Circumcise: Difference between revisions
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| '''Comments''' | | [[File:circum.jpg|center|250xp|thumb|Was [[Moses]] concerned with the foreskin of the body or the [[lust]] and [[wantonness]] of the heart? Was Moses and Jesus in agreement? Are we in agreement and understand the circumcision of the heart?<Ref name="c-heart">{{c-heart}}</Ref> ]] | ||
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|'''Comments''' | |||
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| In V10 ''keep(שָׁמַר)<Ref name="shamar">{{08104}}</Ref> ...''. my covenant(בְּרִית)<Ref name ="berith">{{01285}}</Ref> ...''. Keep appears as (תִּשְׁמְר֗וּ) begins with Tav and ending with Vav suggests a spiritual covenant of faith. | | In V10 ''keep(שָׁמַר)<Ref name="shamar">{{08104}}</Ref> ...''. my covenant(בְּרִית)<Ref name ="berith">{{01285}}</Ref> ...''. Keep appears as (תִּשְׁמְר֗וּ) begins with Tav and ending with Vav and covenant spelle ith a different Yod (בְּרִיתִ֞י) suggests a spiritual covenant of ''faith in motion''. | ||
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| In V11 the term "circumcised" is (וּנְמַלְתֶּ֕ם) ''[[Vav]]''NunMemLamed''[[Tav]][[Mem]]''(נָמַל) <Ref name="namal">{{05243}}</Ref> and "when it stands abruptly at the commencement of a sentence, [Ii has] the force of a command"<Ref> (cf. Ewalds 'Hebrew Syntax,'§ 328; Gesenius, 'Grammar,' § 130). Pulpit Commentary</Ref> but the TavMem | | In V11 the term "circumcised" is (וּנְמַלְתֶּ֕ם) ''[[Vav]]''NunMemLamed''[[Tav]][[Mem]]''(נָמַל) <Ref name="namal">{{05243}}</Ref> and "when it stands abruptly at the commencement of a sentence, [Ii has] the force of a command"<Ref> (cf. Ewalds 'Hebrew Syntax,'§ 328; Gesenius, 'Grammar,' § 130). Pulpit Commentary</Ref> but the ''TavMem'' at the beginning of the term "circumcised" expresses the importance of the "faithful" fulfilment of the "Spirit of the covenant" over the physical sign. The spiritual circumcision of the heart was not a new thing spoken of in the doctrine of Christ but was a continuation of the meaning of Moses. | ||
With foreskin being orlah ( | With foreskin being ''orlah''(עָרְלָה)<Ref name="orlah">{{06190}}</Ref> but in text we see (עָרְלַתְכֶ֑ם) with an additional TavKafMem implying the spiritual circumcision of faith. | ||
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| | | This idea we see with the ''circumcision of the heart'' did not begin with [[Jesus]] but with [[Moses]] and the [[prophets]].<Ref name="c-heart">{{c-heart}}</Ref> | ||
|- | |||
| To understand the teachings of Moses we need to realize that Jesus and Moses were in agreement.<Ref>[[Matthew 28]]:20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, [even] unto the end of the world. Amen.</Ref> To understand To understand the significance of this we need to know that it is not our study within the [[tree of knowledge]] but the [[Holy Ghost]] only that can teach us ''all things''. Every one should humbly [[seek]] the [[kingdom of God]] and His [[righteousness]]. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |The Kingdom was taken<Ref>[[Matthew 21]]:43 Therefore say I unto you, The [[kingdom of God]] shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the [[fruits]] thereof.</Ref> from the [[Pharisees]] because of their [[sophistry]] concerning the [[Altars]] of [[Clay and Stone]], the [[Corban]] of the Pharisees which was the antitheses of [[legal charity]] and the [[covetous practices]] of [[public religion]], and what the corruption of the [[leaven]] was and how one can [[circumcise]] the spirit by letting God write upon their [[heart and mind]]. Many may have unmoored the meaning from the message and turned the [[rituals and ceremonies]] and their [[private interpretation]] into [[idols]] of [[adultery]] and [[fornication]] returning again to the [[bondage of Egypt]] while with their lips they cry [[Lord Lord|LORD, LORD]]. | ||
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| '''Questions''' | | '''Questions''' | ||
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| | | Did the [[pharisees]] prefer the circumcision of the flesh over the circumcision of the heart?<Ref name="c-heart">{{c-heart}}</Ref> | ||
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== Old Testament == | |||
=== To circumcise === | |||
Genesis 17:12 And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised <04135> among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which [is] not of thy seed. 13 He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs <04135> be circumcised <04135>: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.14 And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not | : [[Genesis 17]]:10 "This [is] my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be circumcised <04135>."<Ref name="muwl'>{{04135}}</Ref> ... 12 "And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised <04135> among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which [is] not of thy seed. 13 He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs <04135> be circumcised <04135>: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.14 And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not [[circumcise]]d <04135>, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant." | ||
There are many [[metaphor]]s and [[allegory|allegories]] in the Hebrew text that are seen as litteral by modern religionists including: | |||
[[Leaven]], [[altars]], [[steps]], un[[hewn]], [[breeches]], and many more words including the word [[religion]] itself. | |||
What was circumcision really about? | |||
Circumcision was not exclusive to Israelites but was a practice of other nation, although may have been exclusive to priest class. | |||
It was merely an outward sign of a commitment and dedication to a ''spiritual covenant<Ref name="berith'>{{01285}}</Ref>''. | |||
Understanding the true roll that [[priests]] and the [[altars]] and [[temples]] fulfilled in the function of and preservation of society is essential to maintain the health and freedom of the people. | |||
In | === In the flesh or spirit === | ||
