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1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened(<span style="background:red; color:white;">kebed</span>)<Ref name="kabed">{{03515}}</Ref> his heart, and the heart of his servants<Ref name="servants">‘ăbādekā AyinBeitDalet[[Yod]][[Kaf]] a servant of a ruler instead of merely ebed AyinBeitDalet, a bondservant<Br>{{05650}}</Ref>ve done among them; that ye may know how that I am the LORD.
1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened(<span style="background:red; color:white;">kebed</span>)<Ref name="kabed">{{03515}}</Ref> his heart, and the heart of his servants,<Ref name="servants">‘ăbādekā AyinBeitDalet[[Yod]][[Kaf]] a servant of a ruler instead of merely ebed AyinBeitDalet, a bondservant<Br>{{05650}}</Ref> that I might shew these my signs before him:


3 And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble<Ref name="anah">{{06031}}</Ref> thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.
3 And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble<Ref name="anah">{{06031}}</Ref> thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.

Revision as of 10:36, 21 January 2023

Comments
Again we see that God is going to allow the Pharaoh to harden his own heartkebed[1] by reacting to what Moses says and does because of his own lack of humility. He does not uses the different word for hardenedchazaq[2] in verses v20 and v27 .
In V3 we see the word "how long will you refuse to humble thyself before me" which is "māṯay(how long MemTavYod)[3] mê’antā(will you refuse MemAlefNunTav)[4] lê‘ānōṯ(to humble yourself LamedAyinNunTav)[5] mippānāy(before Me MemPeiNunYod)[6];" (מָתַ֣י מֵאַ֔נְתָּ לֵעָנֹ֖ת מִפָּנָ֑י)
The term anah[5] is translated afflict 50 times and humble 11 but is defined as "to be occupied" but only in this verse appears as lêānōṯ, suggesting that his answer or response did not include action required by God. The primitive root which is identical is also anah[7] but is translated answer 242 times. The normal word for humble is Kana[8] which is KafNunAyin and appears as humble 18 times, subdue 11, bring low 2, bring down 3, subjection once.
In verse 4 we see the word refuse[4] but it appears without the additional Tav we see in verse 3. Moses warns the Pharaoh that a lot of locusts will come and then he turns away from Pharaoh. And the Pharaoh's servants[9] which is the word ‘ăbādekā instead of merely ebed do not want to be held a snare to Moses and want him to let only the men go.
V7 The word for servants here is ăbādekā[9] where a common word for servant ebed. Adding a Yod often creates "my servant" but adding YodKaf[10] often refers to a rulers servant. The term locust was also a symbol in other books of the Bible for that which can eat out your substance.
The word worshipper does not appear in the Old Testament except as a translation of abad or ebed which clearly means to serve. The word for worship is often shachah. Study Aboda.
The word snare in verse 7 is the same word translated trap in Psalms 69:22 "Let their table become a snare[11] before them: and [that which should have been] for [their] welfare, [let it become] a trap[12]."
V8-V11 Who shall go out with you to serve? Verse 10 suggests "He would permit the grown-up men to go away; but no other terms would be listened to"[13] because the Pharaoh sees Moses as "evil is before your faces—i.e., you contemplate doing me a mischief, by depriving me of the services of so large a body of labourers."[14]
V16 The Pharaoh admits "I have sinned" using the word ChetTetAlef[15] but with an additional TavYod. When calling themselves wicked the term rasha‘[16] (AyinShinReish(עשְׁרָ)) but we see in the text a word similar to what we see in Exodus 9:27 hārəšā‘îm (HeyReishShinAyinYodMem(הָרְשָׁעִֽים)) but instead we see ḥāṭāṯî (ChetTetAlefTavYodMem(חָטָ֛אתִי)).
V28 Threatens to kill Moses and seals his own fate.[17] "Thou shalt die.—Egyptian kings had the power of life and death, but rarely exercised it arbitrarily, or without trial."[18]
The Admonitions of Ipuwer
V15 “The land is without light” Ipuwer 9:11
“[The land] is not bright because of it.”
V7, V21-23 “What shall we do about it? All is ruin!” Ipuwer 3:13
“Indeed men are few, and he who places his brother in the ground is everywhere… Indeed [hearts] are violent, pestilence is throughout the land, blood is everywhere, death is not lacking, and the mummy-cloth speaks even before one comes near it.” Ipuwer
[1]

The Eighth Plague: Locusts

1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened(kebed)[1] his heart, and the heart of his servants,[9] that I might shew these my signs before him:

3 And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble[5] thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.

