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[[Amos 3]]:14  That in the day that I shall visit the transgressions of Israel upon him I will also visit the altars of Bethel: and the horns of the altar shall be cut off, and fall to the ground.
[[Amos 3]]:14  That in the day that I shall visit the transgressions of Israel upon him I will also visit the altars of Bethel: and the horns of the altar shall be cut off, and fall to the ground.
Revelation 9:13  And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God.
Revelation 9:13  And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God.
=== [[Simon the Just]] and [[Alexander the Great]] ===
According to the story told by Josephus Flavius, [[Alexander the Great]] reached Jerusalem in 332 B.C. The Talmud ''Yoma 69a'' places his arrival at Jerusalem in 329 BC during the time when ''[[Simon the Just]]'' (Simeon the Righteous, Shimon HaTzadik) was residing as High Priest of the Great Assembly.
Alexander the Great was very tall man by the standards of most nations at the time. He also wore a plumed helmet and was said to be "the two horned one".
The two horns were a claim of authority and power that reached back to the Egyptian [[gods|god]] Ammon and confirmed by the oracle of Zeus-Ammon at Siwa, Egypt, a Syriac Legend, and the Koran with the Islamic epithet Dhu al-Qarnayn the "two-horned",(''Zulqarnain'' "man with two horns").
The Persian king Cyrus who rescued the Jews from their exile in [[Babylon]] allowing them a freedom of religion and a return Israel was also identified by ''two horns''. The king with two horns is mentioned by [[Daniel 8|Daniel Chapter 8]] concerning a vision of a two-horned ram destroyed by a one-horned goat and "little horn". This is reportedly symbolic for the Greek king [[Antiochus Epiphanes|Antiochus IV Epiphanes]].  Moses was also depicted with "horned". And then there are the [[Horns of the altar]] ([[Exodus 27]]:2, [[Exodus 29]]:12-14).
What are these horns all about?
Horns may symbolize power or domination ([[Ezekiel 34]]:21), and destruction ([[Zechariah 1]]:18–21), or rescue from oppression ([[1 Kings 22]]:11; [[2 Chronicles 18]]:10). The seven horns of the Lamb of God also represent divine power ([[Revelation 5]]:6).


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Latest revision as of 22:02, 17 December 2023

Exodus 27:2 "And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and thou shalt overlay it with brass."


The “horns” were believed to be horn-like projections at the four corners of the altar of burnt offering. But the physical altar was a symbol of a living altar made of living stones. So, what were these horns meant to represent and why should there be blood touched to them by the fingers of the priests?

Exodus 29:12 "And thou shalt take of the blood of the bullock, and put it upon the horns of the altar with thy finger, and pour all the blood beside the bottom of the altar."

And why is the blood poured on the side at the bottom of the altar rather than on it?

The word bottom is from the Hebrew word also translated foundation [1]

If we read on in Exodus 29:13[2] take all the fat which was another word for the best part and do something with it in the camp because according to Exodus 29:14[3] the flesh and skin of the bullock and even what they call his dung are to be burned outside the camp.

The Red Heifer is also supposed to be burned up outside the camp too. Understanding what it meant to burn something up and to do it outside the camp may be important to understand when you read about the skin and the flesh being burned outside the camp.

If you also study the booklet Adventures of Artifice in Languageland [1] you may also see the significance of words like kidney and liver and what they are really referring to in the text.

It is easy to go along with the idea that God really wanted men to pile up unhewn stones and set sheep and bullocks on fire to show their love for God. But the truth is these altars were always part of a networking social welfare system in societies where there were no forced taxes to take care of the needy in a daily ministration for the widows and orphans whose families needed help and aid.

It was these systems of freewill offerings and charity operating according to faith, hope, and charity that bound society together with love for one another within the parameters of the Perfect law of liberty. They were not superstitious mindless rituals without purpose or sense. They became that when men unmoored the meaning and purpose from the ritual.

