

Name and meaning Urim (אוּרִים‎) traditionally has been taken to derive from a root meaning lights[2], while the Thummim (תֻּמִּים‎ "perfections")[3] was considered to be a stone. As we have seen with many Hebrew words they often have more than one meaning.

The Hebrew terms Urim and Thummim have traditionally been translated as "lights" and "perfections". If we take the phrase allegorically, as meaning "revelation and truth", or "the revealed doctrine or teaching and truth or Right Reason" How may the priests of Israel and the Church in the wilderness given the Urim and Thummim use them.

Was the Torah outlining numerous rituals and ceremonies to be performed with purposeless pomp as an almost religious superstition?

Or was there a deeper, more practical purpose to the practices of their rituals and ceremonies?

What was the function of the Urim and Thummim and how did they help fulfil the purpose of the priesthood in the heart and mind of the people?

There are those who love the light and those who hate and flee from it and eventually embrace the darkness by default. What drives the individual or the masses into the darkness and what draws them to the light?[12]

William Muss-Arnolt, an Assyriologist, who taught at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago, wrote his Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language. He connected the singular forms of ur and tumm with the Babylonian terms ūrtu and tamītu, meaning "oracle" and "command". According to his theory the Hebrew words use a pluralis intensivus to enhance their apparent majesty, not to indicate the presence of more than one.

Marduk is Sumerian for "solar calf" and was the Chief God of Babylon. His temple was a ziggurat described by Herodotus, and has been considered the model for the biblical Tower of Babel. Marduk has been pictured wearing a similar vest on his breast according to Babylonian religion. Yahweh is the only and supreme god of Israelites, and Marduk was the GOD of GODs of Babylon.

The Cyrus Cylinder appeals to Marduk to protect and guide Cyrus and his son. It enthusiastically praises Cyrus as a benefactor of the citizens of Babylonia because in his benevolence he improved their lives, repatriated people who had been conquered and brought into captivity under tribute.

Cyrus professed a desire to restore temples and "cult sanctuaries" across Mesopotamia and the known world. It concludes with a description of how Cyrus repaired the city wall of Babylon and found a similar inscription placed there by an earlier king. It will be absolutely essential to understand that these temples were not just what people thought about Gods or Goddesses.


All these cultures had their altars, sanctuaries, and cults and while they all equally practiced their rituals and ceremonies with fervor and faith their outcomes were not all equal. They may overlap in their intent for the welfare of the people the manner of their means and method by which they were government often made a critical difference in the ends.

The meaning and use of Urim and Thummim

There may have been actual objects called the Urim and Thummim but the constant unmooring of meaning and placing that meaning into objects has been evidence of the spirit of idolatry which has been pervasive amongst the covetous people of the world who do not desire nor are they able to see spiritual things of the light.

Without sacrifice of self, which is included in charity, forgiveness and humility there will be no place for the light to shine resulting in much darkness of the mind and heart. [13]


The first place we see the phrase Urim and Thummim is in Exodus:

Exodus 28:30 And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.

The words say that the Urim and Thummim are to be put in the breastplate of judgment".[14]

Westminster Leningrad Codex
 וְנָתַתָּ֞ אֶל־חֹ֣שֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט אֶת־הָאוּרִים֙ וְאֶת־הַתֻּמִּ֔ים וְהָיוּ֙ עַל־לֵ֣ב אַהֲרֹ֔ן בְּבֹאֹ֖ו לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְנָשָׂ֣א אַ֠הֲרֹן אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֨ט בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל עַל־לִבֹּ֛ו לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה תָּמִֽיד׃ ס

Exodus 28:30 And thou shalt put <05414>[15] in the breastplate <02833>[16] of judgment <04941>[14] the Urim <0224> and the Thummim <08550>; and they shall be upon Aaron’s <0175> heart <03820>[17], when he goeth <0935> in before <06440> the LORD <03068>[18]: and Aaron <0175> shall bear <05375>[19] the judgment <04941>[14] of the children <01121>[20] of Israel <03478> upon his heart <03820>[17] before <06440> the LORD <03068>[18] continually <08548>.[21]

Earlier in chapter 28 the

Exodus 28:28 And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that [it] may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod.

