Daniel 11
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| Comments |
| In John 11:33 Jesus saw the Jews weeping, he groaned [1] in the spirit, and was troubled, [2] |
| This groaning and being troubled in his spirit is a very unique statement and choice of words. ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πνεύματι καὶ ἐτάραξεν ἑαυτόν enebrimísato[1] tó pnéumati kaí etárassen[2] eaftón |
| In Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers we see stated, "The word rendered "groaned" occurs, besides in this verse 33 and John 11:38, three times in the New Testament; including Matthew 9:30 ("and Jesus straitly charged them"); Mark 1:43 ("and He straitly charged him"); and Mark 14:5 ("and they murmured against her")... The original meaning of the word is "to snort, as of horses." Horses snort as a warning to stay back but the term was used to refer to warning or directing an action in the spirit. |
| These words may be used to express a disturbance of the mind or vehement agitation or even "a sharp admonition, in words of anger against a person". But this being Jesus in John 11:33 and 38 expressing himself "in the spirit" what is the effect? |
| There seems to be a point or reason for an inner moral depth of His righteous indignation which may be toward the Jews who are with Mary, some of whom may desire to kill him. Or does it? |
| We see Jesus also "troubled[2] in spirit" in John 13:21 concerning Judas but his speaking it seems as usual, done for the others there. But this troubling does not include the snorting[1] in the spirit as we saw with the Jews in John 11:33 through 38. |
| But the spirit of Christ is not void. So, what is the object of Jesus's "sharp admonition" or "stern warning" and what was its effect? |
| Besides Ellicott's Commentary" we can see David Robert Palmer's translation by examining his analytical footnote #201[3] and the prophetic words of Daniel that this reference to indignation is not like our anger or physical or emotional injunction. |
| This prophetic quote from Daniel 11:30 may allow us to look more deeply into the spiritual power of the kingdom where the same word is used in the Septuagint. |
| In John 11:35 "Jesus wept." Not for Lazarus who shall rise. Then for whom? |
| Who shall we weep for in Daniel 11 which is a prophecy for the future time? |
| Concerning John 11:35 Ellicott's Commentary states, "The word (wept) is different from that which is used to express weeping in John 11:33; but this latter is used of our Lord in Luke 19:41."[4] Has our cities become cities of blood? Has the daily sacrifice of fervent charity of the daily ministration of the early Church been replaced by the legal charity of the rulers who exercise authority offering their tables of dainties to the growing appetite of the masses? |
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The Kings of the South and the North
1 ¶ Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede, even I, stood to confirm and to strengthen him.
2 And now will I shew thee the truth. Behold, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia; and the fourth shall be far richer than they all: and by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Grecia.
3 And a mighty king shall stand up, that shall rule with great dominion, and do according to his will.
4 And when he shall stand up, his kingdom shall be broken, and shall be divided toward the four winds of heaven; and not to his posterity, nor according to his dominion which he ruled: for his kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others beside those.
5 And the king of the south shall be strong, and one of his princes; and he shall be strong above him, and have dominion; his dominion shall be a great dominion.
6 And in the end of years they shall join themselves together; for the king's daughter of the south shall come to the king of the north to make an agreement: but she shall not retain the power of the arm; neither shall he stand, nor his arm: but she shall be given up, and they that brought her, and he that begat her, and he that strengthened her in these times.
7 But out of a branch of her roots shall one stand up in his estate, which shall come with an army, and shall enter into the fortress of the king of the north, and shall deal against them, and shall prevail:
8 And shall also carry captives into Egypt their gods, with their princes, and with their precious vessels of silver and of gold; and he shall continue more years than the king of the north.
9 So the king of the south shall come into his kingdom, and shall return into his own land.
10 But his sons shall be stirred up, and shall assemble a multitude of great forces: and one shall certainly come, and overflow, and pass through: then shall he return, and be stirred up, even to his fortress.
11 And the king of the south shall be moved with choler, and shall come forth and fight with him, even with the king of the north: and he shall set forth a great multitude; but the multitude shall be given into his hand.
12 And when he hath taken away the multitude, his heart shall be lifted up; and he shall cast down many ten thousands: but he shall not be strengthened by it.
