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== Stiffnecked people ==
== Stiffnecked people ==


The people were said to have stiff neck.
The people were said to have stiff neck.

Revision as of 07:27, 8 April 2023

What was the sin in the camp of the golden calf? Was it idolatry? Is Idolatry covetousness?[1]
They were setting up covetous practices, a partially common purse, a central treasury, that could lead to the Corban of the Pharisees and a returning to Egypt and the way Nicolaitans as all socialist states do.
God endowed man with choice and the power to choose.[2]
We call that individual power of choice rights and liberty.
If we give that choice to others or the power to make choices for us, then we mock God. When the people put their wealth in this institution, this reserve fund set up by Aaron they no longer had direct power of choice over that wealth God had given them when they left the bondage of Egypt.

Stiffnecked people

The people were said to have stiff neck.

The phrase "stiffnecked people" appears several times in the biblical text. In the Torah it is composed of three words.

The word stiff is from the Hebrew word qasheh(קָשֶׁה‎).[3] And the Hebrew word for necked is from ‘oreph(עֹרֶף‎).[4] While the word for people is from am[5]:

In Exodus 33:3 for thou [art] a stiffnecked people{כי עם־קשה־ערף אתה}: where no additional letters are added and the statement is very direct and to the point.

Yet to understand this phrase we need to see that qasheh(קָשֶׁה‎).[3] actually does not mean stiff but "hard, cruel, severe, obstinate" and is identical to the verb qashah(קָשָׁה‎)[6] meaning "to be hard, be severe, be fierce, be harsh".

The word neck is ‘oreph(עֹרֶף‎).[4] The term oreph(עֹרֶף‎) is figuratively associated with apostasy in the definition and is identical to araph(עָרַף‎)[7] which is a verb that is said to mean "drop or drop down". It is clear that the head is supported by the neck and the neck can turn the head in what ever direction it is inclined to go. If the neck is cruel then the neck may turn the individual toward cruelty.

We know now that "leaven" and getting the leaven out of your house and nation is about getting the cruelty out of your nation. This is one reason why it seems strange that the phrase put to death appears so often in the judgements of Moses. And of course we should know now that the phrase put to death does not mean that the people should be executing so many people just like we should have known that Moses did not send the Levites into the camp of the Golden calf to kill nor smite 3000 people with their swords at their sides in Exodus 32.

But what do we do to loosen up our necks so they are not so stiff?


What were some of the metaphors of Moses?
What did they really mean?
What was Leaven, and why sew breeches, and not go up by steps?
Why not hew the stones of the altars?
What did it mean to circumcise the heart or take off the ornaments?
Download Recording Exodus 32-33
or press play

Audio broadcast on stiffnecked and ornaments
download or save file Ornaments

Ornaments

After the incident with the golden calf where the people started to return to the ways of Egypt where they were bound in a captivity of corvee which used force and fealty in the bands of society. That relationship with the government of pharaoh led to a weakening of the people which eventually brought in oppression of the people.

When the people were told in Exodus 20[8] that they shall not make with me gods the word for gods[9] means a "ruling judge".

We also know that God gave us dominion over somethings but not over one another. The LORD advocates property rights other wise there would be no reason to say "Thou shalt not steal."

There would also be no purpose in also saying "Thou shalt not covet ... any thing that [is] thy neighbour’s" if your neighbor had no right to those things.

The people who followed Moses had gold and the right to make choices over the use of its value. When they took the inheritance of that gold from their wives and sons and daughters[10] and put it in the molten block of gold they no longer had an individual right to choose how it would be used.

They could not rule nor judge how that gold could be used, which had been within their individual dominion. Someone else would be a "ruler and judge" over what had once been theirs.

Neither Moses nor God wanted that.

The sin[11] of the golden statue was not that it was in the shape of a calf, or Athena but that they relinquished their right to choose the gold God gave them use.

It was bad enough that they had given up a God given dominion over what God had given them to others but the reason they did it was to bind their neighbor and their neighbors loyalty. That degenerates trust through fellowship.

It was also a step toward having One purse.

Ways

The Way of the LORD is different than the way of the lord's of the city-states or the way of the "world".

Moses was teaching the way of the LORD which was a way of binding the people through social welfare system of love and charity and the tending to the weightier matters as individuals from the door of your own tent.

After that mischief[12] of the people[13] they are warned by Moses that they need to Consecrate[14] themselves to this new way of self government under the righteousness of God. While the requirement of saying they consented was required or they would be turned away by the Levites now they are going to do more.

Putting off ornaments

In Exodus there seems to be a directive concerning putting off ornaments before continuing with the LORD. We are also led to believe that the ornaments must be put off or the people may be consumed[15] in a moment[16]i.e. God is instantly finished with them.

If this word ornament(עֲדִי)[17] which is also translated as "mouth" and "excellent" and is defined as the "trappings of horses". Does this unique word ‘eḏyəḵā AyinDaletYodKaf (עֶדְיְךָ֙) in Exodus 33:5 and ‘eḏyām AyinDaletYodMem (עֶדְיָ֖ם) Exodus 33:6 in as it appears in the the text as has a deeper meaning that has to do with the habits and behaviors they learned in Egypt then if they just take off ornaments they have failed to comply.