So why horns and what do they represent?

The term for the word horns in the Hebrew is qeren[4]. In Exodus 27:2 we see the word in the phrase "horns of the altar", written קַרְנֹתָ֗יו KufReishNunTavYodVav. The TavYodVav gives a suggestion of the nature of these symbolic horns. In Amos 3:14 we see not only the word horn as קַרְנ֣וֹת KufReishNunVavTav with the Tav of faith cut off but the word for altar[5] is written הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ HeyMemZayinBeitChet. Even the word cut off[6] normally גָּדַע‎ GimelDelatAyin appears as וְנִגְדְּעוּ֙ VavGimelDelatAyinVav.

If we think that altars were merely piles of stone upon which people burned up sheep to make God happy then, by this sophistry, we have become victims of a strong delusion. But if they are systems of organized charity by which a free society create the bands that connect the people through love, faith, and hope then when those systems degenerate into systems of force and compelled offerings faith is cut of and the people go into bondage again.

Just as the unhewn stones of the Altars represented men who did not exercise authority one over the other the horns needed to be "horns [of one piece with it]" and made of bronze. The words "and thou shalt overlay it with brass" in the Hebrew are וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתֹ֖ו נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ [7] The Hebrew letters are VavAyinPeiYodTav AlefTavVav NunChetShinTav. The root words for brass do not contain the letter Tav, nor does the word for overlay nor horns [of one piece with it].

1 Kings 12:26-31[8] speaks of two altars set up in Israel, one in Dan and one in Bethel. These altars had been constructed with horns at the corners, akin to the altar in Jerusalem. But they were said to be put in high places with lowest of priests taken from the people and not from the Levites who met certain requirements set down by God.

These were called Pagan altars but what had really changed in their function. The service to society remained the same but the way in which those services were provided must have been altered with the lowest running things. And was there a significance to the fact they were now located in high places? Was it just that they were up on a hill or because of something else?

The Levites were told that they were not to go up by steps.[9] The reason was that their nakedness would be discovered. Do you really think this was about someone looking up their robs? Or how steep the steps they built? Why are they worried about their nakedness being seen and what does it mean that their underwear was to be sewn by the people?

So people think these altars were pagan because of the mention of a Golden calf but do they know the significance of the Golden calf? If the calves of gold were reserves of gold like a central bank or reserve fund like they were in other city states then the king was storing up gold the same as ruling men accumulate power.

We know that kings were not supposed to accumulate gold or silver according to the advise of God on writing constitutions to rein in kings.[10] This is explained in more detail in Contracts, Covenants and Constitutions. But here the king was doing it. He was also picking men to manage those funds that were the lowest of the people and they were also apparently going up by steps to their high place.

Once you understand the comments of Jesus about the Corban of the Pharisees, if you have ears to hear, you may begin to understand that these so called pagan altars were systems of welfare not functioning like the altars Moses and Abraham intended the people to set up based on love rather than power. In this distinction we can find the same problems between Christian conflict and Rome. What Nimrod was doing and Cain.

There are lots of opinions as to what the horns looked like, but how were they used... what did they do... what purpose did they serve?

The horns of the altar in Jerusalem had provided a refuge and asylum for those who caught hold of the them (1 Kings 1:50-53[11]). This use of the horns sheds additional light on God’s statement in Amos 3:14-15[12]. Some believe that the horns falling to the ground meant that there would be no place of asylum from coming judgment.

We see more symbols of a bed and couch in Amos 3[13] If the bed and couch are only symbols what do the horns symbolize?

And if we look at Exodus 27:2 again we may ask if the altars were living altars and the horns were also a living office of those altars what is the significances of corners overlayed with brass.

Psalms 118:27 God is the LORD, which hath shewed us light: bind the sacrifice with cords, even unto the horns of the altar.