13 For the king of the north shall return, and shall set forth a multitude greater than the former, and shall certainly come after certain years with a great army and with much riches.
14 And in those times there shall many stand up against the king of the south: also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall.
15 So the king of the north shall come, and cast up a mount, and take the most fenced cities: and the arms of the south shall not withstand, neither his chosen people, neither shall there be any strength to withstand.
16 But he that cometh against him shall do according to his own will, and none shall stand before him: and he shall stand in the glorious land, which by his hand shall be consumed.
17 He shall also set his face to enter with the strength of his whole kingdom, and upright ones with him; thus shall he do: and he shall give him the daughter of women, corrupting her: but she shall not stand on his side, neither be for him.
18 After this shall he turn his face unto the isles, and shall take many: but a prince for his own behalf shall cause the reproach offered by him to cease; without his own reproach he shall cause it to turn upon him.
19 Then he shall turn his face toward the fort of his own land: but he shall stumble and fall, and not be found.
20 Then shall stand up in his estate a raiser of taxes in the glory of the kingdom: but within few days he shall be destroyed, neither in anger, nor in battle.
21 And in his estate shall stand up a vile person[5], to whom they shall not give the honour of the kingdom: but he shall come in peaceably, and obtain the kingdom by flatteries.[6]
22 And with the arms of a flood shall they be overflown from before him, and shall be broken; yea, also the prince of the covenant.
23 And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people.
24 He shall enter peaceably even upon the fattest places of the province; and he shall do that which his fathers have not done, nor his fathers' fathers; he shall scatter among them the prey, and spoil, and riches: yea, and he shall forecast his devices against the strong holds, even for a time.
25 And he shall stir up his power and his courage against the king of the south with a great army; and the king of the south shall be stirred up to battle with a very great and mighty army; but he shall not stand: for they shall forecast devices against him.
26 Yea, they that feed of the portion of his meat shall destroy him, and his army shall overflow: and many shall fall down slain.
27 And both these kings' hearts shall be to do mischief, and they shall speak lies at one table; but it shall not prosper: for yet the end shall be at the time appointed.
28 Then shall he return into his land with great riches; and his heart shall be against the holy covenant; and he shall do exploits, and return to his own land.
29 At the time appointed he shall return, and come toward the south; but it shall not be as the former, or as the latter.
30 For the ships of Chittim shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant.
31 And arms shall stand on his part, and they shall pollute the sanctuary of strength(With the sin of Sodom), and shall take away[7] the daily sacrifice[8] (replacing it with the corban of unrighteousness), and they shall place the abomination(legal charity) that maketh desolate(degenerate).
32 And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatteries[9]: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits.[10]
33 And they that understand among the people shall instruct many: yet they shall fall by the sword, and by flame, by captivity, and by spoil, many days.
34 Now when they shall fall, they shall be holpen[11] with a little help[12]: but many shall cleave to them with flatteries.[6]
35 And some of them of understanding shall fall, to try them, and to purge, and to make them white, even to the time of the end: because it is yet for a time appointed.
36 And the king shall do according to his will; and he shall exalt himself, and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak marvellous things against the God of gods, and shall prosper till the indignation[13] be accomplished:[14] for that that is determined shall be done.
37 Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers, nor the desire of women[15], nor regard any god: for he shall magnify himself above all.
38 But in his estate shall he honour the God of forces: and a god whom his fathers knew not shall he honour with gold, and silver, and with precious stones, and pleasant things.
39 Thus shall he do in the most strong holds with a strange god, whom he shall acknowledge and increase with glory: and he shall cause them to rule over many, and shall divide the land for gain.
40 And at the time of the end shall the king of the south push at him: and the king of the north shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass over.
41 He shall enter also into the glorious land, and many countries shall be overthrown: but these shall escape out of his hand, even Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon.
42 He shall stretch forth his hand also upon the countries: and the land of Egypt shall not escape.
43 But he shall have power over the treasures of gold and of silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt: and the Libyans and the Ethiopians shall be at his steps.