4 Else, if thou refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I bring the locusts[19] into thy coast:

5 And they shall cover the face of the earth, that one cannot be able to see the earth: and they shall eat the residue of that which is escaped, which remaineth unto you from the hail, and shall eat every tree which groweth for you out of the field:

6 And they shall fill thy houses, and the houses of all thy servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; which neither thy fathers, nor thy fathers' fathers have seen, since the day that they were upon the earth unto this day. And he turned himself, and went out from Pharaoh.

Servants of Pharaoh

7 And Pharaoh's servants[9] said unto him, How long shall this man be a snare unto us? let the men go, that they may serve the LORD their God: knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed?

Men only

8 And Moses and Aaron were brought again unto Pharaoh: and he said unto them, Go, serve the LORD your God: but who are they that shall go?

9 And Moses said, We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our herds will we go; for we must hold a feast unto the LORD.

10 And he said unto them, Let the LORD be so with you, as I will let you go, and your little ones: look to it; for evil is before you.

Moses driven out

11 Not so: go now ye that are men, and serve the LORD; for that ye did desire. And they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence.

12 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up upon the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail hath left.

13 And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and the LORD brought an east wind upon the land all that day, and all that night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts.

14 And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the coasts of Egypt: very grievous(kebed)[1] were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.

15 For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left: and there remained not any green thing in the trees, or in the herbs of the field, through all the land of Egypt.

Sinned

16 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, I have sinned[15] against the LORD your God, and against you.

17 Now therefore forgive, I pray thee, my sin only this once, and intreat the LORD your God, that he may take away from me this death only.

18 And he went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the LORD.

19 And the LORD turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away the locusts, and cast them into the Red sea; there remained not one locust in all the coasts of Egypt.

20 But the LORD hardened(chazaq)[2] Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

The Ninth Plague: Darkness

21 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

22 And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:

23 They saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days: but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.

Called unto Moses

24 And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the LORD; only let your flocks and your herds be stayed: let your little ones also go with you.

Moses now demands

25 And Moses said, Thou must give us also sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice unto the LORD our God.

26 Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not an hoof be left behind; for thereof must we take to serve the LORD our God; and we know not with what we must serve the LORD, until we come thither.

27 But the LORD hardened(chazaq)[2] Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

28 And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to thyself, see my face no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou shalt die.

