Son of God
Caesar the Son of God
The deification of Roman emperors makes more sense when we understand these terms in the light of a social and political hierarchy. The social bonds necessary for a viable republic were in sever decline since the centralization of wealth and power during the time of the Historian Polybius and before. But with the reforms in the structure of the Roman army by Gaius Marius (157-86 BCE), Julius Caesar's uncle, a new opportunity to corrupt the character and souls of the Roman people and the world of Rome emerged.
“The son of god” is a phrase used to describe both Jesus the Christ and Augustus Caesar.
Julius Caesar's first job was Flamen Dialis or the high priest of the Temple of Jupiter.[1]
The Latin, Iuppiter becomes Diespiter vis-a-vis, Deus pāter. So, the term Diespiter was the Old Latin form of the name Jupiter which literally meant the “Sky Father” which can also translate our "heavenly father" or “sky god”. This could also be literally rendered as “the bright one” if we use the Proto-Indo-European dyewwhich is defined as "to be bright, to shine" and "sky, heaven". We see this same rhetoric used by and about Jesus who was the Light, the Son of God, sent by His Father in Heaven.
Priest to general
When Julius was forced to retreat into the military because of rivalry with his family and the political power of Sulla he went from priest to General. He would become both priest and general when he returned. With the spoils of war from the genocide of the people of Gaul he would win political favor and power by buying his popularity among the people with "bounties, donations, and benefits”[2] he obtained from his deeds of genocide in Gaul.
As former high priest in the temple of Jupiter he was able to blend his popularity into a political power and military generalship into the office of Emperator. Even the friends of Caesar knew that the combination of these offices welded into a single man would be a disaster. There needed to be a greater degree of Separation for it had always been essential that the left hand of government be separate from its right.
If these three positions of power and influence were consolidated into the hand one man the republic would decline even further and tyrants would reign in Rome. Considering the moral degeneration of the masses witnessed by their failure to prosecute the crimes of Julius Caesar, which had been prophesied by Polybius, some saw assassination as the only way to save the nation and the last vestiges of the Republic.
Assumed offices
Augustus Caesar not only assumed these offices but would be able to add to them[3] because he was able to increase his popularity by spreading his dainties among the people through a system of social welfare providing free bread at the table of legal charity run through the temples of Rome and beyond.[4]
There was an annual burning of incense at the temples of Rome where the faithful confirmed their allegiance and acceptance of Caesar as the Son of God.
Michael Peppard and Bradley Billings present unique analysis and arguments regarding the historical significance of this title according to the context of the Gospels’ time period where Jesus is prophesied as to be called the "Son of God" by an angel[5] when that title was already claimed by the emperors world wide.
Divinity of Caesar
Julius Caesar's first job was Flamen Dialis (the high priest of the temple of Jupiter).[6]
Because of that office he was manumitted from his natural father to serve as the son of Jupiter. He was then viewed as divine and holy during his lifetime as a priest. This might have been less remembered but as a general Julius bestowed a vast fortune on the Roman people through the temple of Jupiter and other subordinate temples from his spoils of war. This was clearly to win popularity with the people. It also played an important role in the lack of support of a desire to punish Julius Caesar for his war crimes against those people he conquered.
If he became the Emperor, Principas Civitas, and Apotheos of Rome his unique positions and titles would make him both priest and king. This was only possible because the Roman people were becoming accustomed to obtaining benefits at the expense of and by the property of others. Romans should have known that would cause the masses to degenerate into perfect savages and usher in tyrants. Of course because he rose to power by the power of the blade he would die by the blade.
Subsequent gods
There was eventually an inscription to Julius Caesar in Macedonia which stated, “To the Emperor Caesar, God, Son of God, Augustus. He had been declared a god of the roman state, “Divus Julius”. This declaration of Caesar as the “Son of God” was passed down.
The acronym "ICHTHYS" as a word means fish but represented "Iēsous Christos, Theou Yios, Sōtēr" is translates into "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour".
Julius Caesar who was considered Divine (divus), at least after his assassination in 14 AD. No one wanting to speak ill of the dead he was given the title of Son of God as an honor and since he was such a consistent benefactor of the temple for the welfare of the people throughout the Empire. A title that would be given to Augustus Caesar as his adopted son and of course the leader of a impressive and victorious army.
