Hegemony

Hegemony is the political, economic, military, or cultural dominance and leadership of one group, state, or social class over others.

There are three primary Greek words that may correspond to the Latin word "imperium" including:

1. Arche (Ἀρχή),

2. Hegemonia (Ἡγεμονία), and

3. Basileia (Βασιλεία) — For "The Roman Empire" as a State.

Descriptive terms

1. Arche (Ἀρχή) — For "Supreme Authority or Power"

When translating imperium as the abstract concept of supreme legal power, office, or rule, ancient Greek historians like Polybius and Dionysius of Halicarnassus most frequently used arche (ἀρχή).

2. Hegemonia (Ἡγεμονία) — For "Imperial Command or Empire"

When imperium refers to military leadership, supreme command in the field, or the physical territory over which a nation has dominion (i.e., Imperium Romanum), the corresponding Greek word is hegemonia (ἡγεμονία). This is where the English word "hegemony" comes from, originally denoting the leadership or dominant authority of one state over others.

3. Basileia (Βασιλεία) — For "The Roman Empire" as a State

During the later Roman and Byzantine periods, when Imperium Romanum became entirely synonymous with the geopolitical entity of the Empire itself, the Greeks translated it as basileia (βασιλεία).

All three are part of the Imperium and Principalities of the world.

All systems of power and force are subject to the pathology of ponerology by way of the pursuit of power at the expense of others by the means and methods not cast up.