29 And Moses said, Thou hast spoken well, I will see thy face again no more.

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 03515 כָּבֵד‎ kebed [kaw-bade’] KufBeitDalet from 03513 KufBeitDalet honour ; adj; [BDB-458a] [{See TWOT on 943 @@ "943a" }] AV-great 8, grievous 8, heavy 8, sore 4, hard 2, much 2, slow 2, hardened 1, heavier 1, laden 1, thick 1; 38
    1) heavy, great
    1a) heavy
    1b) massive, abundant, numerous
    1c) heavy, dull
    1d) hard, difficult, burdensome
    1e) very oppressive, numerous, rich
    • Three words used to describe the hardened 03515 kebed, 07185 qashah, 02388 chazaq heart of the Pharaoh by Moses.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 02388 ^קזח^ chazaq \@khaw-zak’\@ a primitive root ChetZayinKuf; v; {See TWOT on 636} AV-strong 48, repair 47, hold 37, strengthened 28, strengthen 14, harden 13, prevail 10, encourage 9, take 9, courage 8, caught 5, stronger 5, hold 5, misc 52; 290
    1) to strengthen, prevail, harden, be strong, become strong, be courageous, be firm, grow firm, be resolute, be sore
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to be strong, grow strong
    1a1a) to prevail, prevail upon
    1a1b) to be firm, be caught fast, be secure
    1a1c) to press, be urgent
    1a1d) to grow stout, grow rigid, grow hard (bad sense)
    1a1e) to be severe, be grievous
    1a2) to strengthen
    1b) (Piel)
    1b1) to make strong
    1b2) to restore to strength, give strength
    1b3) to strengthen, sustain, encourage
    1b4) to make strong, make bold, encourage
    1b5) to make firm
    1b6) to make rigid, make hard
    1c) (Hiphil)
    1c1) to make strong, strengthen
    1c2) to make firm
    1c3) to display strength
    1c4) to make severe
    1c5) to support
    1c6) to repair
    1c7) to prevail, prevail upon
    1c8) to have or take or keep hold of, retain, hold up, sustain, support
    1c9) to hold, contain
    1d) (Hithpael)
    1d1) to strengthen oneself
    1d2) to put forth strength, use one’s strength
    1d3) to withstand
    1d4) to hold strongly with
    • ק Kuf or Kof Omnipresence - Redemption of Fallen Sparks The paradoxical union Reish and a Zayin holiness or separateness omnipresence of God [Cord and needle 𐤒 ... back of head neck... the last or least] (Numeric value: 100)
    • זָ ז Zayin The "Crowned" head. The Service and Valor, cut and bread, war and nourish. [weapon.... Cut, to cut off, manacle] (Numeric value: 7)
    • ח Chet The Life Force - Dynamic nature of - cause and effect - give life and live.[fence, thread, hedge, chamber...cycle] (Numeric value: 8)
    • Three words used to describe the hardened 03515 kebed, 07185 qashah, 02388 chazaq heart of the Pharaoh by Moses.
  3. ↑ 04970 מָתַי‎ mathay [maw-thah’ee] MemTavYod from an unused root meaning to extend; interr adv; [BDB-607b] [{See TWOT on 1266 }] AV-when, long; 3
    1) when?
    1a) with prep
    1a1) against when?, until when?, how long?, after how long?
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 03985 מָאֵן‎ ma’en [maw-ane’] a primitive root MemAlefNun; v; [BDB-549a] [{See TWOT on 1138 }] AV-refuse 40, utterly 1; 41
    1) (Piel) to refuse
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 06031 עָנָה‎ ‘anah [aw-naw’] a primitive root AyinNunTav [possibly rather ident. with 06030 "to answer, respond, testify, speak, shout" possibly through the idea of looking down or browbeating]; v; [BDB-776a, BDB-775b] [{See TWOT on 1651 }] [{See TWOT on 1652 }] AV-afflict 50, humble 11, force 5, exercised 2, sing 2, Leannoth 1, troubled 1, weakened 1, misc 11; 84
    1) to be occupied, be busied with
    1a) (Qal) to be occupied, be busied with
    1b) (Hiphil) occupying (part.) [{Ec 5:20 }]
    2) to afflict, oppress, humble, be afflicted, be bowed down
    2a) (Qal)
    2a1) to be put down, become low
    2a2) to be depressed, be downcast
    2a3) to be afflicted
    2a4) to stoop
    2b) (Niphal)
    2b1) to humble oneself, bow down
    2b2) to be afflicted, be humbled
  6. ↑ 06440 ^םינפ^ paniym \@paw-neem’\@ pl. PeiNunYodMem (but always as sing.) of an unused noun ^הנפ^ paneh \@paw-neh’\@ from 06437 PeiNunHey turn toward; n m; AV-before 1137, face 390, presence 76, because 67, sight 40, countenance 30, from 27, person 21, upon 20, of 20,  … me 18, against 17,  … him 16, open 13, for 13, toward 9, misc 195; 2109
    1) face
    1a) face, faces
    1b) presence, person
    1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
    1d) face (of animals)
    1e) face, surface (of ground)
    1f) as adv of loc/temp
    1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly,
    from beforetime, before
    1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
  7. ↑ 06030 עָנָה‎ AyinNunHey ‘anah [aw-naw’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-732b, BDB-772b, BDB-777a] [{See TWOT on 1650 }] [{See TWOT on 1653 }] AV-answer 242, hear 42, testify 12, speak 8, sing 4, bear 3, cry 2, witness 2, give 1, misc 13; 329 See also 06031
    1) to answer, respond, testify, speak, shout
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to answer, respond to
    1a2) to testify, respond as a witness
    1b) (Niphal)
    1b1) to make answer
    1b2) to be answered, receive answer
    2) (Qal) to sing, utter tunefully
    3) (Qal) to dwell
    • ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
    • נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)