: "The flesh was cast away that the spirit might grow strong;"<Ref>"(V10) Shall be circumcised.—It is stated by Herodotus (Book ii. 104) that the Egyptians were circumcised, and that the Syrians in Palestine confessed that they learned this practice from the Egyptians. Origen, however, seems to limit circumcision to the priesthood (Epist. ad Rom., § ii. 13); and the statement of Herodotus is not only very loose, but his date is too far posterior to the time of Abram for us to be able to place implicit confidence in it. If we turn to the evidence of Egyptian monuments and of the mummies, we find proof of the rite having become general in Egypt only in quite recent times. The discussion is, however, merely of archaeological importance; for circumcision was just as appropriate a sign of the covenant if borrowed from institutions already existing as if then used for the first time. It is, moreover, an acknowledged fact that the Bible is always true to the local colouring. Chaldæan influence is predominant in those early portions of Genesis which we owe to Abram, a citizen of Ur of the Chaldees; his life and surroundings subsequently are those of an Arab sheik; while Egyptian influence is strongly marked in the latter part of Genesis, and in the history of the Exodus from that country. In this fact we have a sufficient answer to the theories which would bring down the composition of the Pentateuch to a late period: for the author would certainly have written in accordance with the facts and ideas of his own times. If, however, Abram had seen circumcision in Egypt, when the famine drove him thither, and had learned the significance of the rite, and that the idea of it was connected with moral purity, there was in this even a reason why God should choose it as the outward sign of the sacrament which He was now bestowing upon the patriarch.<Br> | |||
The fitness of circumcision to be a sign of entering into a covenant, and especially into one to which children were to be admitted, consisted in its being a representation of a new birth by the putting off of the old man, and the dedication of the new man unto holiness. The flesh was cast away that the spirit might grow strong; and the change of name in Abram and Sarai was typical of this change of condition. They had been born again, and so must again be named. And though women could not indeed be admitted directly into the covenant, yet they shared in its privileges by virtue of their consanguinity to the men, who were as sponsors for them; and thus Sarai changes her name equally with her husband." Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers.</Ref> | |||
Circumcision of the flesh was an outward sign of their personal commitment and dedication which may have become more important to the people who only saw things physically, being blind to the things of the Spirit. | |||
If the spirit did not grow then the cutting of flesh was to no avail. The evidence of the spirit should be seen in the deeds of [[righteousness]]. | |||
If we will not eat of the [[tree of life]] but only of the [[tree of knowledge]] the we will hate the light and our eyes will be darkened. | |||
=== More appearance in the text === | |||
Genesis 17:27 And all the men of his house, born in the house, and bought with money of the stranger, were circumcised <04135> with him. | : [[Genesis 17]]:23 "And Abraham took Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his house, and all that were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham’s house; and circumcised <04135><Ref name="muwl'>{{04135}}</Ref> the flesh of their foreskin in the selfsame day, as God had said unto him. 24 And Abraham [was] ninety years old and nine, when he was circumcised <04135> in the flesh of his foreskin. 25 And Ishmael his son [was] thirteen years old, when he was circumcised <04135> in the flesh of his foreskin. 26 In the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised <04135>, and Ishmael his son. 27 And all the men of his house, born in the house, and bought with money of the stranger, were circumcised <04135> with him." | ||
Genesis 21:4 And Abraham circumcised <04135> his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him. | Genesis 21:4 And Abraham circumcised <04135> his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him. | ||
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Psalms 37:2 For they shall soon be cut down <05243> like the grass, and wither as the green herb. | Psalms 37:2 For they shall soon be cut down <05243> like the grass, and wither as the green herb. | ||
== Josephus and Aristotle == | |||
[[Josephus]] while quoting [[Aristotle]] on his Against Apion tells us that: | |||
<blockquote> | |||
"Herodotus of Halicarnassus unacquainted with our nation, but mentions it after a way of his own, when he saith thus, in the second book concerning the Colchians. His words are these: "The only people who were circumcised in their privy members originally, were the Colchians, the Egyptians, and the Ethiopians; but the Phoenicians and those Syrians that are in Palestine confess that they learned it from the Egyptians. And for those Syrians who live about the rivers Thermodon and Parthenius, and their neighbors the Macrones, they say they have lately learned it from the Colchians; for these are the only people that are circumcised among mankind, and appear to have done the very same thing with the Egyptians. But as for the Egyptians and Ethiopians themselves, I am not able to say which of them received it from the other." This therefore is what Herodotus says, that "the Syrians that are in Palestine are [[circumcise]]d." But there are no inhabitants of Palestine that are [[circumcise]]d excepting the Jews; and therefore it must be his knowledge of them that enabled him to speak so much concerning them."<Ref name="AgainstApion">Flavius Josephus, Against Apion, 1.22, 161; translated William Whiston, A.M., Ed.</Ref> | |||
</blockquote> | |||
== New Testament == | == New Testament == | ||
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Colossians 2:11 In whom also ye are circumcised <4059> with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ: | Colossians 2:11 In whom also ye are circumcised <4059> with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ: | ||
== Mutilare genitalia == | |||
According to the ''Vita Hadriani'' there was a revolt to an imperial edict (quod vetabantur mutilare genitalia) forbidding circumcision . Hadrian had renewed a former statutory prohibition about castration where the practice was interpreted to include circumcision. It was about the abuse of slaves and Jewish circumcision. | |||
Antoninus Pius (a.d. 138) issue decrees that specifically permitted religious practices to circumcise children, while still forbidding circumcision to others. The political leader of 132 A.D. were looking for reasons to revolt. | |||
Simon ben Kosibah (Koziba, "''son of the lie''") also called Simon bar Kokhba, <Ref name="Kokhba">Aramaic bar kôkebâ, "''the son of the star''". Rabbi Akiba ben Joseph, see Jerusalem Talmud, Ta’anith 4.68d</Ref> was one of those political and military commander of the Jewish second revolt. Some Jewish leader supported the revolt and regarded Simon as a messiah having rejected the teachings of the other king one Jesus and saw Simon as a prophet of [[Balaam]]<Ref name="Errorbn">{{Errorbn}}</Ref> quoting [[Numbers 24]].17 "there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel". | |||
Simon bar Kokhba <Ref>Simon bar Kokhba (Aramaic kôkebâ) is the only form we see Christian writers like [[Justin the Martyr]], Apol. 1.31 and [[Eusebius]], Hist. Eccl. 4.6.2.</Ref> was considered to be a messiah by some and associated with [[Balaam]] by others. During the second Jewish revolt against Rome Christian Jews often lived amongst other Jews. | |||