Westminster Leningrad Codex
 וְיִרְכְּס֣וּ אֶת־הַ֠חֹשֶׁן [מִטַּבְּעֹתֹו כ] (מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָ֞יו ק) אֶל־טַבְּעֹ֤ת הָאֵפֹד֙ בִּפְתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֔לֶת לִֽהְיֹ֖ות עַל־חֵ֣שֶׁב הָאֵפֹ֑וד וְלֹֽא־יִזַּ֣ח הַחֹ֔שֶׁן מֵעַ֖ל הָאֵפֹֽוד

Exodus 28:28 And they shall bind <07405>[22][23] the breastplate <02833>[16] by the rings <02885>(מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָ֞יו)[23] thereof unto the rings <02885> of the ephod <0646> with a lace <06616> of blue <08504>, that [it] may be above the curious girdle <02805> of the ephod <0646>, and that the breastplate <02833> be not loosed <02118> (8735) from the ephod <0646>.

The breastplate[16] is not just put on but are to be bound[22] by [מטבעתו] [24] rings.[23]


In the Hebrew we can see the letters

  • "[מִטַּבְּעֹתֹו כ] (מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָ֞יו ק)"
    which are interpreted as
    : "by means of rings" which is followed by the phrase "thereof unto the rings" in the King James but from the Hebrew letters (אֶל־טַבְּעֹ֤ת) which is literally interpreted as
    : "to rings" of the ephod.

The normal word for rings is tabbaath ((טַבַּעַת)TetBeitAyinTav‎)[23].


There appears to be rings on the ephod and on the breastplate and they are tied together with a blue thread.

The ephod is said to have "the curious girdle[25] of the ephod"[26].[27]

Many commentaries say little or nothing about some of these complex almost mysterious verses but the Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible' states that "by the knots of blue lace below; which may denote the conjunction of the prophetic and priestly offices in Christ;"

What were the duties and responsibilities of those offices for those prophets and priests.

So, what were the Urim and Thummim and the "curious girdle"[25] and the "ephod"[26] Really all about.


What was Abraham, Moses, the prophets, John the Baptist, and Jesus the Christ and the early Church doing with their daily ministration and the practice of Pure Religion?

How did early Christians provide their daily bread through Corban of Christ without the covetous practices and idolatry[1] of the temples of Rome?

So, if Altars of clay and stone are actually systems of a national social safety net and the same is true of the altar of Jehovahnissi, but the altars of the Turtledove goddess of Sumer, as well as those of Cain, Nimrod, Pharaoh, and Caesar as well as many systems modern systems of social welfare.

These systems of legal charity are central to the conflict between the Corban of Herod and the Pharisees and the Doctrines of Jesus Christ and the teachings of John the Baptists. It is the basis of the Christian conflict during times of persecutionand the topic of many of the warnings from the apostles and a major theme of the Bible since, no one including the benefactors of governments should be engaged in covetous practices which is idolatry.[1]

If the gods and goddesses of the world are the systems that provide dainties of rulers and the wages of unrighteousness on tables which are a snare then we may be uncovering Mystery Babylon, to say nothing of the Mysteries of the Universe, If we have eyes to see and ears to hear and a willingness to think a different way about the Biblical text. Over and over men have forgotten the way of righteousness.[28]



The Appearances of Urim and Thummim

Exodus 28:30 And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.
Leviticus 8:8 And he put the breastplate upon him: also he put in the breastplate the Urim <0224> and the Thummim <08550>.
Deuteronomy 33:8 And of Levi he said, [Let] thy Thummim <08550> and thy Urim <0224> [be] with thy holy one, whom thou didst prove at Massah, [and with] whom thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;
Ezra 2:63 And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim <0224> and with Thummim <08550>.
Nehemiah 7:65 And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood [up] a priest with Urim <0224> and Thummim <08550>.