With the sudden passing of Julius Caesar Augustus’ divinity was established via these facts. Augustus Caesar consolidate his position as heir but also through trial by combat against the assassins who murdered his father. He would also confiscate all their property by eliminating their heirs. This new wealth would be shared with the people to win the support of the masses.
Augustus would bestow gifts on the Greek people and build a Temple of Roma on the Acropolis aligned with the Parthenon of Athens in 19 AD. This granting of gifts, gratuities and benefits was not just to convince the people of his unbiased benefaction but create a dependence and loyalty among the masses. Herod did the same in Judea. [7]
The temple was a symbol of a divine office of Rome and Caesar as the head of the Imperial Cult of Rome which was the center of the Public religion of the Empire and its social welfare State.
These buildings were monuments to their propaganda which caused the people to hail the once humble Octavius as the now divine "Augusts Soter"[8] meaning “savior of the world”.
And of course since both the Caesars and Jesus the Christ would be called the Son of God these titles would contribute to the Christian conflict. This is why the two of them were often seen as or referred to by some as the Eagle and Dove because of the manner and methods used by them and their followers to provide for the social welfare of the people. The former like Herod and the Pharisees depended upon public Religion while the latter and His Church depended upon Pure Religion.
Apotheosis
Augustus Caesar, whose real name was Octavius, was the first in Rome to receive the title APOTHEOS. That title and office of power meant he appointed gods and the authority of that office literally raised him to the rank of god.
Since history repeats itself the historical significance of this can be very enlightening for those who want to know the whole truth and provide for it.
Augustus Caesar claimed to be a god or at least the Apotheos of Rome. Paul said there are gods many.
On the coin was the graven image of the "son of the Divine Augustus". Caesar ran a vast system of social welfare through the temples of Rome which was common practice in the earliest of city states.
Buying loyalty with benevolence
Augustus Caesar, like Julius Caesar before him, was benevolent to those who followed his way of unrighteousness.
Herod with the aid of the Pharisees had created similar systems centered in the Jewish temple he built at Jerusalem and his temple of Roma.
Because if Roman wealth and power Caesar often subsidies these systems with the funds they obtained through conquest. This made Augusts very popular with those people that had become accustomed to the dainties of rulers and were willing to turn a blind eye to where those benefits came from. Besides Rome was very[7]
Octavian was called "Augustus Caesar, the savior of the whole world” by all the people who saw his exercising authority as a solution to the world's problems. He was also called the Father of Rome and the Son of God.
He was also called the Savior of the world of Rome in the minds of many people who believed that his power as Emperor was able to establish “Peace on earth,” with his "Pax Romana".
Evidently, the Pharisees had the coin in their possession. This was a violation of their own laws "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image" nor have "any other gods before the God" of heaven. Jesus understood the real meaning of "graven image". He was just pointing out their hypocrisy.
Jesus was called the Son of God and Savior by early Christians. Romans called Caesar the Son of God and Savior. The method of Caesar to set “tables” of of welfare with his free bread was different than that of Christ who the Christians called “another king”[9] was also called the Son of God which one of the official titles of Caesar along with Apotheos, the appointer of gods. There were and are still gods many but who are those gods?
Caesar's table was a snare and a trap according to the teachings of early Church and early Israel alike.
Understanding the difference between these tables will clarify the legal ramifications of those tables that were a snare and the nature of the Christian conflict with Rome and why they were called atheists and many of the modern atheist do not qualify as true atheists.
Son of God in the Bible
The first place you see the phrase Son of God is in Daniel 3:25 "He answered and said, Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt; and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God."
But then we begin to see it often:
- Matthew 4:3 And when the tempter came to him, he said, If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread.
- Matthew 4:6 And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.
- Matthew 8:29 And, behold, they cried out, saying, What have we to do with thee, Jesus, thou Son of God? art thou come hither to torment us before the time?
- Matthew 14:33 Then they that were in the ship came and worshipped him, saying, Of a truth thou art the Son of God.
- Matthew 16:16 And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.
