Exodus 10

Comments
Again we see that God is going to allow the Pharaoh to harden his own heartkebed^[1] by reacting to what Moses says and does because of his own lack of humility. Nut uses a different word for hardenedchazaq^[2] in verses v20 and v27 .
In V3 we see the word "how long will you refuse to humble thyself before me" which is "māṯay(how long MemTavYod)^[3] mê’antā(will you refuse MemAlefNunTav)^[4] lê‘ānōṯ(to humble yourself LamedAyinNunTav)^[5] mippānāy(before Me MemPeiNunYod)^[6];" (מָתַ֣י מֵאַ֔נְתָּ לֵעָנֹ֖ת מִפָּנָ֑י)
The term lê‘ānōṯ^[5] is translated afflict 50 times and humble 11. The normal word for humble is Kana^[7] which is KafNunAyin and appears 18 times, subdue 11, bring low 2, bring down 3, subjection once.



The Admonitions of Ipuwer
“The land is without light” Ipuwer 9:11 “[The land] is not bright because of it.”
“What shall we do about it? All is ruin!” Ipuwer 3:13
“Forsooth, that has perished which was yesterday seen. The land is left over to its weariness like the cutting of flax” Ipuwer 5:12 “Forsooth, grain has perished on every side, no fruit or herbs were found” Ipuwer 6:3
“Indeed men are few, and he who places his brother in the ground is everywhere… Indeed [hearts] are violent, pestilence is throughout the land, blood is everywhere, death is not lacking, and the mummy-cloth speaks even before one comes near it.” Ipuwer
[1]

1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened(kebed)^[1] his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew these my signs before him:

2 And that thou mayest tell in the ears of thy son, and of thy son's son, what things I have wrought in Egypt, and my signs which I have done among them; that ye may know how that I am the LORD.

3 And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.

4 Else, if thou refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I bring the locusts into thy coast:

5 And they shall cover the face of the earth, that one cannot be able to see the earth: and they shall eat the residue of that which is escaped, which remaineth unto you from the hail, and shall eat every tree which groweth for you out of the field:

6 And they shall fill thy houses, and the houses of all thy servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; which neither thy fathers, nor thy fathers' fathers have seen, since the day that they were upon the earth unto this day. And he turned himself, and went out from Pharaoh.

7 And Pharaoh's servants said unto him, How long shall this man be a snare unto us? let the men go, that they may serve the LORD their God: knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed?

8 And Moses and Aaron were brought again unto Pharaoh: and he said unto them, Go, serve the LORD your God: but who are they that shall go?

9 And Moses said, We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our herds will we go; for we must hold a feast unto the LORD.

10 And he said unto them, Let the LORD be so with you, as I will let you go, and your little ones: look to it; for evil is before you.

11 Not so: go now ye that are men, and serve the LORD; for that ye did desire. And they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence.

12 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up upon the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail hath left.

13 And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and the LORD brought an east wind upon the land all that day, and all that night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts.

14 And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the coasts of Egypt: very grievous(kebed)^[1] were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.

15 For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left: and there remained not any green thing in the trees, or in the herbs of the field, through all the land of Egypt.

16 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, I have sinned against the LORD your God, and against you.

17 Now therefore forgive, I pray thee, my sin only this once, and intreat the LORD your God, that he may take away from me this death only.

18 And he went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the LORD.

19 And the LORD turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away the locusts, and cast them into the Red sea; there remained not one locust in all the coasts of Egypt.

20 But the LORD hardened(chazaq)^[2] Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

21 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

22 And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:

23 They saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days: but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.

24 And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the LORD; only let your flocks and your herds be stayed: let your little ones also go with you.

25 And Moses said, Thou must give us also sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice unto the LORD our God.

26 Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not an hoof be left behind; for thereof must we take to serve the LORD our God; and we know not with what we must serve the LORD, until we come thither.

27 But the LORD hardened(chazaq)^[2] Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

28 And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to thyself, see my face no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou shalt die.