44 But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many.
45 And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain; yet he shall come to his end, and none shall help him.
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1690 ἐμβριμάομαι embrimaomai [em-brim-ah’-om-ahee] from ἐν en1722 in or through and brimaomai (to snort with anger); v; AV-straitly charge 2, groan 2, murmur against 1; 5
- 1) to charge with earnest admonition, sternly to charge, threatened to enjoin
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 5015 ταράσσω tarasso [tar-as’-so] of uncertain affinity; v; AV-trouble 17; 17
- 1) to agitate, trouble (a thing, by the movement of its parts to and fro)
- 1a) to cause one inward commotion, take away his calmness of mind, disturb his equanimity
- 1b) to disquiet, make restless
- 1c) to stir up
- 1d) to trouble
- 1d1) to strike one’s spirit with fear and dread
- 1e) to render anxious or distressed
- 1f) to perplex the mind of one by suggesting scruples or doubts
- 1) to agitate, trouble (a thing, by the movement of its parts to and fro)
- ↑ In his footnote 201 of his Revised, 2nd Edition translation of December 10, 2023 : "201 11:33 Greek: ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πνεύματι - "snorted in his spirit." The verb is ἐμβριμάομαι - embrimáomai, of which there is a relatively small sampling in all of Greek literature. In classical literature it was used a few times for the snorting of horses. Bible occurrences are limited to Daniel 11:30 in some editions of the Septuagint, for "angered;" Matthew 9:30 and Mark 1:43 for "sternly admonish;" and Mark 14:5 for "scold;" and other than those, these two instances here in John 11:33, 38. I can well envision how a scolding or stern warning can be a snorting of sorts. But how do you snort or scold in your spirit?
The main lexicons like Lidell & Scott; and Bauer; and the back of the UBS Greek text, say here it means "be deeply moved." Bagster/Moulton says "to be greatly fretted or agitated." As for snorting, humans are known to snort when heaving in crying and at the same time trying to suppress the sobs. Snorts happen.
It is significant to me that for the crying that Jesus did in v. 35, John used the verb δακρύω - dakrúō, instead of one of the more usual words for weeping or crying. With δακρύω there is more emphasis on the secretion or exuding of fluid, than on the sound or other considerations like with the other verbs. I get the impression that Jesus was holding his strong emotions in. I notice that Weymouth also, in his translation, rendered this, "curbing the strong emotion of His spirit." Certainly, the simple fact that John twice says the emotion was inside, "in his spirit," and "inside himself," gives this credibility. There is somewhat of a trend in the most recent translations to render this something more pertaining to anger. - ↑ “41 And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it, 42 Saying, If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this thy day, the things which belong unto thy peace! but now they are hid from thine eyes. 43 For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side, 44 And shall lay thee even with the ground, and thy children within thee; and they shall not leave in thee one stone upon another; because thou knewest not the time of thy visitation.” Luke 19:41-44
- ↑ 0959 בָּזָה bazah [baw-zaw’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-102a] [{See TWOT on 224 }] AV-despise 36, contemptible 3, contemned 1, disdained 1, vile person 1, scorn 1; 43
- 1) to despise, hold in contempt, disdain
- 1a) (Qal) to despise, regard with contempt
- 1b) (Niphal)
- 1b1) to be despised
- 1b2) to be despicable
- 1b3) to be vile, worthless
- 1c) (Hiphil) to cause to despise
- 1) to despise, hold in contempt, disdain
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 02519 חֲלַקְלַקָּה chalaqlaqqah [khal-ak-lak-kaw’] or (plural) חלקלקות by reduplication from 02505; n f p; [BDB-325b] [{See TWOT on 670 @@ "670f" }] AV-slippery 2, flatteries 2; 4
- 1) flattery, slipperiness, fine promises, smoothness
- 1a) slipperiness
- 1b) fine promises
- 1) flattery, slipperiness, fine promises, smoothness
- ↑ Daniel 8:11 Yea, he magnified [himself] even to the prince of the host, and by him the daily [sacrifice] was taken away, and the place of his sanctuary was cast down. 12 And an host was given [him] against the daily [sacrifice] by reason of transgression, and it cast down the truth to the ground; and it practised, and prospered. 13 Then I heard one saint speaking, and another saint said unto that certain [saint] which spake, How long [shall be] the vision [concerning] the daily [sacrifice], and the transgression of desolation, to give both the sanctuary and the host to be trodden under foot?