As well as being the symbol of strength and salvation, the horns also speak of security. The Psalmist speaks of binding the sacrifice to the horns... Some say that the horns of the altars were symbolic of the four corners of the earth or kingdoms. When a voice came out of the four horns of the golden altar was the manner and nature and the purpose of the altar being met or bound in righteous prayers, praise, and intercession for all of Israel through the Daily ministration of the sacrifice of the people?

The Levites supplied a system of refuge from wrong judgment and injustice. The Levites were naked or without authority which called men to public service through charity. Such men would be drawn in righteousness to attend to the Weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith which include caring for the needs of our neighbors and the widows and orphans of our society through Pure Religion in matters of health, education, and welfare. We are NOT to provide for the needy of society through the Covetous Practices and the men who call themselves benefactors but who exercise authority one over the other like the socialists do.

The Way of Christ was like neither the way of the world of Rome nor the governments of the gentiles who depend on those fathers of the earth through force, fear and fealty who deliver the people back in bondage again like they were in Egypt. Christ's ministers and true Christians do not depend upon systems of social welfare that force the contributions of the people like the corban of the Pharisees which made the word of God to none effect. Many people have been deceived to go the way of Balaam and the Nicolaitan and out of The Way of Christ and have become workers of iniquity.

The Christian conflict with Rome in the first century Church appointed by Christ was because they would not apply to the fathers of the earth for their free bread but instead relied upon a voluntary network providing a daily ministration to the needy of society through Faith, Hope, and Charity by way of freewill offerings of the people, for the people, and by the people through the perfect law of liberty in Free Assemblies according to the ancient pattern of Tuns or Tens as He commanded.

The modern Christians are in need of repentance.

"Follow me!" —Jesus the Christ.

.

Horns not only represent strength or power but protection and the idea of a shield of security for society and a salvation for the people in distress.

2 Samuel 22:3 The God of my rock; in him will I trust: [he is] my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence.


Other quotes

Exodus 37:25 And he made the incense altar of shittim wood: the length of it was a cubit, and the breadth of it a cubit; it was foursquare; and two cubits was the height of it; the horns thereof were of the same. Exodus 38:2 And he made the horns thereof on the four corners of it; the horns thereof were of the same: and he overlaid it with brass. Leviticus 4:7 And the priest shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar of sweet incense before the LORD, which is in the tabernacle of the congregation; and shall pour all the blood of the bullock at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. Leviticus 4:18 And he shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar which is before the LORD, that is in the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall pour out all the blood at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. Leviticus 4:25 And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out his blood at the bottom of the altar of burnt offering. Leviticus 4:30 And the priest shall take of the blood thereof with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar. Leviticus 4:34 And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar: Leviticus 8:15 And he slew it; and Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar round about with his finger, and purified the altar, and poured the blood at the bottom of the altar, and sanctified it, to make reconciliation upon it.


Leviticus 9:9 And the sons of Aaron brought the blood unto him: and he dipped his finger in the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, and poured out the blood at the bottom of the altar: Leviticus 16:18 And he shall go out unto the altar that is before the LORD, and make an atonement for it; and shall take of the blood of the bullock, and of the blood of the goat, and put it upon the horns of the altar round about. 1 Kings 1:50 And Adonijah feared because of Solomon, and arose, and went, and caught hold on the horns of the altar. 1 Kings 1:51 And it was told Solomon, saying, Behold, Adonijah feareth king Solomon: for, lo, he hath caught hold on the horns of the altar, saying, Let king Solomon swear unto me to day that he will not slay his servant with the sword.


1 Kings 2:28 Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.



Jeremiah 17:1 The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron, and with the point of a diamond: it is graven upon the table of their heart, and upon the horns of your altars; Ezekiel 43:15 So the altar shall be four cubits; and from the altar and upward shall be four horns. Ezekiel 43:20 And thou shalt take of the blood thereof, and put it on the four horns of it, and on the four corners of the settle, and upon the border round about: thus shalt thou cleanse and purge it. Amos 3:14 That in the day that I shall visit the transgressions of Israel upon him I will also visit the altars of Bethel: and the horns of the altar shall be cut off, and fall to the ground. Revelation 9:13 And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God.