The Apology written to Antonius Pius by [[Justin the Martyr]] was not only making a distinction between Christian religious practices and Rome but also between followers of [[The Way]] of Christ and other Jews. Paul made many statements that neither required nor forbid circumcision. It was the ''circumcision of the heart'' that causes the faithful to abandon the error and [[appetite]]s of [[Balaam]].<Ref name="Errorbn">{{Errorbn}}</Ref> | |||
The blind guides of Simon bar Kokhba lived in the [[darkness]] of their [[ideology]] as many do today. An unforgiving heart keeps [[faith]], [[hope]], and [[charity]] at bay where people are more willing to sacrifice others than themselves. | |||
During the Revolt the coins and many documents recently recovered reveal that the conflict was dedicated to the "liberation of Jerusalem" and the "redemption of Israel" but the means and method that was guided by the spirit that dwelt in heart and mind of the people sealed its fate | |||
That spirit was evident in the reasons such as Hadrian's original inclusion of that prohibition of circumcision but also his attempt to build a temple of Jupiter in Jerusalem including a shrine on the temple mount.<Ref>Dio Cassius (Roman History 69.12.1–2) tells us of an attempt to build a Greco-Roman city (Aelia Capitolina) on the site of Jerusalem with a shrine to Jupiter on the ruins of the Temple of Yahweh.</Ref> | |||
Simon Bar Kokhba did promote a complex administrative machinery through top down division of Judea similar to what the Romans had used in the regions. After seizing Jerusalem, he never fought the Romans except in ''guerrilla-type warfare'' from villages to outposts. He virtually rented out the fertile to farmers as share croppers who were obliged to pay an annual tax/rent into the "treasury of the Prince of Israel at Herodium"<Ref>Murabbaat Documents. 24 D 17–18</Ref> which were ''government granaries''. | |||
<center>'''"I shall put fetters on your feet"''' – Simon Bar Kokhba</center> | |||
His promise of liberation was not setting the [[captive]] free but delivering them back into the [[bondage of Egypt]]. He was concerned about circumcision of the flesh, [[graven images]] and the observance of the [[sabbath]], the Feast of booths, but also the arrest of individuals, and the seizure of their property. He did not understand that [[covet]]ousness is [[idolatry]].<Ref name="c-heart">{{c-heart}}</Ref> He was not following the way of [[Moses]] but was building a [[cities of blood|city of blood]]<Ref name="cityblood">{{cityblood}}</Ref> like the [[Corban]] of the [[Pharisees]] and [[Herod]]. | |||
Christian wrote of persecutions and torture of Christians who refused to join or support his orthodoxy or his revolution. ([[Justin the Martyr]], Apol. 1.31; [[Eusebius]], Chronicon 283; Die griechischen christlichen Schrift steller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte 47.201). | |||
Local governors could not stop his revolt but Hadrian recalled General Sextus Julius Severus from Britain. He would siege them in the caves of the wadies Murabba’āt, Seiyâl, and Habra which have not produced archeological treasures. | |||
Those who followed Simon Bar Kokhba suffered what they had sown for "The siege lasted a long time before the rebels were driven to final destruction by famine and thirst, and the instigator of their madness paid the penalty he deserved".<Ref name="EusHisEcc">[[Eusebius]], Historia Ecclesiastica. 4.6.3.</Ref> persecuting and torturing the Christians who would not join his uprising ([[Justin the Martyr]], Apol. 1.31; [[Eusebius]], Chronicon 283; Die griechischen christlichen Schrift steller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte 47.201). | |||
This would result in Hadrian razing Jerusalem to the ground again so he could build Aelia Capitolina and decreeing, "that the whole [Jewish] nation should be absolutely prevented from that time on from entering even the district around Jerusalem, so that not even from a distance could it see its ancestral home"<Ref name="EusHisEcc"></Ref> | |||
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==Footnotes== | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Sophistry]] | |||
[[Category:Topics]] | |||
[[Category:Words]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:00, 17 June 2024
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| Comments |
| In V10 keep(שָׁמַר)[2] .... my covenant(בְּרִית)[3] .... Keep appears as (תִּשְׁמְר֗וּ) begins with Tav and ending with Vav and covenant spelle ith a different Yod (בְּרִיתִ֞י) suggests a spiritual covenant of faith in motion. |
| In V11 the term "circumcised" is (וּנְמַלְתֶּ֕ם) VavNunMemLamedTavMem(נָמַל) [4] and "when it stands abruptly at the commencement of a sentence, [Ii has] the force of a command"[5] but the TavMem at the beginning of the term "circumcised" expresses the importance of the "faithful" fulfilment of the "Spirit of the covenant" over the physical sign. The spiritual circumcision of the heart was not a new thing spoken of in the doctrine of Christ but was a continuation of the meaning of Moses.
With foreskin being orlah(עָרְלָה)[6] but in text we see (עָרְלַתְכֶ֑ם) with an additional TavKafMem implying the spiritual circumcision of faith. |
| This idea we see with the circumcision of the heart did not begin with Jesus but with Moses and the prophets.[1] |
| To understand the teachings of Moses we need to realize that Jesus and Moses were in agreement.[7] To understand To understand the significance of this we need to know that it is not our study within the tree of knowledge but the Holy Ghost only that can teach us all things. Every one should humbly seek the kingdom of God and His righteousness. |
| The Kingdom was taken[8] from the Pharisees because of their sophistry concerning the Altars of Clay and Stone, the Corban of the Pharisees which was the antitheses of legal charity and the covetous practices of public religion, and what the corruption of the leaven was and how one can circumcise the spirit by letting God write upon their heart and mind. Many may have unmoored the meaning from the message and turned the rituals and ceremonies and their private interpretation into idols of adultery and fornication returning again to the bondage of Egypt while with their lips they cry LORD, LORD. |
| Questions |
| Did the pharisees prefer the circumcision of the flesh over the circumcision of the heart?[1] |
Old Testament
To circumcise
- Genesis 17:10 "This [is] my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be circumcised <04135>."[9] ... 12 "And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised <04135> among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which [is] not of thy seed. 13 He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs <04135> be circumcised <04135>: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.14 And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised <04135>, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant."