- Matthew 26:63 But Jesus held his peace. And the high priest answered and said unto him, I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God.
- Matthew 27:40 And saying, Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days, save thyself. If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross.
- Matthew 27:43 He trusted in God; let him deliver him now, if he will have him: for he said, I am the Son of God.
- Matthew 27:54 Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God.
- Mark 1:1 The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God;
- Mark 3:11 And unclean spirits, when they saw him, fell down before him, and cried, saying, Thou art the Son of God.
- Mark 15:39 And when the centurion, which stood over against him, saw that he so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God.
- Luke 1:35 And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.
- Luke 3:38 Which was the son of Enos, which was the son of Seth, which was the son of Adam, which was the son of God.
- Luke 4:3 And the devil said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, command this stone that it be made bread.
- Luke 4:9 And he brought him to Jerusalem, and set him on a pinnacle of the temple, and said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down from hence:
- Luke 4:41 And devils also came out of many, crying out, and saying, Thou art Christ the Son of God. And he rebuking them suffered them not to speak: for they knew that he was Christ.
- Luke 8:28 When he saw Jesus, he cried out, and fell down before him, and with a loud voice said, What have I to do with thee, Jesus, thou Son of God most high? I beseech thee, torment me not.
- Luke 22:70 Then said they all, Art thou then the Son of God? And he said unto them, Ye say that I am.
- John 1:3
4 And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God.
- John 1:49 Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art the King of Israel.
- John 3:18 He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten[10] Son of God.
- Hebrews 11:17 By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac: and he that had received the promises offered up his only begotten[10] [son],
- John 5:25 Verily, verily, I say unto you, The hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God: and they that hear shall live.
- John 9:35 Jesus heard that they had cast him out; and when he had found him, he said unto him, Dost thou believe on the Son of God?
- John 10:36 Say ye of him, whom the Father hath sanctified, and sent into the world, Thou blasphemest; because I said, I am the Son of God?
- John 11:4 When Jesus heard that, he said, This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God might be glorified thereby.
- John 11:27 She saith unto him, Yea, Lord: I believe that thou art the Christ, the Son of God, which should come into the world.
- John 19:7 The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.
- John 20:31 But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name.
- Acts 8:37 And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
- Acts 9:20 And straightway he preached Christ in the synagogues, that he is the Son of God.
- Romans 1:4 And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead:
- 2 Corinthians 1:19 For the Son of God, Jesus Christ, who was preached among you by us, even by me and Silvanus and Timotheus, was not yea and nay, but in him was yea.
- Galatians 2:20 I am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me: and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me.
- Ephesians 4:13 Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ:
- Hebrews 4:14 Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession.
- Hebrews 6:6 If they shall fall away, to renew them again unto repentance; seeing they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh, and put him to an open shame.
- Hebrews 7:3 Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually.
- Hebrews 10:29 Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?
- 1 John 3:8 He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil.
- 1 John 4:9 In this was manifested the love of God toward us, because that God sent his only begotten[10] Son into the world, that we might live through him.
- 1 John 4:15 Whosoever shall confess that Jesus is the Son of God, God dwelleth in him, and he in God.
- 1 John 5:5 Who is he that overcometh the world, but he that believeth that Jesus is the Son of God?
- 1 John 5:10 He that believeth on the Son of God hath the witness in himself: he that believeth not God hath made him a liar; because he believeth not the record that God gave of his Son.
- 1 John 5:12 He that hath the Son hath life; and he that hath not the Son of God hath not life.
- 1 John 5:13 These things have I written unto you that believe on the name of the Son of God; that ye may know that ye have eternal life, and that ye may believe on the name of the Son of God.
- 1 John 5:20 And we know that the Son of God is come, and hath given us an understanding, that we may know him that is true, and we are in him that is true, even in his Son Jesus Christ. This is the true God, and eternal life.
- Revelation 2:18 And unto the angel of the church in Thyatira write; These things saith the Son of God, who hath his eyes like unto a flame of fire, and his feet are like fine brass;
Children of God
Matthew 5:9 Blessed [are] the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God.
Luke 20:36 Neither can they die any more: for they are equal unto the angels; and are the children of God, being the children of the resurrection.
John 11:52 And not for that nation only, but that also he should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad.
