Pharaoh

What Pharaoh

The earliest instance where the word Pharaoh^[2] is used specifically to address the ruler is in a letter^[3] to Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten), who reigned supposedly from circa 1353 to 1336 BC.

In the Bible we see the term Pharaoh in the Old Testament is said to mean "great house" ^[4] but in the Greek it supposedly meant "his nakedness"^[5].

Amenhotep II

There two Pharaoh's who might qualify. If the Exodus date is around 1446 BC, we could accept Amenhotep II as the pharaoh.

The biblical chronology given by 1 Kings 6, intimates that King Solomon began building the temple 480 years after the Exodus, which gives us a date of 1446 BC.

Amenhotep II's reign followed that of Thutmose III, whose death is traditionally linked to the time when Moses fled Egypt. Amenhotep II reign at an approximate dates from 1455 to 1418 BC which is long reign.

Amenhotep II was not the firstborn son of Thutmose III which means Thutmose III son had died.

They also have Amenhotep II's mummy laying next to his young son who died before him and could succumbed the plague as his first born.

Amenhotep II was also covered in what appear to be healed blisters that could have resulted from an earlier plague.

Amenhotep II did have military campaigns, including one in 1446 BC that seems to be cut short.

Co-regency

Some argue that Thutmose III reigned from approximately 1485 to 1431 BC, which at nearly 54 years also gives a long reign. These date clearly overlaps dates for the reign of Amenhotep II given by some.

A non-Egyptian archeological date referencing foreign slaves making mud bricks dates to the time of Thutmose III, as depicted in the tomb of Rekhmire at Thebes who was vizier of Egypt during the reigns of Thutmose III and Amenhotep II.

Could Moses have been dealing with both Thutmose III and Amenhotep II?

Both Thutmose III and Amenhotep II held the office of Pharaoh, both lost firstborn sons.

At least 20 years of Thutmose III reign, he was merely coregent with Hatshepsut, holding the effective control as the working pharaoh.

Did they rule together as co-regency?

Egyptian were fond of dividing schools, science, military, the priesthood, etc. But also, responsibilities, duties, and authorty to prevent ambitious competition, usurpation, or even assassination.

Hardened hearts

If we understand why God hardened the heart of the Pharaoh, or Pharaohs, we may have a reason to believe there was more time needed for Moses to finish the preparing of the people for freedom. His time in Egypt may have spanned a longer time in Egypt.

Servants of rulers

The people became "servants"^[6] of Pharaoh in:

Genesis 47:25 “And they said, Thou hast saved our lives: let us find grace in the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh’s servants.”

As a noun the Hebrew word דבע AyinBeitDeleth `ebed is translated “servant, manservant, bondman, bondage, and bondservant, and defined as “slave, servant” and even a “subjects” or “worshippers” as in “worshippers of Baal”.

Exodus 10:7 "And Pharaoh’s servants said unto him, How long shall this man be a snare unto us? let the men go, that they may serve the LORD their God: knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed?"
Exodus 11:3 "And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh’s servants, and in the sight of the people."

As servants they were employed by the Pharaoh where a portion of their labor or the value of it was given to his government annually. This was a form of tribute through taxation on labor. By applying for or accepting the welfare of the Pharaoh the people became subjects rather than freemen under God.

Genesis 47:24 “And it shall come to pass in the increase, that ye shall give the fifth [part] unto Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own, for seed of the field, and for your food, and for them of your households, and for food for your little ones.” [This was 20 percent income tax on their labor paid to the government annually.]

During the reign of Thutmose III (circa 1479–1425 BC) in what some call the New Kingdom, after the foreign rule of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period, pharaoh became the form of address for a person who was king.

Some believe that Moses of the Bible should have been the true Thutmose III but was opposed by an illegitimate son propped up by the power elite. Moses had already chosen to lead the people out of the enslaved status of bondage of Egypt to another way to govern themselves as a free nation with the form of a Republic.

History often repeats itself.

Because Israel had sold their brother into bondage they themselves went into bondage because they were not prepared for a predictable famine. Polybius predicted what would happen to Rome and its original republic if the people continued to depend upon welfare provided by a government that exercised authority one over the other in the covetous practices of socialism.

Early in the twentieth century it was predictable what would happen if the power to create money out of credit was granted to a bank called the Federal Reserve. By 1933 the people of the United States were able to waive their right to a portion of their labor in much the same way as the people had done in Egypt^[7] to obtain federal benefits like welfare much like the free bread of Rome and the benefits of the Pharaoh. Desiring benefits at the expense of your neighbor is not love but rather the Roots of the Welfare State.