In the meantime, Moses puts the altar and tabernacle outside the camp.

In Exodus 33:5 "For the LORD had said unto Moses, Say unto the children of Israel, Ye [are] a stiffnecked people: I will come up into the midst of thee in a moment, and consume 03615(wəḵillîṯîḵā(וְכִלִּיתִ֑יךָ))[15] thee: therefore now put off thy ornaments(עֶדְיְךָ֙) from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee. 6 And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments(עֶדְיָ֖ם) by the mount Horeb."

What are these ornaments mentioned in Exodus 33and what does it mean stripped themselves which we see as wayyiṯnaṣṣəlū VavYodTavNunTzadikLamedVav(וַיִּֽתְנַצְּל֧וּ) from the word natsal NunTzadikLamed(נָצַל‎)[18]?

The Hebrew word natsal can be defined "to snatch away, deliver, rescue, save, strip, plunder" or "to tear oneself away, deliver oneself". Were they delivering themselves from their "ornaments"?


Jewelry from Egypt

Numerous commentaries suggest that these ornaments were jewelries that the people got in Egypt:

"The ornaments (jewelry) were secured from the Egyptians, when Israel plundered them before they left Egypt (Exodus 12:35-36). The LORD's command to take their jewelry off might have been a test to see if they were truly sad about what they had done, or if they would rebel yet again by continuing to wear it." Biblesays.com

But is there any evidence of that other than trying to think that the word ornaments means jewelry?

If we look at the text we do not see ornaments mentioned:

Exodus 12:35 "And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed[19] of the Egyptians jewels[20] of silver[21], and jewels[20] of gold[22], and raiment[23]: 36 And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent[19] unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians."

None of these things were called ornaments or are even similar to the word adiy(עֲדִי‎) which is the base word in Hebrew concordances for an ornament.[17]

Why does Moses suddenly start using this new word ornaments?

Ornaments of and not of God

There is a Hebrew name Adiel which is a boy's which means “ornament of God”.

So are there ornaments that are not of God which the people must put off?

What they did with their gold earrings of your wives and daughters was to put them in the golden calf. Were those earrings, those pieces of jewelry, their ornaments?

Or are those ornaments the elements of their character that caused their hard heart and mind to turn their stiffnecked toward the ways of Egypt?

What do you do to change those elements of your character from stiffnecked ornaments into the ornaments of God's character and The Way.

So can you imagine what are the ornaments of God and what are the ornaments contrary to those ornaments of God?

One Sage of the 19th century who had studied the meaning of words speaks of 5 or 6 "ornaments of the soul".

The Five ornaments of self:

1. To knowing oneself to be lead to the honor and righteousness.

2. The second ornament is fellowship through a cord of kindliness and love free from hate.

3. The third ornament is a noble character "is accounted as a jewel among men."

4. The fourth ornament is trustworthiness with no false witness.

5. The fifth ornament is love of the truth of any matter.

6. The sixth ornament is knowledge of the way of righteousness.

Unfortunately, many lack that knowledge of the way of righteousness.[24]

In number three we see noble character and Numbers 21:8[25] we see that "the nobles[26] of the people" dug a well. In Exodus 35 the same word translated noble in Numbers is translated willing[26] in relationship to the heart and mind of the people when they bring their freewill offerings to the living altars of Christ to care for their neighbor and provide your social safety net and even foreign aid(red heifer) in the government of the people, for the people, and by the people from the door of your own tent.[27]

So if those are the ornaments of God.


Moed is pronounced mo-ade’ מועדים Strongs # 04140 Or moled {mo-ade’}; or (feminine) moweadah (2 Chronicles 8:13) {mo-aw-daw’};04150 מוֹעֵד‎ from ya’ad; properly, an appointment, i.e. A fixed time or season; specifically, a festival; conventionally a year; by implication, an assembly (as convened for a definite purpose); technically the congregation are typically called, Jewish holidays/Yamim Tovim but in the Bible are referred to as God’s feast days.

Moa’dim in Hebrew means appointments or rehearsals. They are found in Leviticus 23 and each are called a shadow of things to come. (Colossians 2:16-17).

04139 מוּלָה‎ muwlah [moo-law’] from 04135 AV-circumcise; n f; [BDB-558a] [{See TWOT on 1161 @@ "1161a" }] AV-circumcision 1; 1

1) circumcision


Ornaments of abomination

In Ezekiel 16 the LORD speaks of ornaments and abominations.

Ezekiel 16:1 "Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 2 Son of man, cause Jerusalem to know her abominations,[28]




"The Hebrew word here is enigmatic. 'Grew into a woman' is one guess, consistent with context. The Hebrew may literally mean, "you came into arnamental ornaments" (similar to the king James translation: Thow art come to excelent ornaments"), perhaps because grown women wear Jewelry that girls do not. Interestingly, while our version of the Bible has two words with Hebrew letter dalet in them (ayin-dalet-yod followed by ayin-dalet-yod-yod-mem), the Septuagint seems to think both word have a resh in them and therefore translates the passage as though it involves cities, not ornaments or womanhood; the nineteenth-century English translation of the Greek reads, '[you did] enter into great cities.'" My People's Passover Haggadah: Traditional Texts, Modern Commentaries, Volume 2; By Carole Balin, Marc Zvi Brettler

Ezekiel 16:7 "I have caused thee to multiply as the bud of the field, and thou hast increased and waxen great, and thou art come to excellent <05716> ornaments <05716>: [thy] breasts are fashioned, and thine hair is grown, whereas thou [wast] naked and bare."