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Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Covetousness is idolatry
    Colossians 3:5 "Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry: 6 For which things’ sake the wrath of God cometh on the children of disobedience:"
    Ephesians 5:5 "For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God."
    1 Corinthians 5:10 "Yet not altogether with the fornicators of this world, or with the covetous, or extortioners, or with idolaters; for then must ye needs go out of the world. 11 But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a railer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner; with such an one no not to eat."
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 0224 אוּרִים‎ ‘Uwriym [oo-reem’] plural of 0217 אוּר‎ ‘uwr flame, light of fire, from 0215 אוֹר‎ ‘owr to be or become light; n m; [BDB-22a] [{See TWOT on 158 @@ "158b" } AV-Urim 7; 7
    Urim= "lights"
    1) stones kept in a pouch on the high-priest’s breastplate, used in determining God’s decision in certain questions and issues
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 08550 תֻּמִים‎ Tummiym [toom-meem’] pl. of 08537 תֹּם‎ tom integrity, completeness from 08552 תָּמַם‎ tamam to be complete, be finished; n pr m; [BDB-1070b] [{See TWOT on 2522 @@ "2522d" }] AV-Thummim 5; 5
    Thummim= "perfection"
    1) stones provided for the means of achieving a sacred lot
    1a) used with the Urim, the will of God was revealed
  4. ↑ "We All Returned as One!": Critical Notes on the Myth of the Mass Return". Bob Becking, (2006).
  5. ↑ Neil MacGregor, former Director of the British Museum.
  6. ↑ Bread of oppression
    Matthew 16:6 "Then Jesus said unto them, Take heed and beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees... 11 How is it that ye do not understand that I spake [it] not to you concerning daily bread, that ye should beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees? 12 Then understood they how that he bade [them] not beware of the leaven of bread, but of the doctrine of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees.
    Mark 8:15 "And he charged them, saying, Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and [of] the leaven of Herod."
    Matthew 16:11 "How is it that ye do not understand that I spake [it] not to you concerning bread, that ye should beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees?"
    Mark 8:15 "And he charged them, saying, Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod."
    Luke 12:1 "In the mean time, when there were gathered together an innumerable multitude of people, insomuch that they trode one upon another, he began to say unto his disciples first of all, Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy."
    Jesus and John the Baptist opposed the leaven of Herod, the Pharisees and of the Sadducees because they misinterpreted the way of Moses and the LORD. They collected the resources for their tables of welfare, their social safety net of free bread and care for the needy of society through forced offerings. Peter, Paul, David, and the prophets have been warned us that such covetous practices were setting a snare and a trap. Herod and the Pharisees had set up a system of legal charity rather than fervent charity which always makes the word of God to none effect so that Christ would say the kingdom of God shall be taken from them and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits. We should know that their system "degenerates" the "masses" until they become "perfect savages". Legal charity and its benefits and dainties provided through men who exercise authority are the wages of unrighteousness and the covetous practices that makes men merchandise and will curse children.
  7. ↑ 5440 φυλακτήριον phulakterion [foo-lak-tay’-ree-on] neuter of a derivative of 5442; n n; AV-phylactery 1; 1
    1) a fortified place provided with a garrison, a station for a guard or garrison
    2) a preservative or safeguard, an amulet. The Jews used this word to describe small strips of parchment on which were written the following passages of the law of Moses, #Ex 13:1-10, 11-16; #De 6:4-9, 11:13-21, and which, enclosed in small cases, they were accustomed when engaged in prayer to wear fastened by a leather strap to the forehead and to the left arm over against the heart, in order that they might thus be solemnly reminded of the duty of keeping the commands of God in the head and in the heart, according to the directions given in #Ex 13:16, De 6:8, 11:18. These scrolls were thought to have the power, like amulets, to avert various evils and to drive away demons. The Pharisees were accustomed to widen, make broad, their phylacteries, that they might render them more conspicuous and show themselves to be more eager than the majority to be reminded of the law of God.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 08605 תְּפִלָּה‎ tëphillah [tef-il-law’] from 06419; n f; [BDB-813b] [{See TWOT on 1776 @@ "1776a" }] AV-prayer 77; 77
    1) prayer
    1a) prayer
    1b) pray a prayer
    1c) house of prayer
    1d) hear prayer
    1e) in Ps titles (of poetic or liturgical prayer)
  9. ↑ Deuteronomy 6:8(4-9), Deuteronomy 11:18 (13-21) and Exodus 13:9(1-10), Exodus 11, Exodus 16.