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↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2
03515 כָּבֵד‎ kebed [kaw-bade’] KufBeitDalet from 03513 KufBeitDalet honour ; adj; [BDB-458a] [{See TWOT on 943 @@ "943a" }] AV-great 8, grievous 8, heavy 8, sore 4, hard 2, much 2, slow 2, hardened 1, heavier 1, laden 1, thick 1; 38
1) heavy, great
1a) heavy

1b) massive, abundant, numerous

1c) heavy, dull

1d) hard, difficult, burdensome

1e) very oppressive, numerous, rich
- Three words used to describe the hardened 03515 kebed, 07185 qashah, 02388 chazaq heart of the Pharaoh by Moses.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2
02388 ^קזח^ chazaq \@khaw-zak’\@ a primitive root ChetZayinKuf; v; {See TWOT on 636} AV-strong 48, repair 47, hold 37, strengthened 28, strengthen 14, harden 13, prevail 10, encourage 9, take 9, courage 8, caught 5, stronger 5, hold 5, misc 52; 290
1) to strengthen, prevail, harden, be strong, become strong, be courageous, be firm, grow firm, be resolute, be sore
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be strong, grow strong
1a1a) to prevail, prevail upon

1a1b) to be firm, be caught fast, be secure

1a1c) to press, be urgent

1a1d) to grow stout, grow rigid, grow hard (bad sense)

1a1e) to be severe, be grievous

1a2) to strengthen

1b) (Piel)
1b1) to make strong

1b2) to restore to strength, give strength

1b3) to strengthen, sustain, encourage

1b4) to make strong, make bold, encourage

1b5) to make firm

1b6) to make rigid, make hard

1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to make strong, strengthen

1c2) to make firm

1c3) to display strength

1c4) to make severe

1c5) to support

1c6) to repair

1c7) to prevail, prevail upon

1c8) to have or take or keep hold of, retain, hold up, sustain, support

1c9) to hold, contain

1d) (Hithpael)
1d1) to strengthen oneself

1d2) to put forth strength, use one’s strength

1d3) to withstand

1d4) to hold strongly with
- ק Kuf or Kof Omnipresence - Redemption of Fallen Sparks The paradoxical union Reish and a Zayin holiness or separateness omnipresence of God [Cord and needle 𐤒 ... back of head neck... the last or least] (Numeric value: 100)
- זָ ז Zayin The "Crowned" head. The Service and Valor, cut and bread, war and nourish. [weapon.... Cut, to cut off, manacle] (Numeric value: 7)
- ח Chet The Life Force - Dynamic nature of - cause and effect - give life and live.[fence, thread, hedge, chamber...cycle] (Numeric value: 8)
- Three words used to describe the hardened 03515 kebed, 07185 qashah, 02388 chazaq heart of the Pharaoh by Moses.
↑ 04970 מָתַי‎ mathay [maw-thah’ee] MemTavYod from an unused root meaning to extend; interr adv; [BDB-607b] [{See TWOT on 1266 }] AV-when, long; 3
1) when?
1a) with prep
1a1) against when?, until when?, how long?, after how long?
↑ 03985 מָאֵן‎ ma’en [maw-ane’] a primitive root MemAlefNun; v; [BDB-549a] [{See TWOT on 1138 }] AV-refuse 40, utterly 1; 41
1) (Piel) to refuse
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 06031 עָנָה‎ ‘anah [aw-naw’] a primitive root AyinNunTav [possibly rather ident. with 06030 "to answer, respond, testify, speak, shout" possibly through the idea of looking down or browbeating]; v; [BDB-776a, BDB-775b] [{See TWOT on 1651 }] [{See TWOT on 1652 }] AV-afflict 50, humble 11, force 5, exercised 2, sing 2, Leannoth 1, troubled 1, weakened 1, misc 11; 84
1) to be occupied, be busied with
1a) (Qal) to be occupied, be busied with

1b) (Hiphil) occupying (part.) [{Ec 5:20 }]

2) to afflict, oppress, humble, be afflicted, be bowed down
2a) (Qal)
2a1) to be put down, become low