Simon the Just and Alexander the Great

According to the story told by Josephus Flavius, Alexander the Great reached Jerusalem in 332 B.C. The Talmud Yoma 69a places his arrival at Jerusalem in 329 BC during the time when Simon the Just (Simeon the Righteous, Shimon HaTzadik) was residing as High Priest of the Great Assembly.

Alexander the Great was very tall man by the standards of most nations at the time. He also wore a plumed helmet and was said to be "the two horned one".

The two horns were a claim of authority and power that reached back to the Egyptian god Ammon and confirmed by the oracle of Zeus-Ammon at Siwa, Egypt, a Syriac Legend, and the Koran with the Islamic epithet Dhu al-Qarnayn the "two-horned",(Zulqarnain "man with two horns").

The Persian king Cyrus who rescued the Jews from their exile in Babylon allowing them a freedom of religion and a return Israel was also identified by two horns. The king with two horns is mentioned by Daniel Chapter 8 concerning a vision of a two-horned ram destroyed by a one-horned goat and "little horn". This is reportedly symbolic for the Greek king Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Moses was also depicted with "horned". And then there are the Horns of the altar (Exodus 27:2, Exodus 29:12-14).

What are these horns all about?

Horns may symbolize power or domination (Ezekiel 34:21), and destruction (Zechariah 1:18–21), or rescue from oppression (1 Kings 22:11; 2 Chronicles 18:10). The seven horns of the Lamb of God also represent divine power (Revelation 5:6).