  10. ↑ Matthew 23:5 But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make broad their phylacteries <5440>, and enlarge the borders of their garments,
  11. ↑ "Witch-hunts, purity and social boundaries: the expulsion of the foreign women in Ezra 9–10", by David Janzen, Professor of Hebrew Bible at Durham University, UK.
  12. ↑ Eyes darkened
    Psalms 69:22 "Let their table become a snare before them: and that which should have been for their welfare, let it become a trap. 23 Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their loins continually to shake."
    Psalms 107:10 "Such as sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, [being] bound in affliction and iron;"
    Isaiah 9:2 "The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined."
    Isaiah 42:7 "To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, [and] them that sit in darkness out of the prison house."
    Isaiah 42:16 "And I will bring the blind by a way [that] they knew not; I will lead them in paths [that] they have not known: I will make darkness light before them, and crooked things straight. These things will I do unto them, and not forsake them."
    Isaiah 49:6 "And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel: I will also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth."
    Ecclesiastes 2:14 "The wise man’s eyes [are] in his head; but the fool walketh in darkness: and I myself perceived also that one event happeneth to them all."
    Micah 7:8 "Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy: when I fall, I shall arise; when I sit in darkness, the LORD [shall be] a light unto me."
    Matthew 4:16 “‭The people which sat in darkness saw great light; and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up.”
    Luke 1:79 "To give light to them that sit in darkness and [in] the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace."
    John 1:9 [That] was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world.
    Romans 11:10 "Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back alway"
    2 Corinthians 6:14 "Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness?”
    Job 34:22 "There is no darkness, nor shadow of death, where the workers of iniquity may hide themselves."
    Matthew 6:23 “‭But if thine eye be evil, thy whole body shall be full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is that darkness!”
    1 John 2:10 "He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and there is none occasion of stumbling in him. 11 But he that hateth his brother is in darkness, and walketh in darkness, and knoweth not whither he goeth, because that darkness hath blinded his eyes."
    John 3:19 "And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. 20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. 21 But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God." See Born again.
  13. ↑ God of life and love
    Job 1:21 And said, Naked came I out of my mother’s womb, and naked shall I return thither: the LORD gave, and the LORD hath taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD.
    John 15:12 This is my commandment, That ye love one another, as I have loved you. 13 Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.
    1 John 3:16 Hereby perceive we the love of God, because he laid down his life for us: and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren. 17 But whoso hath this world's good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him? 18 My little children, let us not love in word, neither in tongue; but in deed and in truth.
    John 6:33-34“‭33 For the bread of God is he which cometh down from heaven, and giveth life unto the world. ‭34 Then said they unto him, Lord, evermore give us this bread.”
    Mark 10:45 For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.
    John 10:11 "I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep... 15 As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep.... 17 Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again."
    John 13:37-38 “‭Peter said unto him, Lord, why cannot I follow thee now? I will lay down my life for thy sake. ‭38 Jesus answered him, Wilt thou lay down thy life for my sake? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, till thou hast denied me thrice.”
    John 15:13-14 “‭Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. ‭14 Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you.”
    1 Corinthians 13:13 And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity.
    Leviticus 19:18 Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.
    "Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof." Matthew 21:43
    Matthew 19:19 Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.
    Matthew 22:39 And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. 40 On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.
    Galatians 5:14 For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. 15 But if ye bite and devour one another, take heed that ye be not consumed one of another.
    James 2:8 If ye fulfil the royal law according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, ye do well: 9 But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors.