--


Ornament of kindness

The word in Hebrew for kindness is Chesed [29], and like many Hebrew words, it does not translate precisely into English. The word means more than simply “kindness.”

Often translated as “loving-kindness,” chesed means giving oneself fully, with love and compassion.

1. Giving life to the birth of a child.[30] 2. Giving the presence of God during the life of a child to Circumcise their heart.[31] 3. Giving the care that leads to restoration of life to others.[32] 4. Giving a portion of life to those in need so that they desire to do the same.[33] 5. Giving hospitality to strangers so that they may take the life away with them.[34]

Put off or decline and reject

Even the word translated put off is yarad(יָרַד‎)[35] seems to be out of place .In Exodus 33:6 the command to put off these ornaments seems to mean more "lay aside altogether" according to some commentaries. It is not other word that might be used for taking off an ornament since it is actually defined "to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down" and is of the same spelling as the name Jared which means decent.

The word that actually appears in the Hebrew text is hōwrêḏ (הוֹרֵ֤ד) which does have something to do with providing remedying for the problem that they are a stiffnecked people. Getting rid of jewelry or bobbles would hardly provide a remedy or even some relief.

Several commentaries recognize that the words seem awkward but they conclude that God needs evidence that they are really repentant. Some say He even needed this act of taking of these ornaments before He "discerned the first symptoms of contrition, by their stripping off their ornaments, as penitents conscious of their error and sincerely sorrowful, this fact added its weight to the fervency of Moses' prayers, and gave them prevalence with God in behalf of the people."[36]

We might want to think that God needs a sign because we are always looking for a sign, but if he is God he should no our hearts. We may want to think that we can be redeemed by some ritual act of contition but that to falls short of fitting with the problem of being stiffnecked. We also may want to perpetuate the idea that we can win favor with God if we perform some simple ritual of removing a piece of clothing like an ornament or attend to issues like the length of fringe or the sewing breeches for the Levites or removing leaven from the house or cutting a piece of flesh from our bodies but do not circumcise our hearts[37] then have we done the will of God.

So is God concerned with removing bobbels or removing selfishness or lack of the states of kindness that dwell in the righteous and degenerate in the slothful and covetous.

. the anger, pride, vanity


ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70) Ayin possesses five Divine powers. The right eye possesses five states of kindness, whereas the left eye possesses five states of severity or might.

Ayin sees the world and the ways of the world – both the planetary way and the way of the mundane and materialistic world. The way of Ayin – the way of the world – was meant to be the way of planet Earth – the way of nature – the way of the Natural Laws and natural frameworks.


Deeper than doodads

But are these ornaments actually objects that can be easily remove like taking off a neckless, rings, or just doodads?

Was there a big pile of ornaments left in the desert somewhere?

Did they hide them away and only took them out when the LORD could not see them?

Or is the word referring to something so deep that its true meaning has been buried or suppressed through centuries of sophistry?

We know that some how the removal of these ornaments actually has something to do with the "evil tidings" that they "art a stiffnecked people".

And we should know that a stiffed[3] neck[4] people are a "hard, cruel, severe," (and even) obstinate" people.

Why does the mind of the people keep going back to Egypt and the ways of Egypt that brought them into bondage in the first place?

Because their minds were accustomed to being a "hard, cruel, severe," (and even) obstinate" people.

This is because when they sat and ate at the flesh pots of Egypt they grew accustomed to the social safety net provided by Pharaoh. Several times they wanted to return because they were so long in the bondage of Egypt.

That system in the beginng should have been for their welfare but it was a snare and a trap[38] and Paul agreed.[39]

It was the social safety net of the Pharaoh that had been the instrument of their captivity.[40]

The problem with these systems has been known throughout history because the infect the heart and mind of the people as they kill the love of care for one another in the masses. They all draw the people away from the heart of God and degenerate the character of the people who become accustomed to the benefits through the rule of force.

The Israelites did receive these benefits from Pharaoh which were 'the dainties' of rulers which the Bible says are deceitful meats.[41]


Danger of a consuming fire

There is talk of a consuming fire[42] if the people do not put off the ornaments of their character and reconsecrate their hearts so that they have put down the patterns of a "hard, cruel, severe," (and even) obstinate" mind that turns the neck of the people back to Egypt.

It is the hardness of their hearts and the habits of Egypt that has become the ornaments of their soul that they must put down. To even come near the power of God would be more than hot coals upon their head. It would be like the consuming fire that Jesus warned us about.


Looking at the word

We know that Leaven is not just yeast, And that a kidney is not just an organ and that liver can mean honor or fatten. Then what is an ornament?