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Footnotes

  1. ↑ 03247 ^דוסי^ yᵉcowd \@yes-ode’\@ YodShamechVavDalet from 03245 YodShemachDelat; n f; AV-foundation 10, bottom 9, repairing 1; 20
    1) foundation, base
    1a) foundation
    1b) base, bottom
    • י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
    • ס Samech The Eternal Cycle The circular symbolizes the fundamental truth described in the mystery of the ten statements [ prop... Support, turn] (Numeric value: 60)
    • ו Vav Connection, Connecting realms and worlds or the dividing veil between them. [nail... And, Add, secure, hook] (Numeric value: 6)
    • ד Dalet Selflessness – Charity, back and forth or through a door or pathway, to enter like a fish (Numeric value: 4)
  2. ↑ Exodus 29:13 And thou shalt take all the fat that covereth the inwards, and the caul [that is] above the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that [is] upon them, and burn [them] upon the altar.
  3. ↑ Exodus 29:14 But the flesh of the bullock, and his skin, and his dung, shalt thou burn with fire without the camp: it [is] a sin offering.
  4. ↑ 07161 קֶרֶן‎ KufReishNun qeren [keh’-ren] from 07160 to shine, to send out rays; n f/n pr loc; [BDB-901b, BDB-902a] [{See TWOT on 2072 @@ "2072a" }] AV-horn 75, hill 1; 76
    n f
    1) horn
    1a) horn
    1b) of strength (fig)
    1c) flask (container for oil)
    1d) horn (as musical instrument)
    1e) horn (of horn-like projections on the altar)
    1f) of rays of light
    1g) hill
    n pr loc
    2) (BDB) a place conquered by Israel probably in Bashan
    • ק Kuf or Kof Omnipresence - Redemption of Fallen Sparks The paradoxical union Reish and a Zayin holiness or separateness omnipresence of God [Cord and needle 𐤒 ... back of head neck... the last or least] (Numeric value: 100)
    • ר Reish Process of Clarification The "head" or "beginning". Life's revelation. [Head... Person head highest] (Numeric value: 200)
    • נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)
    • In Exodus 27:2 we see the word קַרְנֹתָ֗יו KufReishNunTavYodVav which is seen in Exodus 30:2,3; Exodus 30:10; Exodus 37:25,26; Exodus 38:2, Ezekiel 43:20
  5. ↑ 04196 מִזְבֵּחַ‎ mizbeach [miz-bay’-akh] MemZayinBeitChet from 02076; n m; [BDB-258a] [{See TWOT on 525 @@ "525b" }] AV-altar 402; 402
    1) altar
    • מ ם Mem Fountain of water, a flow, a fountain of the Divine Wisdom [massive, overpower chaos] (Numeric value: 40)
    • זָ ז Zayin The "Crowned" head. The Service and Valor, cut and bread, war and nourish. [weapon.... Cut, to cut off, manacle] (Numeric value: 7)
    • ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)
    • ח Chet The Life Force - Dynamic nature of - cause and effect - give life and live.[fence, thread, hedge, chamber...cycle] (Numeric value: 8)
  6. ↑ 01438 גָּדַע‎ gada‘ [gaw-dah’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-154a] [{See TWOT on 316 }] AV-  …  down 11, cut off 7, asunder 3, cut in sunder 2; 23
    1) to cut, hew, chop, cut down, hew down, hew off, cut off, cut in two, shave off
    1a) (Qal) to hew, chop in two
    1b) (Niphal) to be chopped off, be hewn off
    1c) (Piel) to cut off or down in two, hew off or down in two
    1d) (Pual) to chop down, hew down
  7. ↑ 27:2 Hebrew OT: Westminster Leningrad Codex
    וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ קַרְנֹתָ֗יו עַ֚ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פִּנֹּתָ֔יו מִמֶּ֖נּוּ תִּהְיֶ֣יןָ קַרְנֹתָ֑יו וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתֹ֖ו נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃
  8. ↑ 1 Kings 12:26 And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David: 27 If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah. 28 Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. 29 And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan. 30 And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan. 31 And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi.
  9. ↑ Exodus 20:26 Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon.
  10. ↑ Deuteronomy 17:17 Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away: neither shall he greatly multiply to himself silver and gold.
  11. ↑ 50 And Adonijah feared because of Solomon, and arose, and went, and caught hold on the horns of the altar. 51 And it was told Solomon, saying, Behold, Adonijah feareth king Solomon: for, lo, he hath caught hold on the horns of the altar, saying, Let king Solomon swear unto me to day that he will not slay his servant with the sword. 52 And Solomon said, If he will shew himself a worthy man, there shall not an hair of him fall to the earth: but if wickedness shall be found in him, he shall die. 53 So king Solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar. And he came and bowed himself to king Solomon: and Solomon said unto him, Go to thine house.
  12. ↑ 14 That in the day that I shall visit the transgressions of Israel upon him I will also visit the altars of Bethel: and the horns of the altar shall be cut off, and fall to the ground. 15 And I will smite the winter house with the summer house; and the houses of ivory shall perish, and the great houses shall have an end, saith the LORD.
  13. ↑ Amos 3:11-12 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; An adversary [there shall be] even round about the land; and he shall bring down thy strength from thee, and thy palaces shall be spoiled. 12 Thus saith the LORD; As the shepherd taketh out of the mouth of the lion two legs, or a piece of an ear; so shall the children of Israel be taken out that dwell in Samaria in the corner of a bed, and in Damascus in a couch.
  14. ↑ Matthew 20:25-26 But Jesus called them unto him, and said, Ye know that the princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them, and they that are great exercise authority upon them. But it shall not be so among you: but whosoever will be great among you, let him be your minister;
    Mark 10:42-43 But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that they which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them. But so shall it not be among you: but whosoever will be great among you, shall be your minister:
    Luke 22:25-26 And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and they that exercise authority upon them are called benefactors. But ye shall not be so: but he that is greatest among you, let him be as the younger; and he that is chief, as he that doth serve.



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