    1 John 3:16-18 “Hereby perceive we the love of God, because he laid down his life for us: and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren. ‭17 But whoso hath this world’s good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him? ‭18 My little children, let us not love in word, neither in tongue; but in deed and in truth.”
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 04941 ^טפשׁמ^ MemShinPeiTet mishpat \@mish-pawt’\@ מִשְׁפָּט has 50 different variations and appears some 420 times and is from the three letter Hebrew word 08199 טפשׁ; n m; {See TWOT on 2443 @@ "2443c"} AV-judgment 296, manner 38, right 18, cause 12, ordinance 11, lawful 7, order 5, worthy 3, fashion 3, custom 2, discretion 2, law 2, measure 2, sentence 2, misc 18; 421
    1) judgment, justice, ordinance
    1a) judgment
    1a1) act of deciding a case
    1a2) place, court, seat of judgment
    1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges)
    1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment)
    1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment)
    1a6) execution (of judgment)
    1a7) time (of judgment)
    1b) justice, right, rectitude (attributes of God or man)
    1c) ordinance
    1d) decision (in law)
    1e) right, privilege, due (legal)
    1f) proper, fitting, measure, fitness, custom, manner, plan
    See Deuteronomy 25
    • מ ם Mem Fountain of water, a flow, a fountain of the Divine Wisdom [massive, overpower chaos] (Numeric value: 40)
    • ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)
    • פ ף Pei Communication: The Oral Torah The mouth, blow, edge. [Mouth speak open word] (Numeric value: 80)
    • ט Tet Introversion - The Concealed power of good or paradoxically evil [to twist a snake... wheel To surround (gestation)] (Numeric value: 9)
  15. ↑ 05414 נָתַן‎ nathan [naw-than’] a primitive root NunTavNun; v; [BDB-678a] [{See TWOT on 1443 }] AV-give 1078, put 191, deliver 174, made 107, set 99, up 26, lay 22, grant 21, suffer 18, yield 15, bring 15, cause 13, utter 12, laid 11, send 11, recompense 11, appoint 10, shew 7, misc 167; 2008
    1) to give, put, set
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend
    1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate
    1a3) to make, constitute
    1b) (Niphal)
    1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned
    1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted
    1c) (Hophal)
    1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up
    1c2) to be put upon
    Over hundred variations of this root word.
    • נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)
    • ת Tav is a Seal of a Higher kingdom or realm through faith. The paradigm keter–malchut “The Crown of Sovereignty” from the Tree of Life spiritually linking worlds or realms through an unseen doorway of faith. The Aleph & Tav are the first and last letters. [door sign cross seal] (Numeric value: 400)
    • נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 02833 חשֶׁן‎ choshen [kho’-shen] from an unused root probably meaning to contain or sparkle; n m; [BDB-365b] [{See TWOT on 772 @@ "772a" }] AV-breastplate 25; 25
    1) breastplate, breastpiece
    1a) sacred pouch of the high priest designed to hold the Urim and Thummim
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 03820 לֵב‎ leb [labe] a form of 03824; n m; [BDB-524a, BDB-525b] [{See TWOT on 1071 @@ "1071a" }] AV-heart 508, mind 12, midst 11, understanding 10, hearted 7, wisdom 6, comfortably 4, well 4, considered 2, friendly 2, kindly 2, stouthearted + 047 2, care + 07760 2, misc 21; 593
    1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
    1a) inner part, midst
    1a1) midst (of things)
    1a2) heart (of man)
    1a3) soul, heart (of man)
    1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
    1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
    1a6) conscience
    1a7) heart (of moral character)
    1a8) as seat of appetites
    1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
    • ל Lamed means Aspiration of the Heart or to learn or even direct like a shepherd. It has to do with what the Hand produces, [hand is די YodDalet] or directs with staff, whip... like the tongue may direct. (Numeric value: 30)
    • ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 03068 יְהוָֹה‎ YodHeyVavHey Yëhovah [yeh-ho-vaw’] from 01961; n pr dei; [BDB-217b] [{See TWOT on 484 @@ "484a" }] AV-LORD 6510, GOD 4, JEHOVAH 4, variant 1; 6519
    • Jehovah= "the existing One"
    1) the proper name of the one true God
    1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of 0136
    • י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
    • ה Hey Expression--Thought, Speech, Action. Manifest seeds of thought and life. [Emphasize, jubilation, window, fence] (Numeric value: 5)
    • ו Vav Connection, Connecting realms and worlds or the dividing veil between them. [nail... And, Add, secure, hook] (Numeric value: 6)
    • ה Hey Expression--Thought, Speech, Action. Manifest seeds of thought and life. [Emphasize, jubilation, window, fence] (Numeric value: 5)
  19. ↑ 05375 ^אשׂנ^ nasa’ NunShinAlef \@naw-saw’\@ or ^הסנ^ nacah (#Ps 4:6) \@naw-saw’\@ a primitive root; v; {See TWOT on 1421} AV-(bare, lift, etc … ) up 219, bear 115, take 58, bare 34, carry 30, (take, carry)  … away 22, borne 22, armourbearer 18, forgive 16, accept 12, exalt 8, regard 5, obtained 4, respect 3, misc 74; 654
