First Council of Nicaea: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:18, 22 May 2022

The First Council of Nicaea was a **council of bishops** who were convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea **by the order of** the Roman Emperor **Constantine** I in AD 325.
The *Icon* is depicting Emperor Constantine, accompanied by his bishops of the First Council of Nicaea, holding the Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed of 381 which is impossible since it would be written 50 years later. Constantine was instituting a new Church maintaining some of the teachings of Christ for his own purposes that often strayed considerably from the Doctrines of Jesus which *crept* into the minds of the people altering The Way of righteousness.

This general synod^[1] was announced by Hosius of Cordoba^[2] and was to be held in Ancyra. These new bishops chosen by the people who converted to "Christianity" by the Edict of Milan would divide people with the doctrines of men opposing the Doctrines of Jesus.

What were these new doctrines and what would their effect be then and now?

Emperor Constantine eventually moved the convocation that was to be in Ancyra to Nicaea. This First Council of Nicaea opened on 20 May 325and was "quite different" in its purposes and outcome. "Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tagthere was to be a synod^[3] at Antioch led by his advisor Hosius of Cordoba. They had called all 1800 bishops of the Christian church (about 1000 in the east and 800 in the west), but only 250 to 320 bishops actually participated.

This council was called ecumenical^[4] and was an effort to attain consensus in a group identified as a church through an assembly representing a new form of Christendom and would depend upon the approval and support of Constantine to impose their goals on all who disagreed.

"The ancient church historians affirmed that it was Constantine himself who convened the Council of Nicaea. However, a chronological examination of the contemporary documents shows that the convocation of Nicaea was quite different... Constantine’s participation was decisive for the success of Nicaea..."Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag appears at the court of Constantine after the Edict of Milan was signed in February. mentioned by name in a constitution directed by the emperor to Caecilianus of Carthage in that year. He is not listed among the attendees of the Synod of Arles of 314,

320 or 321 Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria, convoked a council at Alexandria at which more than one hundred bishops from Egypt and Libya anathematized Arius, his deacon.[2] In autumn 324 Hosius was the bearer of Constantine's letter to Bishop Alexander and Arius, in which he urged them to reconcile. After the Synod in Alexandria, Hosius led another synod in Antioch probably on the occasion of the election of Eustathius, after the death of Philogonius on November 324.

Leaders attended such as Eustathius of Antioch^[5], Alexander of Alexandria^[6], Athanasius^[7], and Marcellus of Ancyra^[8] all adhered to the Homoousian position. ^[9]

The council and most of its participants wanted to exercise authority one over the other and what they could believe, such as, who could be ministers of the people and who should be exiled. They also wanted to continue to receive financial support from Constantine.

The Council of Nicaea, in May 325, would declare Arius a heretic after he refused to sign the formula of faith stating that Christ was of the same divine nature as God.

Arius asserted a dissimilarity between the Son and the Father. Arianism holds that the Son is distinct from the Father and therefore subordinate to him which is concluded from Jesus conversation and prayers with God the Father and submission to His will.

In spite of his sympathy for Arius, Eusebius of Caesarea adhered to the decisions of the Council, accepting the entire creed.

If we take into consideration Christ's prohibition to His followers concerning exercising authority one over the other a serious concern may arise as to the authority of such a council.

These men were assembled by Constantine who convoked men^[10] into a council that chose to banish Arian leaders from their churches for heresy. There is no doubt that under the Perfect law of liberty christian laity, ministers, deacons and bishops have the right to state they believe Arian leaders were heretics. Arianism was a doctrine that held that Christ was not divine but was a created being. That certainly may be incorrect for many reasons but did they have a right to banish people because they disagreed with them?

They also established the equality of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit in what they identified as the Trinity and asserted that only the Son became incarnate as Jesus Christ.

It is said to be a synod^[11] held at Antioch where, bishops who were supporting Arius were suspended

The power to suspend a bishop is the power to exercise authority one over the other.

Where did such power come from?

There were at least 7 other councils.^[12]

Many of these bishops like Ambrose were not chosen as Christ had commanded nor were the people claiming to be believers in Christ who were electing them true [followers]] of The Way of Christ.

They were still fond of the legal charity provided by Constantine which was the wages of unrighteousness.