There are many metaphors and allegories in the Hebrew text that are seen as litteral by modern religionists including:
Leaven, altars, steps, unhewn, breeches, and many more words including the word religion itself.
What was circumcision really about?
Circumcision was not exclusive to Israelites but was a practice of other nation, although may have been exclusive to priest class.
It was merely an outward sign of a commitment and dedication to a spiritual covenant[10].
Understanding the true roll that priests and the altars and temples fulfilled in the function of and preservation of society is essential to maintain the health and freedom of the people.
In the flesh or spirit
- "The flesh was cast away that the spirit might grow strong;"[11]
Circumcision of the flesh was an outward sign of their personal commitment and dedication which may have become more important to the people who only saw things physically, being blind to the things of the Spirit.
If the spirit did not grow then the cutting of flesh was to no avail. The evidence of the spirit should be seen in the deeds of righteousness.
If we will not eat of the tree of life but only of the tree of knowledge the we will hate the light and our eyes will be darkened.
More appearance in the text
- Genesis 17:23 "And Abraham took Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his house, and all that were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham’s house; and circumcised <04135>[9] the flesh of their foreskin in the selfsame day, as God had said unto him. 24 And Abraham [was] ninety years old and nine, when he was circumcised <04135> in the flesh of his foreskin. 25 And Ishmael his son [was] thirteen years old, when he was circumcised <04135> in the flesh of his foreskin. 26 In the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised <04135>, and Ishmael his son. 27 And all the men of his house, born in the house, and bought with money of the stranger, were circumcised <04135> with him."
Genesis 21:4 And Abraham circumcised <04135> his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him.
Genesis 34:15 But in this will we consent unto you: If ye will be as we [be], that every male of you be circumcised <04135>;
Genesis 34:17 But if ye will not hearken unto us, to be circumcised <04135>; then will we take our daughter, and we will be gone.
Genesis 34:22 Only herein will the men consent unto us for to dwell with us, to be one people, if every male among us be circumcised <04135>, as they [are] circumcised <04135>.
Genesis 34:24 And unto Hamor and unto Shechem his son hearkened all that went out of the gate of his city; and every male was circumcised <04135>, all that went out of the gate of his city.
Exodus 12:44 But every man’s servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised <04135> him, then shall he eat thereof.
Exodus 12:48 And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised <04135>, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.
Leviticus 12:3 And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised <04135>.
Deuteronomy 10:16 Circumcise <04135> therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked.
Deuteronomy 30:6 And the LORD thy God will circumcise <04135> thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live.
Joshua 5:2 At that time the LORD said unto Joshua, Make thee sharp knives, and circumcise <04135> again the children of Israel the second time.
Joshua 5:3 And Joshua made him sharp knives, and circumcised <04135> the children of Israel at the hill of the foreskins.
Joshua 5:4 And this [is] the cause why Joshua did circumcise <04135>: All the people that came out of Egypt, [that were] males, [even] all the men of war, died in the wilderness by the way, after they came out of Egypt.
Joshua 5:5 Now all the people that came out were circumcised <04135>: but all the people [that were] born in the wilderness by the way as they came forth out of Egypt, [them] they had not circumcised <04135>.
Joshua 5:7 And their children, [whom] he raised up in their stead, them Joshua circumcised <04135>: for they were uncircumcised, because they had not circumcised <04135> them by the way.
Joshua 5:8 And it came to pass, when they had done circumcising <04135> all the people, that they abode in their places in the camp, till they were whole.
Psalms 58:7 Let them melt away as waters [which] run continually: [when] he bendeth [his bow to shoot] his arrows, let them be as cut in pieces <04135>.
Psalms 90:6 In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth up; in the evening it is cut down <04135>, and withereth.
Psalms 118:10 All nations compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD will I destroy <04135> them.
Psalms 118:11 They compassed me about; yea, they compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD I will destroy <04135> them.
Psalms 118:12 They compassed me about like bees; they are quenched as the fire of thorns: for in the name of the LORD I will destroy <04135> them.
Jeremiah 4:4 Circumcise <04135> yourselves to the LORD, and take away the foreskins of your heart, ye men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem: lest my fury come forth like fire, and burn that none can quench [it], because of the evil of your doings.
Jeremiah 9:25 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will punish all [them which are] circumcised <04135> with the uncircumcised;
namal
Genesis 17:11 And ye shall circumcise <05243>[4] the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you.
Job 14:2 He cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down <05243>: he fleeth also as a shadow, and continueth not.
Job 18:16 His roots shall be dried up beneath, and above shall his branch be cut off <05243>.
Job 24:24 They are exalted for a little while, but are gone and brought low; they are taken out of the way as all [other], and cut off <05243> as the tops of the ears of corn.
Psalms 37:2 For they shall soon be cut down <05243> like the grass, and wither as the green herb.
Josephus and Aristotle
Josephus while quoting Aristotle on his Against Apion tells us that:
"Herodotus of Halicarnassus unacquainted with our nation, but mentions it after a way of his own, when he saith thus, in the second book concerning the Colchians. His words are these: "The only people who were circumcised in their privy members originally, were the Colchians, the Egyptians, and the Ethiopians; but the Phoenicians and those Syrians that are in Palestine confess that they learned it from the Egyptians. And for those Syrians who live about the rivers Thermodon and Parthenius, and their neighbors the Macrones, they say they have lately learned it from the Colchians; for these are the only people that are circumcised among mankind, and appear to have done the very same thing with the Egyptians. But as for the Egyptians and Ethiopians themselves, I am not able to say which of them received it from the other." This therefore is what Herodotus says, that "the Syrians that are in Palestine are circumcised." But there are no inhabitants of Palestine that are circumcised excepting the Jews; and therefore it must be his knowledge of them that enabled him to speak so much concerning them."[12]
New Testament
peritome
John 7:22 Moses therefore gave unto you circumcision <4061>[13]; (not because it is of Moses, but of the fathers;) and ye on the sabbath day circumcise a man.
John 7:23 If a man on the sabbath day receive circumcision <4061>, that the law of Moses should not be broken; are ye angry at me, because I have made a man every whit whole on the sabbath day?