    1) to lift, bear up, carry, take
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to lift, lift up
    1a2) to bear, carry, support, sustain, endure
    1a3) to take, take away, carry off, forgive
    1b) (Niphal)
    1b1) to be lifted up, be exalted
    1b2) to lift oneself up, rise up
    1b3) to be borne, be carried
    1b4) to be taken away, be carried off, be swept away
    1c) (Piel)
    1c1) to lift up, exalt, support, aid, assist
    1c2) to desire, long (fig.)
    1c3) to carry, bear continuously
    1c4) to take, take away
    1d) (Hithpael) to lift oneself up, exalt oneself
    1e) (Hiphil)
    1e1) to cause one to bear (iniquity)
    1e2) to cause to bring, have brought
    • נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)
    • ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)
    • א Alef Father-Son- begin- The Paradox: God and Man - (ox bull) [strength, leader, first] (Numeric value: 1)
    See study of wrath
  20. ↑ 01121 בֵּן‎ ben [bane] from 01129 build; n m; [BDB-119b, BDB-122a] [{See TWOT on 254 }] AV-son 2978, children 1568, old 135, first 51, man 20, young 18, young + 01241 17, child 10, stranger 10, people 5, misc 92; 4906
    1) son, grandson, child, member of a group
    1a) son, male child
    1b) grandson
    1c) children (pl. — male and female)
    1d) youth, young men (pl.)
    1e) young (of animals)
    1f) sons (as characterisation, i.e. sons of injustice [for unrighteous men] or sons of God [for angels]
    1g) people (of a nation) (pl.)
    1h) of lifeless things, i.e. sparks, stars, arrows (fig.)
    1i) a member of a guild, order, class
  21. ↑ 08548 תָּמִיד‎ tamiyd [taw-meed’] from an unused root meaning to stretch; n m/subst-m/adv; [BDB-556a] [{See TWOT on 1157 @@ "1157a" }] AV-continually 53, continual 26, daily 7, always 6, alway 4, ever 3, perpetual 2, continual employment 1, evermore 1, never 1; 104
    1) continuity, perpetuity, to stretch
    1a) daily [{#Da 12:11 }] (as noun)
    1a) continually, continuously (as adv)
    1b) continuity (as subst)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 07405 רָכַס‎ rakac [raw-kas’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-940b] [{See TWOT on 2166 }] AV-bind 2; 2
    1) (Qal) to bind
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 02885 טַבַּעַת‎ tabba‘ath [tab-bah’-ath] from 02883 טָבַע‎ taba‘ a verb meaning to sink ... be planted; n f; [BDB-371b] [{See TWOT on 789 @@ "789a" }] AV-ring 49; 49
    1) ring, signet, signet ring
    1a) signet ring (as symbol of authority)
    1b) ring (as ornament)
  24. ↑ "[מִטַּבְּעֹתֹו כ] is not assigned a Strong's number but it contains the TetBeitAyin.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 02805 חֵשֶׁב‎ chesheb [khay’-sheb] ChetShinBeit from 02803 חָשַׁב‎ chashab to think, ... make a judgment ; n m; [BDB-363b] [{See TWOT on 767 @@ "767a" }] AV-curious girdle 8; 8
    1) sash, band, ingenious work
    1a) ingenious work-the name of the girdle or band of the ephod
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 0646 אֵפוֹד‎ ‘ephowd [ay-fode’] rarely אפד‎ ‘ephod [ay-fode’] probably of foreign derivation; n m; [BDB-65a] [{See TWOT on 142 @@ "142.1a" }] AV-ephod 49; 49
    1) ephod
    1a) priestly garment, shoulder-cape or mantle, outer garment
    1a1) worn by an ordinary priest and made of white stuff
    1a2) worn by the high priest-more costly, woven of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and linen threads provided with shoulder-pieces and a breast piece of like material, ornamented with gems and gold
  27. ↑ Exodus 28:8 And the curious girdle of the ephod, which [is] upon it, shall be of the same, according to the work thereof; [even of] gold, [of] blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen."
  28. ↑ Forgotten and rejected
    1 Samuel 8:7 "And the LORD said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them."
    Jeremiah 2:13 "For my people have committed two evils; they have forsaken me the fountain of living waters, [and] hewed them out cisterns, broken cisterns, that can hold no water."
    Jeremiah 18:15 "Because my people hath forgotten me, they have burned incense to vanity, and they have caused them to stumble in their ways [from] the ancient paths, to walk in paths, [in] a way not cast up;"
    Jeremiah 2:19 "Thine own wickedness shall correct thee, and thy backslidings shall reprove thee: know therefore and see that [it is] an evil [thing] and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the LORD thy God, and that my fear [is] not in thee, saith the Lord GOD of hosts."
    Deuteronomy 8:11 "Beware that thou forget not the LORD thy God, in not keeping his commandments, and his judgments, and his statutes, which I command thee this day:"
    Psalms 74:19 "O deliver not the soul of thy turtledove unto the multitude [of the wicked]: forget not the congregation of thy poor for ever."
    Proverbs 3:1 "My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments:"
    Proverbs 4:5 "Get wisdom, get understanding: forget [it] not; neither decline from the words of my mouth."
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