But the letters AyinDelatYod (עֲדִי‎) may mean ornament but is that what Moses means in the text?

The Hebrew text of Exodus 33 shows ‘eḏyām (עֶדְיָ֖ם) AyinDelatYodMem which only appears once.

Is that what Moses is trying to say or share with those who would read his writings through the ages?

  • ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
  • ד Dalet Selflessness – Charity, back and forth or through a door or pathway, to enter like a fish (Numeric value: 4)
  • י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
  • מ ם Mem Fountain of water, a flow, a fountain of the Divine Wisdom [massive, overpower chaos] (Numeric value: 40)

What about other words with the same roots?

The word witness (עֵד‎)[43] is in the word ornaments. People might put an ornament on to give a testimony or a witness about themselves or make themselves appear a certain way. But what makes the real person is the character and virtue in their heart and mind. Gor is not a respecter of persons nor their jewelry.

Other words like prepositions or Hebrew words like ad(עֵד‎)[44] meaning ever all have the AyinDelat combination. But also other words include this combination such as words translated prey in the sense of booty.

It is what they have given a witness of by their deeds[45] or lack of charity in your congregations.

Is this like the word for Leaven which also means cruelty?

So if the ornaments doodads are not what the LORD is concerned about but the hard hearts of these stiffnecked people what is it they need to do?


The concern of the LORD

What is LORD really concerned about?

In this chapter their is a great deal about Moses approaching the LORD. Other than taking his shoes off it seems to be the heart of Moses that allows him to approach the LORD not his costume.

Many then and many today may not want to know because their minds have been deceived and they live in darkness.[46]

The people are warned if danger by Moses and Jesus if they do not get their charity righteous.

We know now that the altars were merely a system of charity that were meant to strengthen the individual and to create the social bonds of a free society through the perfect law of liberty so that they do not need to bind themselves together with the bands of contracts and constitutions and rulers who exercise authority of the common purse of socialism.

Is this danger of a consuming fire have any thing to do with the danger of hell fire and the raca[47] Jesus mentions?[48]

Is it the same as the "evil tidings, they mourned" and and the ornaments they need to discard before they approach the altar of God?

If the ornaments are the about anger toward others which may include envy and jealousy and a lack of forgiveness then how does a raca[47] and fool take these "ornaments" and put them off?[48]



Stiff necks of Acts

In the New Testament we see stiffnecked translated from the Greek sklerotrachelos (σκληροτράχηλος)[49] which is from two words also skleros meaning hard or harsh even violent and trachelos meaning neck. The same metaphor applies.



"To open their eyes, [and] to turn [them] from darkness to light, and [from] the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me." (Acts 26:18)


Appearance in the text

Exodus 32:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it [is] a stiffnecked people:

Exodus 33:3 Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou [art] a stiffnecked people{כי עם־קשה־ערף אתה}: lest I consume thee in the way.

Exodus 33:5 For the LORD had said unto Moses, Say unto the children of Israel, Ye [are] a stiffnecked people: I will come up into the midst of thee in a moment, and consume thee: therefore now put off thy ornaments from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee.

Exodus 34:9 And he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us; for it [is] a stiffnecked people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance.

Deuteronomy 9:6 Understand therefore, that the LORD thy God giveth thee not this good land to possess it for thy righteousness; for thou [art] a stiffnecked people.

Deuteronomy 9:13 Furthermore the LORD spake unto me, saying, I have seen this people, and, behold, it [is] a stiffnecked people:

Deuteronomy 10:16 Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked.

Deuteronomy 31:27 For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck: behold, while I am yet alive with you this day, ye have been rebellious against the LORD; and how much more after my death?

2 Chronicles 30:8 Now be ye not stiffnecked, as your fathers [were, but] yield yourselves unto the LORD, and enter into his sanctuary, which he hath sanctified for ever: and serve the LORD your God, that the fierceness of his wrath may turn away from you.

2 Chronicles 36:13 And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD God of Israel.

Psalms 75:5 Lift not up your horn on high: speak [not with] a stiff neck.

Jeremiah 17:23 But they obeyed not, neither inclined their ear, but made their neck stiff, that they might not hear, nor receive instruction.

Ezekiel 2:4 For [they are] impudent children and stiffhearted. I do send thee unto them; and thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD.

Acts 7:51 Ye stiffnecked 4644 and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers [did], so [do] ye.

