Plague

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Isaiah, the Evangelical Prophet, with variety of prophecies concerning the permanent kingdom of the Messiah from generation to generation. His numerous predictions seem to speak to the mission and character of Jesus who was the Christ of the New Testament and predict his Divine character if we will understand the text.
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What is idolatry and what are the plagues of idolatry[1] and envy and the Lashon hara that we see with Miriam.
* "Remember what the LORD your God did to Miriam" (Deuteronomy 24:9):
Miriam and Aaron (Numbers 12): Miriam spoke against Moses regarding his wife, resulting in a temporary skin disease (tzara'at).
Lashon hara or Evil Speech can be true, negative speech that causes damage to someone's reputation, emotions, or finances. Lashon hara was the original triggering hate speech. We should forgive and leave judgement to God, for that judgement is righteous.
Just as we saw in the Song of David in Psalms 34 and should see and hear in the Song of Moses and the Song of the Lamb we see the same warning in 1 Peter 3:
"10 For he that will love life, and see good days, let him refrain his tongue from evil, and his lips that they speak no guile: 11 Let him eschew[2] evil, and do good; let him seek peace, and ensue it. 12 For the eyes of the Lord are over the righteous, and his ears are open unto their prayers: but the face of the Lord is against them that do evil."

Nega a plague

A word said to mean plague נֶגַע‎[3] is nega which can mean Plague, affliction, mark, or metaphorically a stroke.

While, Naga as a verb is also spelled נָגַע NunGimelAyin.[4] a lexical summary includees:

  1. . (properly) to touch, i.e. lay the hand upon (for any purpose
  2. . (euphemism) to lie with a woman)
  3. . (by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive, acquire)
  4. . ), to strike (punish, defeat, destroy, etc.)

The Hebrew letters appear as NunGimelAyin נֶגַע about seventy-eight times, most densely in Leviticus 13 & 14 (roughly fifty-five occurrences), with additional instances in Genesis[5], Exodus[6], Deuteronomy[7], 2 Samuel[8], 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 2 Chronicles, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Isaiah, and Zechariah.

The word is applied to people, houses, garments, crops, and even national calamities, forming a thematic bridge between personal uncleanness and corporate judgment.

Nega to plague, or stike

The term nega נֶגַע functions as a tangible reminder that sin has consequences and sometimes leaves visible marks in the persona, garments, and institutions, so that separation and sacrifice is sought to provide restoration, but God alone provides the remedy for those who seek the righteousness of God that is separate (holiness) from the world.

From Pharaoh’s palace to the leper’s hut and from Israel’s national crises to the wounds borne by Christ, the motif of נֶגַע threads through Scripture, calling every generation to seek cleansing in a covenant faithfulness of the LORD.

Naga to touch

Naga is also spelled נָגַע NunGimelAyin.[4] As a verb it weaves through the narrative of Scripture wherever human beings, objects, or God Himself “come into contact.” The verb encompasses literal touch, the reach or approach of an object, the infliction of disease or plague, and the figurative sphere of emotional or spiritual impact, cause and effect. Its 150-plus occurrences show that contact is never neutral; it either transmits holiness and blessing, or it communicates impurity and judgment.

Negeph strike with plague

The word negeph נֶגֶף[9] portrays a divinely sent blow that breaks out as plague, calamity, or stumbling. In every occurrence the word underscores the holiness of God and the consequentio peril of violating His covenant, while simultaneously highlighting provisions of mercy that avert the blow.

The word nagaph נֶגֶף[10] signifies the verb נָגַף which occurs about forty-nine times across the Old Testament and consistently depicts a decisive divine blow that brings defeat, plague, stumbling, or even death.

Whether the striking comes through enemy armies, angelic agency, contagious disease, or accidental contact with the holy, the subject is ultimately God Himself who guards His covenant, vindicates His holiness, and advances His redemptive purposes.

Makkah another word for plague

The word מַכָּה‎ makkah[11] is from 05221 נָכָה‎ nakah נָכָה‎ "smite, strike" and is first seen in the text in Leviticus 26:21

"And if ye walk contrary unto me, and will not hearken unto me; I will bring seven times more plagues <04347> upon you according to your sins."

We see it next in Numbers 11

"33 And while the flesh [was] yet between their teeth, ere it was chewed, the wrath of the LORD was kindled against the people, and the LORD smote the people with a very great plague."[11]

The plague in Numbers 11:33 מַכָּה (makka) was brought upon the people in judgment for their ingratitude, greed, gluttony, and rebellion. The miraculously provision of quail because of their wantonness and lust for personal satisfaction rather than patience acceptance of necessity brought consequences.