Acts 7:8 And he gave him the covenant of circumcision <4061>: and so [Abraham] begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac [begat] Jacob; and Jacob [begat] the twelve patriarchs.
Acts 10:45 And they of the circumcision <4061> which believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost.
Acts 11:2 And when Peter was come up to Jerusalem, they that were of the circumcision <4061> contended with him,
Romans 2:25 For circumcision <4061> verily profiteth, if thou keep the law: but if thou be a breaker of the law, thy circumcision <4061> is made uncircumcision.
Romans 2:26 Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision <4061>?
Romans 2:27 And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision <4061> dost transgress the law?
Romans 2:28 For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither [is that] circumcision <4061>, which is outward in the flesh:
Romans 2:29 But he [is] a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision <4061> [is that] of the heart, in the spirit, [and] not in the letter; whose praise [is] not of men, but of God.
Romans 3:1 What advantage then hath the Jew? or what profit [is there] of circumcision <4061>?
Romans 3:30 Seeing [it is] one God, which shall justify the circumcision <4061> by faith, and uncircumcision through faith.
Romans 4:9 [Cometh] this blessedness then upon the circumcision <4061> [only], or upon the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.
Romans 4:10 How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision <4061>, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision <4061>, but in uncircumcision.
Romans 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision <4061>, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which [he had yet] being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:
Romans 4:12 And the father of circumcision <4061> to them who are not of the circumcision <4061> only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which [he had] being [yet] uncircumcised.
Romans 15:8 Now I say that Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision <4061> for the truth of God, to confirm the promises [made] unto the fathers:
1 Corinthians 7:19 Circumcision <4061> is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God.
Galatians 2:7 But contrariwise, when they saw that the gospel of the uncircumcision was committed unto me, as [the gospel] of the circumcision <4061> [was] unto Peter; 2:8 (For he that wrought effectually in Peter to the apostleship of the circumcision <4061>, the same was mighty in me toward the Gentiles:)
Galatians 2:9 And when James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that was given unto me, they gave to me and Barnabas the right hands of fellowship; that we [should go] unto the heathen, and they unto the circumcision <4061>.
Galatians 2:12 For before that certain came from James, he did eat with the Gentiles: but when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing them which were of the circumcision <4061>.
Galatians 5:6 For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision <4061> availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision; but faith which worketh by love.
Galatians 5:11 And I, brethren, if I yet preach circumcision <4061>, why do I yet suffer persecution? then is the offence of the cross ceased.
Galatians 6:15 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision <4061> availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision, but a new creature.
Ephesians 2:11 Wherefore remember, that ye [being] in time past Gentiles in the flesh, who are called Uncircumcision by that which is called the Circumcision <4061> in the flesh made by hands;
Philippians 3:3 For we are the circumcision <4061>, which worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh.
Philippians 3:5 Circumcised <4061> the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, [of] the tribe of Benjamin, an Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee;
Colossians 2:11 In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision <4061> made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision <4061> of Christ:
Colossians 3:11 Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision <4061> nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond [nor] free: but Christ [is] all, and in all.
Colossians 4:11 And Jesus, which is called Justus, who are of the circumcision <4061>. These only [are my] fellowworkers unto the kingdom of God, which have been a comfort unto me.
Titus 1:10 For there are many unruly and vain talkers and deceivers, specially they of the circumcision <4061>:
peritemno
Luke 1:59 And it came to pass, that on the eighth day they came to circumcise <4059>[14] the child; and they called him Zacharias, after the name of his father.
Luke 2:21 And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising <4059> of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
John 7:22 Moses therefore gave unto you circumcision; (not because it is of Moses, but of the fathers;) and ye <4059> on the sabbath day circumcise <4059> a man.
Acts 7:8 And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so [Abraham] begat Isaac, and circumcised <4059> him the eighth day; and Isaac [begat] Jacob; and Jacob [begat] the twelve patriarchs.
Acts 15:1 And certain men which came down from Judaea taught the brethren, [and said], Except ye be circumcised <4059> after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.
Acts 15:5 But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise <4059> them, and to command [them] to keep the law of Moses.
Acts 15:24 Forasmuch as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, [Ye must] be circumcised <4059>, and keep the law: to whom we gave no [such] commandment:
Acts 16:3 Him would Paul have to go forth with him; and took and circumcised <4059> him because of the Jews which were in those quarters: for they knew all that his father was a Greek.
Acts 21:21 And they are informed of thee, that thou teachest all the Jews which are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, saying that they ought <4059> not to circumcise <4059> [their] children, neither to walk after the customs.
1 Corinthians 7:18 Is any man called being circumcised <4059>? let him not become uncircumcised. Is any called in uncircumcision? let him <4059> not be circumcised <4059>.
Galatians 2:3 But neither Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised <4059>:
Galatians 5:2 Behold, I Paul say unto you, that if ye be circumcised <4059>, Christ shall profit you nothing.
Galatians 5:3 For I testify again to every man that is circumcised <4059>, that he is a debtor to do the whole law.
Galatians 6:12 As many as desire to make a fair shew in the flesh, they constrain you to be circumcised <4059>; only lest they should suffer persecution for the cross of Christ.
Galatians 6:13 For neither they themselves who are circumcised <4059> keep the law; but desire to have <4059> you circumcised <4059>, that they may glory in your flesh.
Colossians 2:11 In whom also ye are circumcised <4059> with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ:
Mutilare genitalia
According to the Vita Hadriani there was a revolt to an imperial edict (quod vetabantur mutilare genitalia) forbidding circumcision . Hadrian had renewed a former statutory prohibition about castration where the practice was interpreted to include circumcision. It was about the abuse of slaves and Jewish circumcision.
Antoninus Pius (a.d. 138) issue decrees that specifically permitted religious practices to circumcise children, while still forbidding circumcision to others. The political leader of 132 A.D. were looking for reasons to revolt.
Simon ben Kosibah (Koziba, "son of the lie") also called Simon bar Kokhba, [15] was one of those political and military commander of the Jewish second revolt. Some Jewish leader supported the revolt and regarded Simon as a messiah having rejected the teachings of the other king one Jesus and saw Simon as a prophet of Balaam[16] quoting Numbers 24.17 "there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel".