  1. ↑ Covetousness is idolatry
    Colossians 3:5 "Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry: 6 For which things’ sake the wrath of God cometh on the children of disobedience:"
    Ephesians 5:5 "For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God."
    1 Corinthians 5:10 "Yet not altogether with the fornicators of this world, or with the covetous, or extortioners, or with idolaters; for then must ye needs go out of the world. 11 But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a railer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner; with such an one no not to eat."
  2. ↑ "Freedom is the Right to Choose, the Right to create for oneself the alternatives of Choice. Without the possibility of Choice, and the exercise of Choice, a man is not a man but a member, an instrument, a thing.” Archibald MacLeish
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 07186 קָשֶׁה‎ qasheh [kaw-sheh’] KufShinHey from 07185 קָשָׁה‎ qashah hardin; adj; [BDB-904b] [{See TWOT on 2085 @@ "2085a" }] AV-stiffnecked + 06203 6, hard 5, roughly 5, cruel 3, grievous 3, sore 2, churlish 1, hardhearted 1, heavy 1, misc 9; 36
    1) hard, cruel, severe, obstinate
    1a) hard, difficult
    1b) severe
    1c) fierce, intense, vehement
    1d) stubborn, stiff of neck, stiff-necked
    1e) rigorous (of battle)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 06203 עֹרֶף‎ ‘oreph [o-ref’] from 06202; n m; [BDB-791a] [{See TWOT on 1700 @@ "1700a" }] AV-neck 17, back 7, stiffnecked + 07186 4, stiffnecked 3, backs + 0310 1, stiffnecked + 07185 1; 33
    1) neck, back of the neck, back
    1a) back of the neck
    1a1) of fleeing foe
    1a2) of apostasy (fig.)
    1b) stiff of neck, obstinate (fig.)
  5. ↑ 05971 ^םע^ ‘am AyinMem \@am\@ from 06004 ^םמע^ ‘amam, see Double Mem; n m; AV-people 1836, nation 17, people + 01121 4, folk 2, Ammi 1, men 1, each 1; 1862
    1) nation, people 1a) people, nation 1b) persons, members of one’s people, compatriots, country-men
    2) kinsman, kindred
  6. ↑ 07185 קָשָׁה‎ qashah [kaw-shaw’] a primitive root KufShinHey; v; see also 07186 and 07184קָשָׂה‎ qasah a jug; [BDB-904a] [{See TWOT on 2085 }] AV-harden 12, hard 4, stiffnecked + 06203 2, grievous 2, misc 8; 28
    1) to be hard, be severe, be fierce, be harsh
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to be hard, be difficult
    1a2) to be hard, be severe
    1b) (Niphal)
    1b1) to be ill-treated
    1b2) to be hard pressed
    1c) (Piel) to have severe labour (of women)
    1d) (Hiphil)
    1d1) to make difficult, make difficulty
    1d2) to make severe, make burdensome
    1d3) to make hard, make stiff, make stubborn
    1d3a) of obstinacy (fig)
    1d4) to show stubbornness
    • Three words used to describe the hardened 03515 kebed, 07185 qashah, 02388 chazaq heart of the Pharaoh by Moses.
  7. ↑ 06201 עָרַף‎ ‘araph [aw-raf’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-791b] [{See TWOT on 1701 }] AV-drop 1, drop down 1; 2
    1) to drop, drip
    1a) (Qal) to drop, trickle
  8. ↑ Exodus 20:23 Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold.
  9. ↑ 0430 םיהלא AlefLamedHeyYodMem ‘elohiym el-o-heem’ plural of 0433; n m p; {See TWOT on 93 @@ "93c" } AV-God 2346, god 244, judge 5, GOD 1, goddess 2, great 2, mighty 2, angels 1, exceeding 1, God-ward + 04136 1, godly 1; 2606
    1) (plural)
    1a) rulers, judges
    1b) divine ones
    1c) angels
    1d) gods
    2) (plural intensive-singular meaning)
    2a) god, goddess
    2b) godlike one
    2c) works or special possessions of God
    2d) the (true) God
    2e) God
    • א Alef Father-Son- begin- The Paradox: God and Man - (ox bull) [strength, leader, first] (Numeric value: 1)
    • ל Lamed means Aspiration of the Heart or to learn or even direct like a shepherd. It has to do with what the Hand produces, [hand is די YodDalet] or directs with staff, whip... like the tongue may direct. (Numeric value: 30)
    • ה Hey Expression--Thought, Speech, Action. Manifest seeds of thought and life. [Emphasize, jubilation, window, fence] (Numeric value: 5)
    • י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
    • מ ם Mem Fountain of water, a flow, a fountain of the Divine Wisdom [massive, overpower chaos] (Numeric value: 40)
    • See also 03068 יְהוָֹה‎ Yëhovah and 0136 אֲדֹנָי‎ ‘Adonay Genesis 15:2
  10. ↑ Exodus 32:2 And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which [are] in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring [them] unto me."
  11. ↑ Exodus 32:21 "And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?"
  12. ↑ 07451 ^ער^ ra‘ ReishAyin \@rah\@ or fem. ^הער^ ra‘ah from 07489 the verb 07490 (Aramic)ReishAyinAyin evil (to crush); AV-evil 442, wickedness 59, wicked 25, mischief 21, hurt 20, bad 13, trouble 10, sore 9, affliction 6, ill 5, adversity 4, favoured 3, harm 3, naught 3, noisome 2, grievous 2, sad 2, misc 34; 663
    adj
    1) bad, evil
    1a) bad, disagreeable, malignant