Their ingratitude and disdain for the gift of manna God had consistently provided mirrored the disgruntled spirit of Miriam toward Moses. The text emphasizes that the wrath was kindled while the meat was still between their teeth, like the lust the suddenness and severity of the consequences for their intemperance and lack of trust in God was immediate.

This מַכָּה (makka) is used roughly forty-eight times across the Old Testament to denote a blow, wound, stripe, stroke, defeat, or plague as a Physical injury, National calamity, a Moral and spiritual affliction, or even a Judicial sentence.

The breadth of its usage supplies a vivid picture of the tragedy of sin, the certainty of divine justice, and the hope of healing and restoration.

Maggephah

The noun מַגֵּפָה (magephah)[12] which is from from 05062 (נָגַף - defeated) designates a devastating “stroke” sent or permitted by God, expressed either as disease or as a crushing political or military defeat. The term speaks of a sudden visitation of judgment that is considered to be unexplained merely by natural causes.

Approximately twenty-six Old Testament passages employ the word, revealing a consistent theology of holiness, sin, divine wrath, and merciful atonement.

The first appears in Exodus 9:14

"For I will at this time send all my plagues <04046> upon thine heart, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people; that thou mayest know that [there is] none like me in all the earth."
Numbers 14:37 Even those men that did bring up the evil report upon the land, died by the plague <04046> before the LORD.

Numbers 16:48 And he stood between the dead and the living; and the plague <04046> was stayed. 49 Now they that died in the plague <04046> were fourteen thousand and seven hundred, beside them that died about the matter of Korah. 50 And Aaron returned unto Moses unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and the plague <04046> was stayed.

Numbers 25:8 And he went after the man of Israel into the tent, and thrust both of them through, the man of Israel, and the woman through her belly. So the plague <04046> was stayed from the children of Israel. 9 And those that died in the plague <04046> were twenty and four thousand.

The plague in Numbers 25:8 was a divine judgment resulting from the Israelites' covenant infidelity rather than sexual immorality. It was idolatry with Moabite and Midianite but that was due to covetousness.[1]

Ezekiel 24:16 Son of man, behold, I take away from thee the desire of thine eyes with a stroke <04046>: yet neither shalt thou mourn nor weep, neither shall thy tears run down.
Zechariah 14:18 And if the family of Egypt go not up, and come not, that [have] no [rain]; there shall be the plague <04046>, wherewith the LORD will smite the heathen that come not up to keep the feast of tabernacles.

The last word ḏəḇāreḵā

The noun ḏəḇāreḵā דְבָרֶיךָ֜ with the added Kaf is from DaletBeitReish 01696 דֶּבֶר‎[13] where some say it is in the sense of destroying and from 01697 דֶּבֶר‎ also DaletBeitReish as a word meaning "to speak, declare," or 01699 דֶּבֶר‎ meaning "to pasture, a fold".

Hosea 13:14 I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues(ḏəḇāreḵā דְבָרֶיךָ֜ +Kaf[13]; O grave, I will be thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes.

