Pontius Pilate: Difference between revisions
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[[File:eccehomo.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Pilate was about to judge Jesus in court but Jesus kingdom was not of Pilate's [http://www.hisholychurch.org/news/articles/world.php world]. Christ did not condemn governments of the [[world]] and even said if you owe them you should pay them. But He was adamant that His followers should not look to the government's ''who [[exercise authority]] one over the other'' for [[benefits]], especially at the expense of their neighbor. [[Socialism]] is all about benefiting at the expense of others through [[force]]. This doctrine of Jesus was at the heart of the [[Christian conflict]]. The [[world]] of [[Rome]] and the [[masses]] of its [[citizen]]s had [[degenerate]]d from a once free [[Republic]] to a [[Mark of the Beast|Beast]] of an [[Imperial Cult of Rome|Empire]] through [[covetous practices]].<Ref name="endfam">{{endfam}}</Ref>]] | |||
== Pontius Pilate == | |||
Pontius Pilate (Latin Pontius Pilatus, Greek: Πόντιος Πιλᾶτος, Pontios Pīlātos) was the fifth prefect of the Roman province of Judaea, from AD 26–36. | Pontius Pilate (Latin Pontius Pilatus, Greek: Πόντιος Πιλᾶτος, Pontios Pīlātos) was the fifth prefect of the Roman province of Judaea, from AD 26–36. | ||
His name suggests he was of the tribe of Pontii from the highly respected ''familia'' gens Pontius. | His name suggests he was of the tribe of Pontii from the highly respected ''familia'' gens Pontius. He was married to Tiberius' favorite granddaughter, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Procula Claudia Procula]. He got into trouble with [[Tiberius]] because of several incidents which Jesus and some historians mentions: | ||
: "At another time he(Pilate) used the sacred treasure of the temple, called [[corban]] (qorban), to pay for bringing water into Jerusalem by an aqueduct. A crowd came together and clamored against him; but he had caused soldiers dressed as civilians to mingle with the multitude, and at a given signal they fell upon the rioters and beat them so severely with staves that the riot was quelled." The Aqueduct- [[Josephus]], War 2.175-177, Antiq 18.60-62.</Ref> | |||
=== The ensign issue === | |||
"On one occasion, when the soldiers under his command came to Jerusalem, he caused them to bring with them their ensigns, upon which were the usual images of the emperor. The ensigns were brought in privily by night, put their presence was soon discovered. Immediately multitudes of excited Jews hastened to Caesarea to petition him for the removal of the obnoxious ensigns. For five days he refused to hear them, but on the sixth he took his place on the judgment seat, and when the Jews were admitted he had them surrounded with soldiers and threatened them with instant death unless they ceased to trouble him with the matter. The Jews thereupon flung themselves on the ground and bared their necks, declaring that they preferred death to the violation of their laws. Pilate, unwilling to slay so many, yielded the point and removed the ensigns." The Standards- [[Josephus]], War 2.169-174, Antiq 18.55-59. | |||
=== The bloodied rioters === | |||
: "At another time he(Pilate) used the sacred treasure of the temple, called [[corban]] (or qorban), to pay for bringing water into Jerusalem by an aqueduct. A crowd came together and clamored against him; but he had caused soldiers dressed as civilians to mingle with the multitude, and at a given signal they fell upon the rioters and beat them so severely with staves that the riot was quelled." <Ref> The Aqueduct- [[Josephus]], War 2.175-177, Antiq 18.60-62.</Ref> | |||
=== Philo of Alexandria's account === | |||
{{stoneaqueductpic}} | |||
Tacitus, when writing of punishments inflicted by Nero when Rome burned, tells us that a Christ, was put to death by the procurator Pontius Pilate when Tiberius was emperor (Annals xv.44). | : "Philo tells us (Legatio ad Caium, xxxviii) that on other occasion he dedicated some gilt shields in the palace of Herod in honor of the emperor. On these shields there was no representation of any forbidden thing, but simply an inscription of the name of the donor and of him in whose honor they were set up. The Jews petitioned him to have them removed; when he refused, they appealed to Tiberius, who sent an order that they should be removed to Caesarea."<Ref> International Standard Bible Encyclopedia.</Ref> | ||
[[Tacitus]], when writing of punishments inflicted by Nero when Rome burned, tells us that a Christ, was put to death by the procurator Pontius Pilate when Tiberius was emperor (Annals xv.44). | |||
He served under Emperor Tiberius, and is best known for presiding over the trial of Jesus and ordering his crucifixion. | He served under Emperor Tiberius, and is best known for presiding over the trial of Jesus and ordering his crucifixion. | ||
| Line 16: | Line 36: | ||
The early governors of Judaea were of prefect rank, but later were of procurator rank. | The early governors of Judaea were of prefect rank, but later were of procurator rank. | ||