    1b) bad, unpleasant, evil (giving pain, unhappiness, misery)
    1c) evil, displeasing
    1d) bad (of its kind-land, water, etc)
    1e) bad (of value)
    1f) worse than, worst (comparison)
    1g) sad, unhappy
    1h) evil (hurtful)
    1i) bad, unkind (vicious in disposition)
    1j) bad, evil, wicked (ethically)
    1j1) in general, of persons, of thoughts
    1j2) deeds, actions
    n m
    2) evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity
    2a) evil, distress, adversity
    2b) evil, injury, wrong
    2c) evil (ethical)
    n f
    3) evil, misery, distress, injury
    3a) evil, misery, distress
    3b) evil, injury, wrong
    3c) evil (ethical)
    • ר Reish Process of Clarification The "head" or "beginning". Life's revelation. [Head... Person head highest] (Numeric value: 200)
    • ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
  13. ↑ Exodus 32:22 And Aaron said, Let not the anger of my lord wax hot: thou knowest the people, that they [are set] on mischief.
  14. ↑ 04390 מָלֵא‎ MemLamedAlef male’ [maw-lay’] or מלא‎ mala’ (#Es 7:5) [maw-law’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-569b] [{See TWOT on 1195 }] AV-fill 108, full 48, fulfil 28, consecrate 15, accomplish 7, replenish 7, wholly 6, set 6, expired 3, fully 2, gather 2, overflow 2, satisfy 2, misc 14; 250
    1) to fill, be full
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to be full
    1a1a) fulness, abundance (participle)
    1a1b) to be full, be accomplished, be ended
    1a2) to consecrate, fill the hand
    1b) (Niphal)
    1b1) to be filled, be armed, be satisfied
    1b2) to be accomplished, be ended
    1c) (Piel)
    1c1) to fill
    1c2) to satisfy
    1c3) to fulfil, accomplish, complete
    1c4) to confirm
    1d) (Pual) to be filled
    1e) (Hithpael) to mass themselves against
    • מ ם Mem Fountain of water, a flow, a fountain of the Divine Wisdom [massive, overpower chaos] (Numeric value: 40)
    • ל Lamed means Aspiration of the Heart or to learn or even direct like a shepherd. It has to do with what the Hand produces, [hand is די YodDalet] or directs with staff, whip... like the tongue may direct. (Numeric value: 30)
    • א Alef Father-Son- begin- The Paradox: God and Man - (ox bull) [strength, leader, first] (Numeric value: 1)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 03615 כָּלָה‎ kalah [kaw-law’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-477a] [{See TWOT on 982 }] [{See TWOT on 983 }] [{See TWOT on 984 }] AV-consume 57, end 44, finish 20, fail 18, accomplish 12, done 9, spend 8, ended 7, determined 4, away 3, fulfil 3, fainteth 2, destroy 2, left 2, waste 2, misc 13; 206
    1) to accomplish, cease, consume, determine, end, fail, finish, be complete, be accomplished, be ended, be at an end, be finished, be spent
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to be complete, be at an end
    1a2) to be completed, be finished
    1a3) to be accomplished, be fulfilled
    1a4) to be determined, be plotted (bad sense)
    1a5) to be spent, be used up
    1a6) to waste away, be exhausted, fail
    1a7) to come to an end, vanish, perish, be destroyed
    1b) (Piel)
    1b1) to complete, bring to an end, finish
    1b2) to complete (a period of time)
    1b3) to finish (doing a thing)
    1b4) to make an end, end
    1b5) to accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass
    1b6) to accomplish, determine (in thought)
    1b7) to put an end to, cause to cease
    1b8) to cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend
    1b9) to destroy, exterminate
    1c) (Pual) to be finished, be ended, be completed
  16. ↑ 07281 רֶגַע‎ rega‘ [reh’-gah] from 07280 a wink (of the eyes), i.e. a very short space of time; n m/adv; [BDB-921a] [{See TWOT on 2116 @@ "2116a" }] AV-moment 18, instant 2, space 1, suddenly 1; 22
    n m
    1) a moment
    adv
    2) for a moment, at one moment … at another moment
    with prep
    3) in a moment
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 05716 עֲדִי‎ ‘adiy [ad-ee’] from 05710 in the sense of trappings, Greek 78 Αδδι; n m coll; [BDB-725b] [{See TWOT on 1566 @@ "1566a" }] AV-ornament 11, mouth 2, excellent 1; 14
    1) ornaments
    1a) ornaments
    1b) trappings (of horses)
  18. ↑ 05337 נָצַל‎ natsal [naw-tsal’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-664b] [{See TWOT on 1404 }] AV-deliver 179, recover 5, rid 3, escape 2, rescue 2, spoil 2, at all 2, take out 2, misc 16; 213
    1) to snatch away, deliver, rescue, save, strip, plunder
    1a) (Niphal)
    1a1) to tear oneself away, deliver oneself
    1a2) to be torn out or away, be delivered
    1b) (Piel)
    1b1) to strip off, spoil
    1b2) to deliver
    1c) (Hiphil)
    1c1) to take away, snatch away
    1c2) to rescue, recover
    1c3) to deliver (from enemies or troubles or death)
    1c4) to deliver from sin and guilt
    1d) (Hophal) to be plucked out
    1e) (Hithpael) to strip oneself