The idea of banishing a minister is certainly not compatible with the free practice of religion nor the directives of Jesus.

The early Church was organized in small groups of ten families as Christ commanded. Those group also gathered with each other through a network of ministers including deacons and bishops.

This was essential for a righteous daily ministration as needed or as practical. Christians would not partake of the free bread or dainties or welfare offered by the governments of the world because they exercise authority one over the other which Christ forbid.

Without that network of tens, hundreds and thousands Paul and Barnabas would not have been able to bring the relief provided by them as we see in Acts and the Epistles and survival without the "reward of unrighteousness" would have been near impossible during the dearths spoken of in the Bible.

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Footnotes

↑ synod is from the Greek synodos, an “assembly”, in a church, a local or provincial assembly of bishops or other church officials meeting to resolve questions of discipline or administration. To determine is it is a Christian synod are they coming into one accord or are they choosing to exercise authority or "legislative authority" which Christ forbid.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hosius
↑ The term synod is from the Greek synodos, an “assembly”, in a church, a local or provincial assembly of bishops or other church officials meeting to resolve questions of discipline or administration. To determine is it is a Christian synod are they coming into one accord or are they choosing to exercise authority or "legislative authority" which Christ forbid.
↑ An ecumenical council, also called general council, is a meeting of bishops and other church authorities to consider and rule on questions of Christian doctrine, administration, discipline, and other matters. "Council Christianity". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
↑ He detested the Arian heresy, and would not receive those who held Arian opinions, an attack on him was made so that he died in exile, after the return of Eusebius of Nicomedia and Theognis from exile.
↑ Was given the authority to settle the dating of Easter, judge the actions of Meletius of Lycopolis, and opposed Arianism. He thought he should not serve as both presiding official and chief accuser of Arianism allowing the presidency to go to Hosius of Cordova. After lengthy discussion, the council issued a decision which, among other things, confirmed the anathema of Arius, authorized Alexander, at his urging, to allow Meletius to retain his episcopal title, but not be able to exercise any episcopal powers.
↑ http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E01235 Was the chief defender of Trinitarianism against Arianism, and a noted Coptic Christian (Egyptian) leader who was exiled for cutting off essential grain supplies to Arians of Constantinople in need. There were several other times he was exiled from his "episcopal see" which was said to be an "ecclesiastical jurisdiction".
↑ Marcellus was deposed at Constantinople in 336 at a council under the presidency of Eusebius of Nicomedia, the Arian, and Basil of Ancyra appointed to his "episcopal see". Marcellus sought redress at Rome from Pope Julius I, who wrote to the bishops who had deposed Marcellus, arguing that Marcellus was innocent of the charges brought against him. In his Ecclesiastical History, Sozomen noted that Marcellus, in order to convert the pagans more easily in Apamea, “destroyed the temples of the city and its villages".
↑ Eusebius of Caesarea counted 250, Athanasius of Alexandria counted 318, and Eustathius of Antioch counted 270 (all three were present at the council). Later, Socrates Scholasticus recorded more than 300, and Evagrius, Hilarius, Saint Jerome and Rufinus recorded 318.
↑ call together or summon (an assembly or meeting)
↑ synod is from the Greek synodos, an “assembly”, in a church, a local or provincial assembly of bishops or other church officials meeting to resolve questions of discipline or administration. To determine is it is a Christian synod are they coming into one accord or are they choosing to exercise authority or "legislative authority" which Christ forbid.
↑ Council of Constantinople in 381, the Council of Ephesus in 431, the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the Second Council of Constantinople in 553, the Third Council of Constantinople from 680–681 and finally, the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.

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See more Forbidden Definitions

[1] synod is from the Greek synodos, an “assembly”, in a church, a local or provincial assembly of bishops or other church officials meeting to resolve questions of discipline or administration. To determine is it is a Christian synod are they coming into one accord or are they choosing to exercise authority or "legislative authority" which Christ forbid.

[hosius-2] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hosius

[3] The term synod is from the Greek synodos, an “assembly”, in a church, a local or provincial assembly of bishops or other church officials meeting to resolve questions of discipline or administration. To determine is it is a Christian synod are they coming into one accord or are they choosing to exercise authority or "legislative authority" which Christ forbid.