Romans 8:16 The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God:
Romans 8:21 Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God.
Romans 9:8 That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these [are] not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.
Galatians 3:26 For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. 1 John 3:10 In this the children of God are manifest, and the children of the devil: whosoever doeth not righteousness is not of God, neither he that loveth not his brother.
1 John 5:2 By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God, and keep his commandments.
Sons of God
We also numerous uses of the phrase "Sons of God".
John 1:12 But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name: 13 Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.
- Romans 8:14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God. 15 For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father.16 The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God: 17 And if children, then heirs; heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ; if so be that we suffer with him, that we may be also glorified together. 19 For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the manifestation of the sons of God.
Philippians 2:15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world;
1 John 3:1 Behold, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God: therefore the world knoweth us not, because it knew him not. 2 Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is. 3 And every man that hath this hope in him purifieth himself, even as he is pure.
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Footnotes
- ↑ The Flamen Dialis was officially ranked second in the ranking of the highest Roman priests in the ordo sacerdotum (between the Rex Sacrorum and the Flamen Martialis, Flamen Quirinalis) and Pontifex maximus. He would be emancipated from the control of his own father, and became sui juris.
- ↑ “The real destroyers of the liberties of the people is he who spreads among them bounties, donations, and benefits.” Plutarch
- ↑ Emperor was equivalent to the Commander-in-Chief of the army and navy. Principas Civatas or president of Rome. And at least the third office of the Apotheos.
- ↑ "That the man who first ruined the Roman people twas he who first gave them treats and gratuities" Plutarch's Life of Coriolanus (c. 100 AD.)
- ↑ Luke 1:35 And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.
- ↑ The Flamen Dialis(Diespiter was the Old Latin form of the name Jupiter) was officially ranked second in the ranking of the highest Roman priests in the ordo sacerdotum (between the Rex Sacrorum and the Flamen Martialis, Flamen Quirinalis) and Pontifex maximus.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "The annual Temple-tribute was allowed to be transported to Jerusalem, and the alienation of these funds by the civil magistrates treated as sacrilege. As the Jews objected to bear arms, or march, on the Sabbath, they were freed from military service. On similar grounds, they were not obliged to appear in courts of law on their holy days. Augustus even ordered that, when the public distribution of corn or of money among the citizens fell on a Sabbath, the Jews were to receive their share on the following day. In a similar spirit the Roman authorities confirmed a decree by which the founder of Antioch, Seleucus I. (Nicator),[d Ob.280 B.C.] had granted the Jews the right of citizenship in all the cities of Asia Minor and Syria which he had built, and the privilege of receiving, instead of the oil that was distributed, which their religion forbade them to use, [e Ab. Sar ii. 6] an equivalent in money. [Jos.Ant. xii. 3. 1] These rights were maintained by Vespasian and Titus even after the last Jewish war, notwithstanding the earnest remonstrances of these cities. No wonder, that at the death of Caesar [g 44 B.C.] the Jews of Rome gathered for many nights, waking strange feelings of awe in the city, as they chanted in mournful melodies their Psalms around the pyre on which the body of their benefactor had been burnt, and raised their pathetic dirges." Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah by Alfred Edersheim, Chapt. V
- ↑ original inscription: "The People (dedicate) to the Goddess Roma and Augusts Soter, when the hoplite general was Pammenes, son of Zenon, of Marathon, priest of the Goddess Roma and Augustus Soter on the Acropolis, when the priestess of Athena Polias was Megiste, daughter of Asklepiades of Halai, in the archonship of Areios, son of Dorion, of Paiania." IG II3 4, 10 Dedicatory inscription on the temple of Roma
- ↑ Acts 17:7 Whom Jason hath received: and these all do contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying that there is another king, [one] Jesus.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 3439 μονογενής monogenes [mon-og-en-ace’] from 3441 only and 1096 be; adj; TDNT-4:737,607; [{See TDNT 502 }] AV-only begotten 6, only 2, only child 1; 9
- 1) single of its kind, only
- 1a) used of only sons or daughters (viewed in relation to their parents)
- 1b) used of Christ, denotes the only begotten son of God
- 1) single of its kind, only
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