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 07592 שָׁאַל‎ sha’al [shaw-al’] ShinAlefLamed or שׁאל‎ sha’el [shaw-ale’]a primitive root ShinAlefLamed; v; [BDB-981a] [{See TWOT on 2303 }] AV-ask 94, enquire 22, desire 9, require 7, borrow 6, salute 4, demand 4, lent 4, request 3, earnestly 2, beg 2, misc 16; 173
    1) to ask, enquire, borrow, beg
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to ask, ask for
    1a2) to ask (as a favour), borrow
    1a3) to enquire, enquire of
    1a4) to enquire of, consult (of deity, oracle)
    1a5) to seek
    1b) (Niphal) to ask for oneself, ask leave of absence
    1c) (Piel)
    1c1) to enquire, enquire carefully
    1c2) to beg, practise beggary
    1d) (Hiphil)
    1d1) to be given on request
    1d2) to grant, make over to, let (one) ask (successfully) or give or lend on request (then) : grant or make over to
    • ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)
    • א Alef Father-Son- begin- The Paradox: God and Man - (ox bull) [strength, leader, first] (Numeric value: 1)
    • ל Lamed means Aspiration of the Heart or to learn or even direct like a shepherd. It has to do with what the Hand produces, [hand is די YodDalet] or directs with staff, whip... like the tongue may direct. (Numeric value: 30)
    • see Exodus 3:22 wəšā’ălāh (VavShinAlefLamedHey(וְשָׁאֲלָ֨ה)).
    • see Exodus 11:2 wəyiš’ălū (VavYodShinAlefLamedVav(וְיִשְׁאֲל֞וּ))
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 03627 כְּלִי‎ këliy [kel-ee’] from 03615 consume; n m; [BDB-479a] [{See TWOT on 982 @@ "982g" }] AV-vessel 166, instrument 39, weapon 21, jewel 21, armourbearer + 05375 18, stuff 14, thing 11, armour 10, furniture 7, carriage 3, bag 2, misc 13; 325
    1) article, vessel, implement, utensil
    1a) article, object (general)
    1b) utensil, implement, apparatus, vessel
    1b1) implement (of hunting or war)
    1b2) implement (of music)
    1b3) implement, tool (of labour)
    1b4) equipment, yoke (of oxen)
    1b5) utensils, furniture
    1c) vessel, receptacle (general)
    1d) vessels (boats) of paper-reed
  21. ↑ 03701 כֶּסֶף‎ keceph [keh’-sef] from 03700; n m; [BDB-494a] [{See TWOT on 1015 @@ "1015a" }] AV-silver 287, money 112, price 3, silverlings 1; 403
    1) silver, money
    1a) silver
    1a1) as metal
    1a2) as ornament
    1a3) as colour
    1b) money, shekels, talents
  22. ↑ 02091 זָהָב‎ zahab [zaw-hawb’] from an unused root meaning to shimmer; n m; [BDB-262b] [{See TWOT on 529 @@ "529a" }] AV-gold 348, golden 40, fair weather 1; 389
    1) gold
    1a) as precious metal
    1b) as a measure of weight
    1c) of brilliance, splendour (fig.)
  23. ↑ 08071 שִׂמְלָה‎ simlah [sim-law’] perhaps by permutation for the fem. of 05566 (through the idea of a cover assuming the shape of the object beneath); n f; [BDB-971a] [{See TWOT on 2270 @@ "2270a" }] AV-raiment 11, clothes 6, garment 6, apparel 2, cloth 2, clothing 2; 29
    1) wrapper, mantle, covering garment, garments, clothes, raiment, a cloth
  24. ↑ Hosea 4:6 "My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children."
  25. ↑ Numbers 21:18 The princes digged the well, the nobles <05081> of the people digged it, by [the direction of] the lawgiver, with their staves. And from the wilderness [they went] to Mattanah:
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 05081 נָדִיב‎ nadiyb [naw-deeb’] from 05068 נָדַב‎ nadab offered willingly; adj/n m; [BDB-622a] [{See TWOT on 1299 @@ "1299b" }] AV-prince 15, nobles 4, willing 3, free 2, liberal 2, liberal things 2; 28
    adj
    1) inclined, willing, noble, generous
    1a) incited, inclined, willing
    1b) noble, princely (in rank)
    1c) noble (in mind and character)
    n m
    2) noble one
  27. ↑ Exodus 33:10 And all the people saw the cloudy pillar stand [at] the tabernacle door: and all the people rose up and worshipped, every man [in] his tent door.
  28. ↑ 08441 ^הבעות^ tow‘ebah \@to-ay-baw’\@ or ^הבעת^ to‘ebah \@to-ay-baw’\@ act part of 08581; n f; {See TWOT on 2530 @@ "2530a"} AV-abomination 113, abominable thing 2, abominable 2; 117
    1) a disgusting thing, abomination, abominable
    1a) in ritual sense (of unclean food, idols, mixed marriages)
    1b) in ethical sense (of wickedness etc)
  29. ↑ 02617 חֵסֵד‎ checed [kheh’-sed] from 02616 "show thyself merciful", Greek 964 βηθεσδα; n m; [BDB-338b, BDB-340a] [{See TWOT on 698 @@ "698a" }] [{See TWOT on 699 @@ "699a" }] AV-mercy 149, kindness 40, lovingkindness 30, goodness 12, kindly 5, merciful 4, favour 3, good 1, goodliness 1, pity 1, reproach 1, wicked thing 1; 248
    1) goodness, kindness, faithfulness
    2) a reproach, shame
  30. ↑ Genesis 35:17
  31. ↑ Tzadik
  32. ↑ Shechina; Songs 2:5 ,Proverbs 27:8
  33. ↑ Tikunim; Charity in Hebrew, tzedaka, spelled TzadikDaletKufHey. Lev. 19:10, 23:22
  34. ↑ sefirot; Judges 5:10
  35. ↑ 03381 יָרַד‎ yarad [yaw-rad’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-432b] [{See TWOT on 909 }] AV-(come, go, etc) down 340, descend 18, variant 2, fell 2, let 1, abundantly 1, down by 1, indeed 1, put off 1, light off 1, out 1, sank 1, subdued 1, take 1; 380