Tacitus, a first century Roman historian, also mentioned Pontius Pilate: | [[Tacitus]], a first century Roman historian, also mentioned Pontius Pilate: | ||
<blockquote>''"Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus..."<Ref>Tacitus, Annales, Historiae, Chapter 15, paragraphs 54. </Ref>''</blockquote> | <blockquote>''"Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus..."<Ref>[[Tacitus]], Annales, Historiae, Chapter 15, paragraphs 54. </Ref>''</blockquote> | ||
Besides Tacitus others like Philo of Alexandria, and [[Josephus]] also speak of him as well as the four canonical gospels; along with the Gospel of Nicodemus; the Gospel of [[Marcion]]; and other apocryphal works. | Besides Tacitus others like Philo of Alexandria, and [[Josephus]] also speak of him as well as the four canonical gospels; along with the Gospel of Nicodemus; the Gospel of [[Marcion]]; and other apocryphal works. | ||
=== The Procurator === | |||
Pontius Pilate's title was traditionally thought to have been procurator, since Tacitus speaks of him as such. However, an inscription on the limestone block known as the Pilate Stone — a dedication to Tiberius Caesar Augustus — that was discovered in 1961 in the ruins of an amphitheater at Caesarea Maritima refers to Pilate as "Prefect of Judaea". | Pontius Pilate's title was traditionally thought to have been procurator, since Tacitus speaks of him as such. However, an inscription on the limestone block known as the Pilate Stone — a dedication to Tiberius Caesar Augustus — that was discovered in 1961 in the ruins of an amphitheater at Caesarea Maritima refers to Pilate as "Prefect of Judaea". | ||
| Line 36: | Line 58: | ||
The question is although general magistrate power was not granted to praefectus until Claudius in 44 AD did Pilate have procurator status. We know he [http://www.forumancientcoins.com/Articles/Pontius%20Pilate/Pontius_Pilatus.html minted coins] and collected taxes. | The question is although general magistrate power was not granted to praefectus until Claudius in 44 AD did Pilate have procurator status. We know he [http://www.forumancientcoins.com/Articles/Pontius%20Pilate/Pontius_Pilatus.html minted coins] and collected taxes. | ||
Was Pilate an exception to the rule? | Was Pilate an exception to the rule? | ||
As a Roman prefect, Pontius Pilate was granted the power of a supreme judge, in certain criminal matters but he was a Roman representative, not the ruler of the nation. Pilates appointment was undoubtedly because of his popularity with Tiberius and his personal knowledge of religious laws | We know while the typical term for a Roman prefect was 1–3 years, Pilate was to hold his post as the fifth Roman procurator for 10 years. In assuming his position, Pontius Pilate succeeded Valerius Gratus. | ||
As a Roman prefect, Pontius Pilate was granted the power of a supreme judge, in certain criminal matters but he was a Roman representative, not the ruler of the nation. Pilates appointment was undoubtedly because of his popularity with Tiberius and his personal knowledge of religious laws. | |||
There are countless books that say that Pilate was the Procurator of [[Rome]]. | There are countless books that say that Pilate was the Procurator of [[Rome]]. | ||
=== Non-canonical literature === | |||
Non-canonical Christian literature such as the Gospel of Peter or the Acta Pilati mentioned by [[Eusebius]], [[Justin the Martyr]] and [[Tertullian]] exonerated [[Pontius Pilate]]. But there is a lot more written about him in history in both Latin and Greek. He was considered a saint for centuries and still has churches named after him and his wife. | Non-canonical Christian literature such as the Gospel of Peter or the Acta Pilati mentioned by [[Eusebius]], [[Justin the Martyr]] and [[Tertullian]] exonerated [[Pontius Pilate]]. But there is a lot more written about him in history in both Latin and Greek. He was considered a saint for centuries and still has churches named after him and his wife. | ||
Blaming Pilate is a fairly recent historical shift. There is Gospel of Nicodemus and tons of material sources but lots of ideas were inserted in the Middle ages. Reading fragments in the Latin and Greek and Aramaic is one of the best sources if you can get access but if you publish the truth which often bucks present ''churchanity'' theology expect opposition. | Blaming Pilate is a fairly recent historical shift. There is Gospel of [[Nicodemus]] and tons of material sources but lots of ideas were inserted in the Middle ages. Reading fragments in the Latin and Greek and Aramaic is one of the best sources if you can get access but if you publish the truth which often bucks present ''churchanity'' theology expect opposition. | ||
Fact or fiction is often a matter of opinion in orthodox religious educational institutions. | Fact or fiction is often a matter of opinion in orthodox religious educational institutions. | ||
Latest revision as of 23:29, 1 June 2024
Pontius Pilate
Pontius Pilate (Latin Pontius Pilatus, Greek: Πόντιος Πιλᾶτος, Pontios Pīlātos) was the fifth prefect of the Roman province of Judaea, from AD 26–36.