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Footnotes

↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named schoinos
↑ The word pharaoh ultimately was derived from a compound word represented by the two bilateral hieroglyphs for "house" and "column" pertaining to the whole bureaucracy.
↑ addressed to 'Pharaoh, all life, prosperity, and health!
↑ 06547 ^הערפ^ Par‘oh \@par-o’\@ of Egyptian derivation, Greek 5328 ~φαραω~ having to do with nakedness; n m; AV-Pharaoh 268; 268 Pharaoh= "great house" 1) the common title of the king of Egypt.
↑ 5328 ~Φαραώ~ Pharao \@far-ah-o’\@ of foreign origin 06547 ערפ^, n m AV-Pharaoh 5; 5 Pharaoh =" his nakedness" 1) was a common title of the native kings of Egypt
↑
05650 ^דבע^ ‘ebed AyinBeitDalet \@eh’- bed\@ from 05647 verb serve; n m; AV-servant 744, manservant 23, bondman 21, bondage 10, bondservant 1, on all sides 1; 800
1) slave, servant
1a) slave, servant, man-servant

1b) subjects; metaph., one who gives himself up to another’s will, those whose service is used by Christ in extending and advancing his cause
among men

1c) servants, worshippers (of God)

1d) servant (in special sense as prophets, Levites etc)

1e) servant (of Israel)

1f) servant (as form of address between equals)

The word worshipper does not appear in the Old Testament except as a translation of abad which clearly means to serve. The word for worship is often shachah. Study Aboda
- ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
- ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)
- ד Dalet Selflessness – Charity, back and forth or through a door or pathway, to enter like a fish (Numeric value: 4)
- עֲבָדִ֣ים AlefBeitDaletYod Mem ‘ăḇāḏîm Slavery, bondage
↑ Genesis 47:15 And when money failed in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came unto Joseph, and said, Give us bread: for why should we die in thy presence? for the money faileth.

About the author

Brother Gregory
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[schoinos-1] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named schoinos

[House-hold-2] The word pharaoh ultimately was derived from a compound word represented by the two bilateral hieroglyphs for "house" and "column" pertaining to the whole bureaucracy.

[3] ressed to 'Pharaoh, all life, prosperity, and health!

[Paroh-4] 06547 ^הערפ^ Par‘oh \@par-o’\@ of Egyptian derivation, Greek 5328 ~φαραω~ having to do with nakedness; n m; AV-Pharaoh 268; 268 Pharaoh= "great house" 1) the common title of the king of Egypt.

[5] 5328 ~Φαραώ~ Pharao \@far-ah-o’\@ of foreign origin 06547 ערפ^, n m AV-Pharaoh 5; 5 Pharaoh =" his nakedness" 1) was a common title of the native kings of Egypt

[6] 05650 ^דבע^ ‘ebed AyinBeitDalet \@eh’- bed\@ from 05647 verb serve; n m; AV-servant 744, manservant 23, bondman 21, bondage 10, bondservant 1, on all sides 1; 800
1) slave, servant
1a) slave, servant, man-servant

1b) subjects; metaph., one who gives himself up to another’s will, those whose service is used by Christ in extending and advancing his cause
among men

1c) servants, worshippers (of God)

1d) servant (in special sense as prophets, Levites etc)

1e) servant (of Israel)

1f) servant (as form of address between equals)

The word worshipper does not appear in the Old Testament except as a translation of abad which clearly means to serve. The word for worship is often shachah. Study Aboda

ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)

ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)

ד Dalet Selflessness – Charity, back and forth or through a door or pathway, to enter like a fish (Numeric value: 4)

עֲבָדִ֣ים AlefBeitDaletYod Mem ‘ăḇāḏîm Slavery, bondage

[7] ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)

[8] ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)

[9] ד Dalet Selflessness – Charity, back and forth or through a door or pathway, to enter like a fish (Numeric value: 4)

[10] עֲבָדִ֣ים AlefBeitDaletYod Mem ‘ăḇāḏîm Slavery, bondage

[7] Genesis 47:15 And when money failed in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came unto Joseph, and said, Give us bread: for why should we die in thy presence? for the money faileth.

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Pharaoh

Contents

What Pharaoh

Amenhotep II

Co-regency

Hardened hearts

Servants of rulers

Footnotes

About the author

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Pharaoh

What Pharaoh

Amenhotep II

Co-regency

Hardened hearts

Servants of rulers

Footnotes

About the author

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