[ecumenical-4] An ecumenical council, also called general council, is a meeting of bishops and other church authorities to consider and rule on questions of Christian doctrine, administration, discipline, and other matters. "Council Christianity". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 September 2020.

[5] He detested the Arian heresy, and would not receive those who held Arian opinions, an attack on him was made so that he died in exile, after the return of Eusebius of Nicomedia and Theognis from exile.

[6] Was given the authority to settle the dating of Easter, judge the actions of Meletius of Lycopolis, and opposed Arianism. He thought he should not serve as both presiding official and chief accuser of Arianism allowing the presidency to go to Hosius of Cordova. After lengthy discussion, the council issued a decision which, among other things, confirmed the anathema of Arius, authorized Alexander, at his urging, to allow Meletius to retain his episcopal title, but not be able to exercise any episcopal powers.

[7] ttp://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E01235 Was the chief defender of Trinitarianism against Arianism, and a noted Coptic Christian (Egyptian) leader who was exiled for cutting off essential grain supplies to Arians of Constantinople in need. There were several other times he was exiled from his "episcopal see" which was said to be an "ecclesiastical jurisdiction".

[8] Marcellus was deposed at Constantinople in 336 at a council under the presidency of Eusebius of Nicomedia, the Arian, and Basil of Ancyra appointed to his "episcopal see". Marcellus sought redress at Rome from Pope Julius I, who wrote to the bishops who had deposed Marcellus, arguing that Marcellus was innocent of the charges brought against him. In his Ecclesiastical History, Sozomen noted that Marcellus, in order to convert the pagans more easily in Apamea, “destroyed the temples of the city and its villages".

[9] Eusebius of Caesarea counted 250, Athanasius of Alexandria counted 318, and Eustathius of Antioch counted 270 (all three were present at the council). Later, Socrates Scholasticus recorded more than 300, and Evagrius, Hilarius, Saint Jerome and Rufinus recorded 318.

[10] together or summon (an assembly or meeting)

[11] synod is from the Greek synodos, an “assembly”, in a church, a local or provincial assembly of bishops or other church officials meeting to resolve questions of discipline or administration. To determine is it is a Christian synod are they coming into one accord or are they choosing to exercise authority or "legislative authority" which Christ forbid.