Simon bar Kokhba [17] was considered to be a messiah by some and associated with Balaam by others. During the second Jewish revolt against Rome Christian Jews often lived amongst other Jews.
The Apology written to Antonius Pius by Justin the Martyr was not only making a distinction between Christian religious practices and Rome but also between followers of The Way of Christ and other Jews. Paul made many statements that neither required nor forbid circumcision. It was the circumcision of the heart that causes the faithful to abandon the error and appetites of Balaam.[16]
The blind guides of Simon bar Kokhba lived in the darkness of their ideology as many do today. An unforgiving heart keeps faith, hope, and charity at bay where people are more willing to sacrifice others than themselves.
During the Revolt the coins and many documents recently recovered reveal that the conflict was dedicated to the "liberation of Jerusalem" and the "redemption of Israel" but the means and method that was guided by the spirit that dwelt in heart and mind of the people sealed its fate
That spirit was evident in the reasons such as Hadrian's original inclusion of that prohibition of circumcision but also his attempt to build a temple of Jupiter in Jerusalem including a shrine on the temple mount.[18]
Simon Bar Kokhba did promote a complex administrative machinery through top down division of Judea similar to what the Romans had used in the regions. After seizing Jerusalem, he never fought the Romans except in guerrilla-type warfare from villages to outposts. He virtually rented out the fertile to farmers as share croppers who were obliged to pay an annual tax/rent into the "treasury of the Prince of Israel at Herodium"[19] which were government granaries.
His promise of liberation was not setting the captive free but delivering them back into the bondage of Egypt. He was concerned about circumcision of the flesh, graven images and the observance of the sabbath, the Feast of booths, but also the arrest of individuals, and the seizure of their property. He did not understand that covetousness is idolatry.[1] He was not following the way of Moses but was building a city of blood[20] like the Corban of the Pharisees and Herod.
Christian wrote of persecutions and torture of Christians who refused to join or support his orthodoxy or his revolution. (Justin the Martyr, Apol. 1.31; Eusebius, Chronicon 283; Die griechischen christlichen Schrift steller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte 47.201).
Local governors could not stop his revolt but Hadrian recalled General Sextus Julius Severus from Britain. He would siege them in the caves of the wadies Murabba’āt, Seiyâl, and Habra which have not produced archeological treasures.
Those who followed Simon Bar Kokhba suffered what they had sown for "The siege lasted a long time before the rebels were driven to final destruction by famine and thirst, and the instigator of their madness paid the penalty he deserved".[21] persecuting and torturing the Christians who would not join his uprising (Justin the Martyr, Apol. 1.31; Eusebius, Chronicon 283; Die griechischen christlichen Schrift steller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte 47.201).
This would result in Hadrian razing Jerusalem to the ground again so he could build Aelia Capitolina and decreeing, "that the whole [Jewish] nation should be absolutely prevented from that time on from entering even the district around Jerusalem, so that not even from a distance could it see its ancestral home"[21]
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Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Circumcision from the beginning
- Leviticus 26:41 And [that] I also have walked contrary unto them, and have brought them into the land of their enemies; if then their uncircumcised hearts be humbled, and they then accept of the punishment of their iniquity:
- Deuteronomy 10:16 Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked.
- Deuteronomy 30:6 And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live.
- Jeremiah 4:4 Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and take away the foreskins of your heart, ye men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem: lest my fury come forth like fire, and burn that none can quench [it], because of the evil of your doings.
- Jeremiah 4:14 O Jerusalem, wash thine heart from wickedness, that thou mayest be saved. How long shall thy vain thoughts lodge within thee?
- Jeremiah 9:26 Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all [that are] in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all [these] nations [are] uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel [are] uncircumcised in the heart.
- Romans 2:27 And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law? 28 For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither [is that] circumcision, which is outward in the flesh: 29 But he [is] a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision [is that] of the heart, in the spirit, [and] not in the letter; whose praise [is] not of men, but of God.
- Colossians 2:11 In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ:
- Jeremiah 4:14 O Jerusalem, wash thine heart from wickedness, that thou mayest be saved. How long shall thy vain thoughts lodge within thee?
- Matthew 23:25 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess. 26 [Thou] blind Pharisee, cleanse first that [which is] within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also. 27 Woe unto you, , scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead [men’s] bones, and of all uncleanness. 28 Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.