- ↑ Daniel 12:11 And from the time [that] the daily [sacrifice] shall be taken away, and the abomination that maketh desolate set up, [there shall be] a thousand two hundred and ninety days.
- ↑ 02514 חֲלַקָּה chalaqqah [khal-ak-kaw’] from 02505; n f; [BDB-325b] [{See TWOT on 670 @@ "670e" }] AV-flatteries 1; 1
- 1) flattery, smoothness, fine promises
- ↑ 06213 עָשָׂה ‘asah [aw-saw’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-793b, BDB-796a] [{See TWOT on 1708 }] [{See TWOT on 1709 }] AV-do 1333, make 653, wrought 52, deal 52, commit 49, offer 49, execute 48, keep 48, shew 43, prepare 37, work 29, do so 21, perform 18, get 14, dress 13, maker 13, maintain 7, misc 154; 2633
- 1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to do, work, make, produce
- 1a1a) to do
- 1a1b) to work
- 1a1c) to deal (with)
- 1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
- 1a2) to make
- 1a2a) to make
- 1a2b) to produce
- 1a2c) to prepare
- 1a2d) to make (an offering)
- 1a2e) to attend to, put in order
- 1a2f) to observe, celebrate
- 1a2g) to acquire (property)
- 1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
- 1a2i) to bring about
- 1a2j) to use
- 1a2k) to spend, pass
- 1a1) to do, work, make, produce
- 1b) (Niphal)
- 1b1) to be done
- 1b2) to be made
- 1b3) to be produced
- 1b4) to be offered
- 1b5) to be observed
- 1b6) to be used
- 1c) (Pual) to be made
- 1a) (Qal)
- 2) (Piel) to press, squeeze
- 1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
- ↑ 05826 עָזַר ‘azar [aw-zar’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-740a] [{See TWOT on 1598 }] AV-help 64, helper 11, holpen 3, succour 3, variant 1; 82
- 1) to help, succour, support
- 1a) (Qal) to help
- 1b) (Niphal) to be helped
- 1c) (Hiphil) to help
- Deuteronomy 32:38 Which did eat the fat of their sacrifices, [and] drank the wine of their drink offerings? let them rise up and help <05826> you, [and] be your protection.
- 1) to help, succour, support
- ↑ 05826 עָזַר ‘azar [aw-zar’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-740a] [{See TWOT on 1598 }] AV-help 64, helper 11, holpen 3, succour 3, variant 1; 82
- 1) to help, succour, support
- 1a) (Qal) to help
- 1b) (Niphal) to be helped
- 1c) (Hiphil) to help
- Deuteronomy 32:38 Which did eat the fat of their sacrifices, [and] drank the wine of their drink offerings? let them rise up and help <05826> you, [and] be your protection.
- 1) to help, succour, support
- ↑ 02195 זַעַם za‘am [zah’-am] ZayinAyinMem from the verb 02194 ZayinAyinMem to denounce; n m; [BDB-276b] [{See TWOT on 568 @@ "568a" }] AV-indignation 20, anger 1, rage 1; 22
- 1) anger, indignation
- זָ ז Zayin The "Crowned" head. The Service and Valor, cut and bread, war and nourish. [weapon.... Cut, to cut off, manacle] (Numeric value: 7)
- ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
- מ ם Mem Fountain of water, a flow, a fountain of the Divine Wisdom [massive, overpower chaos] (Numeric value: 40)
- ↑ Daniel 8:19 And he said, Behold, I will make thee know what shall be in the last end of the indignation <02195>: for at the time appointed the end [shall be].
- ↑ 0802 אִשָּׁה ‘ishshah [ish-shaw’,] irregular plural נשׁים nashiym [naw-sheem’] from 0376 or 0582; n f; [BDB-61a] [{See TWOT on 137 @@ "137a" }] AV-wife 425, woman 323, one 10, married 5, female 2, misc 14; 779
- 1) woman, wife, female
- 1a) woman (opposite of man)
- 1b) wife (woman married to a man)
- 1c) female (of animals)
- 1d) each, every (pronoun)
- 1) woman, wife, female