[12] Council of Constantinople in 381, the Council of Ephesus in 431, the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the Second Council of Constantinople in 553, the Third Council of Constantinople from 680–681 and finally, the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
-This general ''synod''<Ref name="">synod is from the Greek synodos, an “assembly”, in a church, a local or provincial assembly of bishops or other church officials meeting to resolve questions of discipline or administration. To determine is it is a Christian synod are they coming into [[one accord]] or are they choosing to [[exercise authority|exercise authority or "legislative authority" which Christ forbid.]] </Ref> was announced by Hosius of Cordoba<Ref name="hosius"></Ref> would be held in ''Ancyra'' that would divide the Church.
+This general ''synod''<Ref name="">synod is from the Greek synodos, an “assembly”, in a church, a local or provincial assembly of bishops or other church officials meeting to resolve questions of discipline or administration. To determine is it is a Christian synod are they coming into [[one accord]] or are they choosing to [[exercise authority|exercise authority or "legislative authority" which Christ forbid.]] </Ref> was announced by Hosius of Cordoba<Ref name="hosius"></Ref> and was to be held in ''Ancyra''. These new bishops chosen by the people who converted to "Christianity" by the [[Edict of Milan]]  would divide people with the doctrines of men opposing the [[Doctrines of Jesus]].
-Emperor [[Constantine]] eventually moved the convocation to ''Nicaea''. The First Council of Nicaea opened on 20 May 325. "<Ref  name="SamuelF">"The ancient church historians affirmed that it was Constantine himself who convened the Council of Nicaea. However, a chronological examination of the contemporary documents shows that the convocation of Nicaea was quite different. This essay aims to examine the origin of the idea of holding the Nicene council. According to the available data, Ossius of Cordoba convened the great episcopal council that was to be held at Ancyra but ultimately occurred in Nicaea. Although Constantine’s participation was decisive for the success of Nicaea, the study of the historical sources indicates that the original idea of holding the council that ultimately occurred at Nicaea must be credited to Ossius."[https://academic.oup.com/jts/article-abstract/71/1/196/5822795 Abstract]. ''Who Convened the First Council of Nicaea: Constantine or Ossius?'' Samuel Fernández, The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 71, Issue 1, April 2020, Pages 196–211,  Published by Oxford University Press.<Ref>
+What were these ''new doctrines'' and what would their effect be then and now?
-[[Constantine]], upon the recommendations of the synod<Ref name="">The term ''synod'' is from the Greek ''synodos'', an “assembly”, in a church, a local or provincial assembly of bishops or other church officials meeting to resolve questions of discipline or administration. To determine is it is a Christian synod are they coming into [[one accord]] or are they choosing to [[exercise authority|exercise authority or "legislative authority" which Christ forbid.]] </Ref> at Antioch led by his advisor Hosius of Cordoba<Ref name="hosius"> Hosius of Corduba, also known as Osius or Ossius, was a bishop of Corduba and a prominent advocate for ''Homoousion Christianity'' in the Arian controversy that divided the early Christianity. He probably presided at the First Council of Nicaea and also presided at the Council of Serdica. After Lactantius, he was the closest Christian advisor to Emperor [[Constantine]] the Great and guided the content of public utterances, such as [[Constantine]]'s [[Oration to the Saints]], addressed to the assembled bishops. He was willing to exile others he was also exiled remaining obstinate in his support of Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor, an anti Arian trinitarian Coptic exiled no less than 5 times.
+Emperor [[Constantine]] eventually moved the convocation that was to be in ''Ancyra'' to ''Nicaea''. This First Council of Nicaea opened on 20 May 325and was "quite different" in its purposes and outcome. "<Ref  name="SamuelF">"The ancient church historians affirmed that it was Constantine himself who convened the Council of Nicaea. However, a chronological examination of the contemporary documents shows that the convocation of Nicaea was quite different. This essay aims to examine the origin of the idea of holding the Nicene council. According to the available data, Ossius of Cordoba convened the great episcopal council that was to be held at Ancyra but ultimately occurred in Nicaea. Although Constantine’s participation was decisive for the success of Nicaea, the study of the historical sources indicates that the original idea of holding the council that ultimately occurred at Nicaea must be credited to Ossius."[https://academic.oup.com/jts/article-abstract/71/1/196/5822795 Abstract]. ''Who Convened the First Council of Nicaea: Constantine or Ossius?'' Samuel Fernández, The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 71, Issue 1, April 2020, Pages 196–211,  Published by Oxford University Press.<Ref>
-</Ref>  had called all 1800 bishops of the Christian church (about 1000 in the east and 800 in the west), but only 250 to 320 bishops actually participated.
+[[Constantine]], upon the recommendations of Hosius of Corduba<Ref name="Hosius ">Hosius of Corduba, also known as Osius or Ossius, was a bishop of Corduba and a prominent advocate for ''Homoousion Christianity'' in the Arian controversy that divided the early Christianity. He is believed to have presided at the First Council of Nicaea and also presided at the Council of Serdica. After Lactantius, he was the closest Christian advisor to Emperor [[Constantine]] the Great and guided the content of public utterances, such as [[Constantine]]'s [[Oration to the Saints]], addressed to the assembled bishops. He was willing to exile others he was also exiled remaining obstinate in his support of Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor, an anti Arian trinitarian Coptic exiled no less than 5 times.</Ref>there was to be a synod<Ref name="">The term ''synod'' is from the Greek ''synodos'', an “assembly”, in a church, a local or provincial assembly of bishops or other church officials meeting to resolve questions of discipline or administration. To determine is it is a Christian synod are they coming into [[one accord]] or are they choosing to [[exercise authority|exercise authority or "legislative authority" which Christ forbid.]] </Ref> at Antioch led by his advisor Hosius of Cordoba. They had called all 1800 bishops of the Christian church (about 1000 in the east and 800 in the west), but only 250 to 320 bishops actually participated.
 This council was called ecumenical<Ref name="ecumenical">An ecumenical council, also called general council, is a meeting of bishops and other church authorities to consider and rule on questions of Christian doctrine, administration, discipline, and other matters. "Council Christianity". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 September 2020.</Ref> and was an effort to attain consensus in a group identified as a church through an assembly representing a new form of Christendom and would depend upon the approval and support of Constantine to impose their goals on all who disagreed.

First Council of Nicaea: Difference between revisions

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