- ↑ 08104 שָׁמַר shamar [shaw-mar’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-1036a] [{See TWOT on 2414 }] AV-keep 283, observe 46, heed 35, keeper 28, preserve 21, beware 9, mark 8, watchman 8, wait 7, watch 7, regard 5, save 2, misc 9; 468
- 1) to keep, guard, observe, give heed
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to keep, have charge of
- 1a2) to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life
- 1a2a) watch, watchman (participle)
- 1a3) to watch for, wait for
- 1a4) to watch, observe
- 1a5) to keep, retain, treasure up (in memory)
- 1a6) to keep (within bounds), restrain
- 1a7) to observe, celebrate, keep (sabbath or covenant or commands), perform (vow)
- 1a8) to keep, preserve, protect
- 1a9) to keep, reserve
- 1b) (Niphal)
- 1b1) to be on one’s guard, take heed, take care, beware
- 1b2) to keep oneself, refrain, abstain
- 1b3) to be kept, be guarded
- 1c) (Piel) to keep, pay heed
- 1d) (Hithpael) to keep oneself from
- ↑ 01285 בְּרִית BeitReishYodTav bëriyth [ber-eeth’] from 01262 BeitReishHey meaning eat, consume or choose(in the sense of cutting [like 01254]); n f; [BDB-136a] [{See TWOT on 282 @@ "282a" }] AV-covenant 264, league 17, confederacy 1, confederate 1, confederate + 01167 1; 284
- 1) covenant, alliance, pledge
- 1a) between men
- 1a1) treaty, alliance, league (man to man)
- 1a2) constitution, ordinance (monarch to subjects)
- 1a3) agreement, pledge (man to man)
- 1a4) alliance (of friendship)
- 1a5) alliance (of marriage)
- 1b) between God and man
- 1b1) alliance (of friendship)
- 1b2) covenant (divine ordinance with signs or pledges)
- 1a) between men
- 2) (phrases)
- 2a) covenant making
- 2b) covenant keeping
- 2c) covenant violation
- ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)
- ר Reish Process of Clarification The "head" or "beginning". Life's revelation. [Head... Person head highest] (Numeric value: 200)
- י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
- ת Tav is a Seal of a Higher kingdom or realm through faith. The paradigm keter–malchut “The Crown of Sovereignty” from the Tree of Life spiritually linking worlds or realms through an unseen doorway of faith. The Aleph & Tav are the first and last letters. [door sign cross seal] (Numeric value: 400)
- 01285 בְּרִית bëriyth, covenant, league, confederacy ; 01287 בֹּרִית boriyth soap (lye or ash used in smelting metal); and as a proper noun 01286 בְּרִית Bëriyth (Baal-berith); a foreign deity worshipped in Shechem (07926 שְׁכֶם meaning shoulder, back and even translated consent)
- 1) covenant, alliance, pledge
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 05243 נָמַל namal [naw-mal’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-576b] [{See TWOT on 1161 }] AV-cut off 2, cut down 2, circumcised 1; 5
- 1) (Qal) to circumcise, become clipped, be circumcised, be cut off Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "namal" defined multiple times with different content
- 1) (Qal) to circumcise, become clipped, be circumcised, be cut off Cite error: Invalid
- ↑ (cf. Ewalds 'Hebrew Syntax,'§ 328; Gesenius, 'Grammar,' § 130). Pulpit Commentary
- ↑ 06190 עָרְלָה ‘orlah [or-law’] AyinReishLamedHey from 06189 עָרֵל ‘arel AyinReishLamed uncircumcised from the verb עָרֵל 06188 count as uncircumsized; n f; [BDB-790a] [{See TWOT on 1695 @@ "1695a" }] AV-foreskin 13, uncircumcised 3; 16
- 1) foreskin, uncircumcised
- ↑ Matthew 28:20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, [even] unto the end of the world. Amen.
- ↑ Matthew 21:43 Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 04135 מוּל muwl [mool] a primitive root MemVavLamed; v; See also 04136; [BDB-557b] [{See TWOT on 1161 }] AV-circumcise 30, destroy 3, cut down 1, needs 1, cut in pieces 1; 36
- 1) to circumcise, let oneself be circumcised, cut, be cut off
- 1a) (Qal) to circumcise
- 1b) (Niphal) to be circumcised, circumcise oneself
- 1c) (Hiphil) to cause to be circumcised
- 1c1) of destruction (fig.)
- 1d) (Hithpolel) to be cut off
- 1e) (Polel) cut down
- 1) to circumcise, let oneself be circumcised, cut, be cut off
- ↑ 01285 בְּרִית BeitReishYodTav bëriyth [ber-eeth’] from 01262 BeitReishHey meaning eat, consume or choose(in the sense of cutting [like 01254]); n f; [BDB-136a] [{See TWOT on 282 @@ "282a" }] AV-covenant 264, league 17, confederacy 1, confederate 1, confederate + 01167 1; 284
- 1) covenant, alliance, pledge
- 1a) between men
- 1a1) treaty, alliance, league (man to man)
- 1a2) constitution, ordinance (monarch to subjects)
- 1a3) agreement, pledge (man to man)
- 1a4) alliance (of friendship)
- 1a5) alliance (of marriage)
- 1b) between God and man
- 1b1) alliance (of friendship)
- 1b2) covenant (divine ordinance with signs or pledges)
- 1a) between men
- 2) (phrases)
- 2a) covenant making
- 2b) covenant keeping
- 2c) covenant violation
- ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)
- ר Reish Process of Clarification The "head" or "beginning". Life's revelation. [Head... Person head highest] (Numeric value: 200)
- י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
- ת Tav is a Seal of a Higher kingdom or realm through faith. The paradigm keter–malchut “The Crown of Sovereignty” from the Tree of Life spiritually linking worlds or realms through an unseen doorway of faith. The Aleph & Tav are the first and last letters. [door sign cross seal] (Numeric value: 400)
- 01285 בְּרִית bëriyth, covenant, league, confederacy ; 01287 בֹּרִית boriyth soap (lye or ash used in smelting metal); and as a proper noun 01286 בְּרִית Bëriyth (Baal-berith); a foreign deity worshipped in Shechem (07926 שְׁכֶם meaning shoulder, back and even translated consent)
- 1) covenant, alliance, pledge
- ↑ "(V10) Shall be circumcised.—It is stated by Herodotus (Book ii. 104) that the Egyptians were circumcised, and that the Syrians in Palestine confessed that they learned this practice from the Egyptians. Origen, however, seems to limit circumcision to the priesthood (Epist. ad Rom., § ii. 13); and the statement of Herodotus is not only very loose, but his date is too far posterior to the time of Abram for us to be able to place implicit confidence in it. If we turn to the evidence of Egyptian monuments and of the mummies, we find proof of the rite having become general in Egypt only in quite recent times. The discussion is, however, merely of archaeological importance; for circumcision was just as appropriate a sign of the covenant if borrowed from institutions already existing as if then used for the first time. It is, moreover, an acknowledged fact that the Bible is always true to the local colouring. Chaldæan influence is predominant in those early portions of Genesis which we owe to Abram, a citizen of Ur of the Chaldees; his life and surroundings subsequently are those of an Arab sheik; while Egyptian influence is strongly marked in the latter part of Genesis, and in the history of the Exodus from that country. In this fact we have a sufficient answer to the theories which would bring down the composition of the Pentateuch to a late period: for the author would certainly have written in accordance with the facts and ideas of his own times. If, however, Abram had seen circumcision in Egypt, when the famine drove him thither, and had learned the significance of the rite, and that the idea of it was connected with moral purity, there was in this even a reason why God should choose it as the outward sign of the sacrament which He was now bestowing upon the patriarch.