    • ה Hey Expression, Thought, Speech, Action. Manifest seeds of thought and life. [Emphasize, jubilation, window, fence] (Numeric value: 5)
  8. ↑ 03665 כָּנַע‎ kana‘ [kaw-nah’] a primitive root KufNunAyin used in the word for Canaan and related to the word hupatasso in the Greek a military term 5293; v; [BDB-488a] [{See TWOT on 1001 }] AV-humble 18, subdue 11, bring low 2, bring down 3, subjection 1, misc 1; 36
    1) to be humble, be humbled, be subdued, be brought down, be low, be under, be brought into subjection
    1a) (Niphal)
    1a1) to humble oneself
    1a2) to be humbled, be subdued
    1b) (Hiphil)
    1b1) to humble
    1b2) to subdue
    • כ ך Kaf K Crown: To Actualize Potential power from spiritual to physical realm [to cover, strength] (Numeric value: 20)
    • נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)
    • ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 ‘ăbādekā AyinBeitDaletYodKaf a servant of a ruler instead of merely ebed AyinBeitDalet, a bondservant
    05650 ^דבע^ ‘ebed AyinBeitDalet \@eh’- bed\@ from 05647 verb serve; n m; AV-servant 744, manservant 23, bondman 21, bondage 10, bondservant 1, on all sides 1; 800
    1) slave, servant
    1a) slave, servant, man-servant
    1b) subjects; metaph., one who gives himself up to another’s will, those whose service is used by Christ in extending and advancing his cause
    among men
    1c) servants, worshippers (of God)
    1d) servant (in special sense as prophets, Levites etc)
    1e) servant (of Israel)
    1f) servant (as form of address between equals)
    The word worshipper does not appear in the Old Testament except as a translation of abad which clearly means to serve. The word for worship is often shachah. Study Aboda
    • ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
    • ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)
    • ד Dalet Selflessness – Charity, back and forth or through a door or pathway, to enter like a fish (Numeric value: 4)
  10. ↑ There are many forms of Ebed as both a noun and a verb
    * ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
    * ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)
    * ד Dalet Selflessness – Charity, back and forth or through a door or pathway, to enter like a fish (Numeric value: 4)
    * י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
    * כ ך Kaf K Crown: To Actualize Potential power from spiritual to physical realm [to cover, strength] (Numeric value: 20)
  11. ↑ 06341 ^חפ^ pach \@pakh\@ from 06351; n m; AV-snare 22, gin 2, plate 2, snares + 03027 1; 27
    1) bird trap, trap, snare
    1a) bird trap (literal)
    1b) of calamities, plots, source or agent of calamity (fig.)
    2) plate (of metal)
  12. ↑ 04170 ^שׁקומ^ mowqesh \@mo-kashe’\@ or ^שׁקמ^ moqesh \@mo-kashe’\@ from 03369; n m; AV-snare 20, gin 3, trap 2, ensnared 1, snared 1; 27 1) bait, lure, snare
  13. ↑ Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
  14. ↑ Ellicott's Commentary
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 02398 ^אטח^ chata’ \@khaw-taw’\@ a primitive root; Chet Dynamic nature of -cause and effect-, Tet Hidden power, Alef God/man dynamic. v; AV-sin 188, purify 11, cleanse 8, sinner 8, committed 6, offended 4, blame 2, done 2, fault 1, harm 1, loss 1, miss 1, offender 1, purge 1, reconciliation 1, sinful 1, trespass 1; 238
    1) to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrong, incur guilt, forfeit, purify from uncleanness
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to miss
    1a2) to sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty
    1a3) to incur guilt, incur penalty by sin, forfeit
    1b) (Piel)
    1b1) to bear loss
    1b2) to make a sin-offering
    1b3) to purify from sin
    1b4) to purify from uncleanness
    1c) (Hiphil)
    1c1) to miss the mark
    1c2) to induce to sin, cause to sin
    1c3) to bring into guilt or condemnation or punishment
    1d) (Hithpael)
    1d1) to miss oneself, lose oneself, wander from the way
    1d2) to purify oneself from uncleanness
  16. ↑ 07563 עשׁר AyinShinReish rasha‘ raw-shaw’ from the verb 07561 AyinShinReish condemn; adj; {See TWOT on 2222 @@ "2222b"} AV-wicked 249, ungodly 8, wicked man 3, misc 3; 263
    1) wicked, criminal
    1a) guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)
    1b) wicked (hostile to God)
    1c) wicked, guilty of sin (against God or man)
    • ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
    • ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)
    • ר Reish Process of Clarification The "head" or "beginning". Life's revelation. [Head... Person head highest] (Numeric value: 200)
  17. ↑ Matthew 7:1 Judge not, that ye be not judged.:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
  18. ↑ Ellicott's Commentary
  19. ↑ 0697 ^הברא^ ‘arbeh \@ar-beh’\@ AlefReshBeitHey said to be from רָבָה‎ rabah ReshBeitHey 07235 which means "be or become great, be or become many, be or become much, be or become numerous"; n m; {See TWOT on 2103 @@ "2103a"} AV-locust 20, grasshopper 4; 24 a.k.a. the swarming locust
    1) a kind of locust, locust swarm (coll)
    2) (CLBL)
    2a) sudden disappearance (fig.)
    2b) insignificance (fig.)
    2c) activity (fig.)
    Note:
    • 0696 אֹרֶב‎ ‘oreb AlefReshBeit is defined "ambuscade, hiding place... treachery, deceit (fig.)
    • 0695 אֶרֶב‎ ‘ereb AlefReshBeit is defined "a lying-in-wait ... covert, lair, den" also ambush in Arabic.
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