2a2) to be depressed, be downcast

2a3) to be afflicted

2a4) to stoop

2b) (Niphal)
2b1) to humble oneself, bow down

2b2) to be afflicted, be humbled
↑ 06440 ^םינפ^ paniym \@paw-neem’\@ pl. PeiNunYodMem (but always as sing.) of an unused noun ^הנפ^ paneh \@paw-neh’\@ from 06437 PeiNunHey turn toward; n m; AV-before 1137, face 390, presence 76, because 67, sight 40, countenance 30, from 27, person 21, upon 20, of 20, … me 18, against 17, … him 16, open 13, for 13, toward 9, misc 195; 2109
1) face
1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly,
from beforetime, before
1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
↑
03665 כָּנַע‎ kana‘ [kaw-nah’] a primitive root KufNunAyin used in the word for Canaan and related to the word hupatasso in the Greek a military term 5293; v; [BDB-488a] [{See TWOT on 1001 }] AV-humble 18, subdue 11, bring low 2, bring down 3, subjection 1, misc 1; 36
1) to be humble, be humbled, be subdued, be brought down, be low, be under, be brought into subjection
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to humble oneself

1a2) to be humbled, be subdued

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to humble

1b2) to subdue
- כ ך Kaf K Crown: To Actualize Potential power from spiritual to physical realm [to cover, strength] (Numeric value: 20)
- נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)
- ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)

[kabed-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 03515 כָּבֵד‎ kebed [kaw-bade’] KufBeitDalet from 03513 KufBeitDalet honour ; adj; [BDB-458a] [{See TWOT on 943 @@ "943a" }] AV-great 8, grievous 8, heavy 8, sore 4, hard 2, much 2, slow 2, hardened 1, heavier 1, laden 1, thick 1; 38
1) heavy, great
1a) heavy

1b) massive, abundant, numerous

1c) heavy, dull

1d) hard, difficult, burdensome

1e) very oppressive, numerous, rich

Three words used to describe the hardened 03515 kebed, 07185 qashah, 02388 chazaq heart of the Pharaoh by Moses.

[2] Three words used to describe the hardened 03515 kebed, 07185 qashah, 02388 chazaq heart of the Pharaoh by Moses.

[chazaq-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 02388 ^קזח^ chazaq \@khaw-zak’\@ a primitive root ChetZayinKuf; v; {See TWOT on 636} AV-strong 48, repair 47, hold 37, strengthened 28, strengthen 14, harden 13, prevail 10, encourage 9, take 9, courage 8, caught 5, stronger 5, hold 5, misc 52; 290
1) to strengthen, prevail, harden, be strong, become strong, be courageous, be firm, grow firm, be resolute, be sore
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be strong, grow strong
1a1a) to prevail, prevail upon

1a1b) to be firm, be caught fast, be secure

1a1c) to press, be urgent

1a1d) to grow stout, grow rigid, grow hard (bad sense)

1a1e) to be severe, be grievous

1a2) to strengthen

1b) (Piel)
1b1) to make strong

1b2) to restore to strength, give strength

1b3) to strengthen, sustain, encourage

1b4) to make strong, make bold, encourage

1b5) to make firm

1b6) to make rigid, make hard

1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to make strong, strengthen

1c2) to make firm

1c3) to display strength

1c4) to make severe

1c5) to support

1c6) to repair

1c7) to prevail, prevail upon

1c8) to have or take or keep hold of, retain, hold up, sustain, support

1c9) to hold, contain

1d) (Hithpael)
1d1) to strengthen oneself

1d2) to put forth strength, use one’s strength

1d3) to withstand

1d4) to hold strongly with

ק Kuf or Kof Omnipresence - Redemption of Fallen Sparks The paradoxical union Reish and a Zayin holiness or separateness omnipresence of God [Cord and needle 𐤒 ... back of head neck... the last or least] (Numeric value: 100)

זָ ז Zayin The "Crowned" head. The Service and Valor, cut and bread, war and nourish. [weapon.... Cut, to cut off, manacle] (Numeric value: 7)

ח Chet The Life Force - Dynamic nature of - cause and effect - give life and live.[fence, thread, hedge, chamber...cycle] (Numeric value: 8)

Three words used to describe the hardened 03515 kebed, 07185 qashah, 02388 chazaq heart of the Pharaoh by Moses.