The fitness of circumcision to be a sign of entering into a covenant, and especially into one to which children were to be admitted, consisted in its being a representation of a new birth by the putting off of the old man, and the dedication of the new man unto holiness. The flesh was cast away that the spirit might grow strong; and the change of name in Abram and Sarai was typical of this change of condition. They had been born again, and so must again be named. And though women could not indeed be admitted directly into the covenant, yet they shared in its privileges by virtue of their consanguinity to the men, who were as sponsors for them; and thus Sarai changes her name equally with her husband." Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers. - ↑ Flavius Josephus, Against Apion, 1.22, 161; translated William Whiston, A.M., Ed.
- ↑ 4061 περιτομή peritome [per-it-om-ay’] from 4059; n f; TDNT-6:72,831; [{See TDNT 621 }] AV-circumcision 35, circumcised 1; 36
- 1) circumcised
- 1a) the act or rite of circumcision, "they of the circumcision" is a term used of the Jews
- 1a1) of Christians gathered from among the Jews
- 1a2) the state of circumcision
- 1b) metaph.
- 1b1) of Christians separated from the unclean multitude and truly consecrated to God
- 1b2) the extinction of passions and the removal of spiritual impurity
- 1a) the act or rite of circumcision, "they of the circumcision" is a term used of the Jews
- 1) circumcised
- ↑ 4059 περιτέμνω peritemno [per-ee-tem’-no] from 4012 and the base of 5114; v; TDNT-6:72,831; [{See TDNT 621 }] AV-circumcise 18; 18
- 1) to cut around
- 2) to circumcise
- 2a) cut off one’s prepuce (used of that well known rite by which not only the male children of the Israelites, on the eighth day after birth, but subsequently also "proselytes of righteousness" were consecrated to Jehovah and introduced into the number of his people)
- 2b) to get one’s self circumcised, present one’s self to be circumcised, receive circumcision
- 2c) since by the rite of circumcision a man was separated from the unclean world and dedicated to God, the word is transferred to denote the extinguishing of lusts and the removal of sins
- ↑ Aramaic bar kôkebâ, "the son of the star". Rabbi Akiba ben Joseph, see Jerusalem Talmud, Ta’anith 4.68d
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 The way of error
- 2 Peter 2:15 Which have forsaken the right way, and are gone astray, following the way of Balaam [the son] of Bosor, who loved the wages of unrighteousness;
- Jude 1:11 "Woe unto them! for they have gone in the way of Cain, and ran greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perished in the gainsaying of Core. 12 These are spots(not "unspotted" like Pure Religion) in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you, feeding themselves without fear: clouds [they are] without water, carried about of winds; trees whose fruit withereth, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;"
- Revelation 2:14-17 "But I have a few things against thee, because thou hast there them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a stumblingblock before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed unto idols, and to commit fornication ("to permit one’s self to be drawn away by another into idolatry"). 15 So hast thou also them that hold the doctrine of the Nicolaitans, which thing I hate. 16 Repent; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will fight against them with the sword of my mouth. 17 He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth [it]."
- Ezekiel 16:49 "Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, fulness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy."
- The way of the world is the way of Cain and His city-state, the Corban of the Pharisees and the cities of blood, Nimrod and the Nicolaitan, Babylon and Balaam, Sumer and Sodom, Pharaoh and the foolishness of Saul, and more recently FDR and LBJ and all the welfare States who use legal charity which is not The Way of Christ, the Kingdom of God nor the righteousness of God.
- ↑ Simon bar Kokhba (Aramaic kôkebâ) is the only form we see Christian writers like Justin the Martyr, Apol. 1.31 and Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. 4.6.2.
- ↑ Dio Cassius (Roman History 69.12.1–2) tells us of an attempt to build a Greco-Roman city (Aelia Capitolina) on the site of Jerusalem with a shrine to Jupiter on the ruins of the Temple of Yahweh.
- ↑ Murabbaat Documents. 24 D 17–18
- ↑ Cities of blood
- Exodus 16:3 "And the children of Israel said unto them, Would to God we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, [and] when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger."
- Genesis 11:4 "And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top [may reach] unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth."
- Jeremiah 26:15 "But know ye for certain, that if ye put me to death, ye shall surely bring innocent blood upon yourselves, and upon this city, and upon the inhabitants thereof: for of a truth the LORD hath sent me unto you to speak all these words in your ears."
- Isaiah 45:13 "I have raised him up in righteousness, and I will direct all his ways: he shall build my city, and he shall let go my captives, not for price nor reward, saith the LORD of hosts."
- Ezekiel 11:3 "Which say, [It is] not near; let us build houses: this [city is] the caldron, and we [be] the flesh."
- Ezekiel 7:23 "Make a chain: for the land is full of bloody crimes, and the city is full of violence."
- Ezekiel 9:9 "Then said he unto me, The iniquity of the house of Israel and Judah [is] exceeding great, and the land is full of blood, and the city full of perverseness: for they say, The LORD hath forsaken the earth, and the LORD seeth not."
- Ezekiel 22:2 "Now, thou son of man, wilt thou judge, wilt thou judge the bloody city? yea, thou shalt shew her all her abominations. 3 Then say thou, Thus saith the Lord GOD, The city sheddeth blood in the midst of it, that her time may come, and maketh idols against herself to defile herself."
- Ezekiel 24:6 "Wherefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe to the bloody city, to the pot whose scum [is] therein, and whose scum is not gone out of it! bring it out piece by piece; let no lot fall upon it... 9 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe to the bloody city! I will even make the pile for fire great."
- Hosea 6:8 "Gilead [is] a city of them that work iniquity, [and is] polluted with blood."
- Habakkuk 2:8 “Because thou hast spoiled many nations, all the remnant of the people shall spoil thee; because of men’s blood, and for the violence of the land, of the city, and of all that dwell therein... 12 Woe to him that buildeth a 'town with blood, and stablisheth a city by iniquity!”
- The frequent reference to cities of blood, flesh pots, and a civil cauldron (i.e. One purse) often is associated with a "harlot in the city" as we saw in Amos 7:17. but in Nahum 3:4 it says she "selleth nations through her whoredoms". These are the systems of legal charity that provide a social welfare through governments that exercise authority one over the other entangling the masses in covetous practices which is a trap and a snare and makes the word of God to none effect.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica. 4.6.3.