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Covetousness is idolatry
    Colossians 3:5 "Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry: 6 For which things’ sake the wrath of God cometh on the children of disobedience:"
    Ephesians 5:5 "For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God."
    1 Corinthians 5:10 "Yet not altogether with the fornicators of this world, or with the covetous, or extortioners, or with idolaters; for then must ye needs go out of the world. 11 But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a railer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner; with such an one no not to eat."
  2. ↑ 1578 ~ἐκκλίνω~ ekklino \@ek-klee’-no\@ from 1537 and 2827; ; v AV-eschew 1, avoid 1, go out of the way 1; 3
    1) to turn aside, deviate (from the right way and course)
    2) to turn (one’s self) away, to turn away from, keep aloof from one’s society
    3) to shun one
  3. ↑ 05061 נֶגַע‎ nega‘ neh’-gah from 05060 נָגַע‎ naga‘ naw-gah’ to touch: n m; [BDB-619b] {See TWOT on 1293 @@ "1293a" } AV-plague 65, sore 5, stroke 4, stripes 2, stricken 1, wound 1; 78
    1) stroke, plague, disease, mark, plague spot
    1a) stroke, wound
    1b) stroke (metaphorical of disease)
    1c) mark (of leprosy)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 05060 נָגַע‎ naga‘ [naw-gah’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-619a] [{See TWOT on 1293 }] AV-touch 92, came 18, reach 11, bring 4, near 4, smite 4, nigh 3, plagued 3, happeneth 2, strike 2, beaten 1, cast 1, reach up 1, brought down 1, join 1, laid 1, get up; 150
    1) to touch, reach, strike
    1a) (Qal)
    1a1) to touch
    1a2) to strike
    1a3) to reach, extend to
    1a4) to be stricken
    1a4a) stricken (participle)
    1b) (Niphal) to be stricken, be defeated
    1c) (Piel) to strike
    1d) (Pual) to be stricken (by disease)
    1e) (Hiphil) to cause to touch, reach, approach, arrive
    1e1) to cause to touch, apply
    1e2) to reach, extend, attain, arrive, come
    1e3) to approach (of time)
    1e4) to befall (of fate)
  5. ↑ “‎‭17 And the LORD plagued(וַיְנַגַּ֨ע way-nag-ga‘) Pharaoh and his house with great plagues(נְגָעִ֥ים nə-ḡā-‘îm) because of Sarai Abram’s wife.” Genesis 12:17
  6. ↑ “‎‭1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether.” Exodus 11:1
  7. ↑ “‎‭8 If there arise a matter too hard for thee in judgment, between blood and blood, between plea and plea, and between stroke and stroke, being matters of controversy within thy gates: then shalt thou arise, and get thee up into the place which the LORD thy God shall choose;” Deuteronomy 17:8,
  8. ↑ “‎‭14 I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men:” 2 Samuel 7:14
  9. ↑ 05063 נֶגֶף‎ negeph neh’-ghef NunGimelPei from 05062; n m; [BDB-620a] {See TWOT on 1294 @@ "1294a" } AV-plague 6, stumbling 1; 7
    1) blow, striking, plague
    1a) blow, plague (fatal)
    1b) striking
    • נ ן Nun Heir to the Throne, Aramaic fish in the Mem (fish moving in flowing waters) or in the Hebrew the Nun may mean the kingdom with a double Nun suggesting spiritual insight in two realms. [fish moving... Activity life] (Numeric value: 50)
    • ג Gimel Reward and Punish, Cause and effect, 'justified repayment'. Do to others as they should do. Written like a Vav with a Yod as a "foot". Camel, [throwstick, pride, to lift up] (Numeric value: 3)
    • פ ף Pei Communication; follows Ayin to suggest that seeing and understanding must preceed: The Oral Torah The mouth, blow, edge. [Mouth speak open word] (Numeric value: 80)
  10. ↑ 05062 נָגַף‎ nagaph [naw-gaf’] a primitive root; v; 05063 the noun [BDB-619b] [{See TWOT on 1294 }] AV-smite 27, put to the worse 5, smitten down 3, plague 3, hurt 2, slain 2, struck 2, stumble 2, beaten 1, dash 1, surely 1; 49
    1) to strike, smite
    1a) (Qal) to strike, smite
    1b) (Niphal) to be stricken, be smitten
    1c) (Hithpael) to stumble
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 04347 מַכָּה‎ makkah mak-kaw’ MemKafHey or (masc.) מכה‎ makkeh muk-keh’ from 05221 נָכָה‎ nakah נָכָה‎ nakah smite, strike; n f; [BDB-646b] {See TWOT on 1364 @@ "1364d" } AV-wound 14, slaughter 14, plague 11, beaten 1, stripes 2, stroke 2, blow 1, smote 1, sores 1, wounded 1; 48
    1) blow, wound, slaughter
    1a) blow, stripe
    ) beating, scourging
    1c) wound
    1d) slaughter
    1e) defeat, conquest
    1f) plague
    • מ ם Mem Fountain of water, a flow, a fountain of the Divine Wisdom [massive, overpower chaos] (Numeric value: 40)
    • כ ך Kaf K Crown: To Actualize Potential power from spiritual to physical realm [to cover, strength] (Numeric value: 20)
    • ה Hey Expression, Thought, Speech, Action. Manifest seeds of thought and life. [Emphasize, jubilation, window, fence] (Numeric value: 5)
  12. ↑ 04046 מַגֵּפָה‎ maggephah mag-gay-faw’ from 05062 נָגַף nagaph defeated; n f; [BDB-620a] {See TWOT on 1294 @@ "1294b" } AV-plague 21; slaughter 3, plagued 1, stroke 1; 26
    1) blow, slaughter, plague, pestilence, strike, smite
    1a) blow (fatal stroke)
    1b) slaughter (of battle)
    1c) plague, pestilence (divine judgment)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 01698 דֶּבֶר‎ deber DaletBeitReish [deh’-ber] from 01696 דֶּבֶר‎ (in the sense of destroying ) 01697 דֶּבֶר‎ word but can be defined "to speak, declare," 01699 דֶּבֶר‎ pasture, fold ; n m; [BDB-184a] [{See TWOT on 399 @@ "399b" }] AV-pestilence 47, plagues 1, murrain 1; 49
    1) pestilence, plague
    2) murrain, cattle disease, cattle-plague
    • ד Dalet Selflessness – Charity, back and forth or through a door or pathway, to enter like a fish (Numeric value: 4)
    • ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)
    • ר Reish Process of Clarification The "head" or "beginning". Life's revelation. [Head... Person head highest] (Numeric value: 200).
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