[4] ק Kuf or Kof Omnipresence - Redemption of Fallen Sparks The paradoxical union Reish and a Zayin holiness or separateness omnipresence of God [Cord and needle 𐤒 ... back of head neck... the last or least] (Numeric value: 100)

[5] זָ ז Zayin The "Crowned" head. The Service and Valor, cut and bread, war and nourish. [weapon.... Cut, to cut off, manacle] (Numeric value: 7)

[6] ח Chet The Life Force - Dynamic nature of - cause and effect - give life and live.[fence, thread, hedge, chamber...cycle] (Numeric value: 8)

[7] Three words used to describe the hardened 03515 kebed, 07185 qashah, 02388 chazaq heart of the Pharaoh by Moses.

[mathay-3] 04970 מָתַי‎ mathay [maw-thah’ee] MemTavYod from an unused root meaning to extend; interr adv; [BDB-607b] [{See TWOT on 1266 }] AV-when, long; 3
1) when?
1a) with prep
1a1) against when?, until when?, how long?, after how long?

[maen-4] 03985 מָאֵן‎ ma’en [maw-ane’] a primitive root MemAlefNun; v; [BDB-549a] [{See TWOT on 1138 }] AV-refuse 40, utterly 1; 41
1) (Piel) to refuse

[anah-5] 5.0 ^5.1 06031 עָנָה‎ ‘anah [aw-naw’] a primitive root AyinNunTav [possibly rather ident. with 06030 "to answer, respond, testify, speak, shout" possibly through the idea of looking down or browbeating]; v; [BDB-776a, BDB-775b] [{See TWOT on 1651 }] [{See TWOT on 1652 }] AV-afflict 50, humble 11, force 5, exercised 2, sing 2, Leannoth 1, troubled 1, weakened 1, misc 11; 84
1) to be occupied, be busied with
1a) (Qal) to be occupied, be busied with

1b) (Hiphil) occupying (part.) [{Ec 5:20 }]

2) to afflict, oppress, humble, be afflicted, be bowed down
2a) (Qal)
2a1) to be put down, become low

2a2) to be depressed, be downcast

2a3) to be afflicted

2a4) to stoop

2b) (Niphal)
2b1) to humble oneself, bow down

2b2) to be afflicted, be humbled

[paniym-6] 06440 ^םינפ^ paniym \@paw-neem’\@ pl. PeiNunYodMem (but always as sing.) of an unused noun ^הנפ^ paneh \@paw-neh’\@ from 06437 PeiNunHey turn toward; n m; AV-before 1137, face 390, presence 76, because 67, sight 40, countenance 30, from 27, person 21, upon 20, of 20, … me 18, against 17, … him 16, open 13, for 13, toward 9, misc 195; 2109
1) face
1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly,
from beforetime, before
1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

[humble-7] 03665 כָּנַע‎ kana‘ [kaw-nah’] a primitive root KufNunAyin used in the word for Canaan and related to the word hupatasso in the Greek a military term 5293; v; [BDB-488a] [{See TWOT on 1001 }] AV-humble 18, subdue 11, bring low 2, bring down 3, subjection 1, misc 1; 36
1) to be humble, be humbled, be subdued, be brought down, be low, be under, be brought into subjection
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to humble oneself

1a2) to be humbled, be subdued

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to humble

1b2) to subdue

כ ך Kaf K Crown: To Actualize Potential power from spiritual to physical realm [to cover, strength] (Numeric value: 20)

נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)

ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)

[13] כ ך Kaf K Crown: To Actualize Potential power from spiritual to physical realm [to cover, strength] (Numeric value: 20)

[14] נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)

[15] ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)

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Exodus 10

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