    1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to go or come down
    1a2) to sink
    1a3) to be prostrated
    1a4) to come down (of revelation)
    1b) (Hiphil)
    1b1) to bring down
    1b2) to send down
    1b3) to take down
    1b4) to lay prostrate
    1b5) to let down
    1c) (Hophal)
    1c1) to be brought down
    1c2) to be taken down
  36. ↑ Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
  37. ↑ Deuteronomy 10:16 Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked.
    Deuteronomy 30:6 And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live.
    Jeremiah 4:4 Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and take away the foreskins of your heart, ye men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem: lest my fury come forth like fire, and burn that none can quench [it], because of the evil of your doings.
    Romans 2:29 But he [is] a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision [is that] of the heart, in the spirit, [and] not in the letter; whose praise [is] not of men, but of God.
  38. ↑ Psalms 69:22 Let their table become a snare before them: and [that which should have been] for [their] welfare, [let it become] a trap.
  39. ↑ Romans 11:9 And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumblingblock, and a recompence unto them:
  40. ↑ Genesis 47:24 And it shall come to pass in the increase, that ye shall give the fifth [part] unto Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own, for seed of the field, and for your food, and for them of your households, and for food for your little ones.
  41. ↑ Psalms 141:4 Incline not my heart to [any] evil thing, to practise wicked works with men that work iniquity: and let me not eat of their dainties.
    Proverbs 23:3 Be not desirous of his dainties: for they [are] deceitful meat."
  42. ↑
    Deuteronomy 4:24 For the LORD thy God [is] a consuming fire, [even] a jealous God.
    Deuteronomy 5:25 Now therefore why should we die? for this great fire will consume us: if we hear the voice of the LORD our God any more, then we shall die.
    Deuteronomy 9:3 Understand therefore this day, that the LORD thy God [is] he which goeth over before thee; [as] a consuming fire he shall destroy them, and he shall bring them down before thy face: so shalt thou drive them out, and destroy them quickly, as the LORD hath said unto thee.
    Hebrews 12:29 For our God [is] a consuming fire.
    Matthew 5:22 " But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire."
  43. ↑ 05707 ^דע^ ‘ed \@ayd\@ contracted from 05749; n m; {See TWOT on 1576 @@ "1576b"} AV-witness 69; 69
    1) witness
    1a) witness, testimony, evidence (of things)
    1b) witness (of people)
    • ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
    • ד Dalet Selflessness – Charity, back and forth or through a door or pathway, to enter like a fish (Numeric value: 4)
  44. ↑ 05703 עַד‎ ‘ad [ad] from 05710 ‘adah to pass on,; n m; [BDB-723b] [{See TWOT on 1565 @@ "1565a" }] AV-ever 41, everlasting 2, end 1, eternity 1, ever + 05769 1, evermore 1, old 1, perpetually 1; 49
    1) perpetuity, for ever, continuing future
    1a) ancient (of past time)
    1b) for ever (of future time)
    1b1) of continuous existence
    1c) for ever (of God’s existence)
  45. ↑ Luke 11:48 Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your fathers: for they indeed killed them, and ye build their sepulchres. John 8:41 Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not born of fornication; we have one Father, [even] God.
  46. ↑ Romans 13:12 The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light.
    2 Corinthians 6:14 Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness?
    1 John 2:9 He that saith he is in the light, and hateth his brother, is in darkness even until now.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 4469 ῥακά rhaka [rhak-ah’] of Aramaic origin, cf. 07386 רֵיק‎ empty; n; TDNT-6:973,983; [{ See TDNT 688 }] AV-Raca 1; 1 (See vanity)
    1) empty, i.e. a senseless, empty headed man
    2) a term of reproach used among the Jews in the time of Christ
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Matthew 5:22 " But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. 23 Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee; 24 Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. 25 Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with him; lest at any time the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison. 26 Verily I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou hast paid the uttermost farthing."
  49. ↑ 4644 σκληροτράχηλος sklerotrachelos [sklay-rot-rakh’-ay-los] from 4642 skleros meaning hard or harsh even violent and 5137 trachelos neck; adj; TDNT-5:1029,816; [{See TDNT 610 }] AV-stiffnecked 1; 1
    1) stiffnecked
    2) stubborn, headstrong, obstinate
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