His name suggests he was of the tribe of Pontii from the highly respected familia gens Pontius. He was married to Tiberius' favorite granddaughter, Claudia Procula. He got into trouble with Tiberius because of several incidents which Jesus and some historians mentions:
The ensign issue
"On one occasion, when the soldiers under his command came to Jerusalem, he caused them to bring with them their ensigns, upon which were the usual images of the emperor. The ensigns were brought in privily by night, put their presence was soon discovered. Immediately multitudes of excited Jews hastened to Caesarea to petition him for the removal of the obnoxious ensigns. For five days he refused to hear them, but on the sixth he took his place on the judgment seat, and when the Jews were admitted he had them surrounded with soldiers and threatened them with instant death unless they ceased to trouble him with the matter. The Jews thereupon flung themselves on the ground and bared their necks, declaring that they preferred death to the violation of their laws. Pilate, unwilling to slay so many, yielded the point and removed the ensigns." The Standards- Josephus, War 2.169-174, Antiq 18.55-59.
The bloodied rioters
- "At another time he(Pilate) used the sacred treasure of the temple, called corban (or qorban), to pay for bringing water into Jerusalem by an aqueduct. A crowd came together and clamored against him; but he had caused soldiers dressed as civilians to mingle with the multitude, and at a given signal they fell upon the rioters and beat them so severely with staves that the riot was quelled." [2]
Philo of Alexandria's account
Pontius Pilate's appropriation of funds from the holy treasury to build an aqueduct[4] stirred up a coordinated protest in Jerusalem and possibly at the tower of Siloam, which was likely used to guard the spring, protecting and controlling water flow into the aqueduct.[5]
Pilate discovered the plot and set soldiers in plain clothes among them in Jerusalem. The protest turned into a riotous rebellion in which men died.[6]
When some militant Zealots simultaneously occupied the tower of Siloam, Pilate would have also sent troops to seize the tower which got eighteen men killed. Some believe Barabbas was arrested because of these seditious events. The cross was reserved for rebels who would seek to overthrow the government. Luke 13 is talking about the protestors' rebellion against the misuse of the Corban funds.
- "Philo tells us (Legatio ad Caium, xxxviii) that on other occasion he dedicated some gilt shields in the palace of Herod in honor of the emperor. On these shields there was no representation of any forbidden thing, but simply an inscription of the name of the donor and of him in whose honor they were set up. The Jews petitioned him to have them removed; when he refused, they appealed to Tiberius, who sent an order that they should be removed to Caesarea."[7]
Tacitus, when writing of punishments inflicted by Nero when Rome burned, tells us that a Christ, was put to death by the procurator Pontius Pilate when Tiberius was emperor (Annals xv.44).
He served under Emperor Tiberius, and is best known for presiding over the trial of Jesus and ordering his crucifixion.
In 1961, archaeologists led by Antonio Frova discovered in Israel a block of limestone imbedded in a section of steps leading to an Amphitheater in the Roman city Caesarea. The inscription includes the following:
- "Pontius Pilatus, Prefect of Judea has dedicated to the people of Caesarea a temple in honor of Tiberius."[8]
Emperor Tiberius reigned from 14 to 37 AD, which verifies the New Testament account that records Pontius Pilate ruling as governor from 26 to 36 AD.
The early governors of Judaea were of prefect rank, but later were of procurator rank.
Tacitus, a first century Roman historian, also mentioned Pontius Pilate:
"Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus..."[9]
Besides Tacitus others like Philo of Alexandria, and Josephus also speak of him as well as the four canonical gospels; along with the Gospel of Nicodemus; the Gospel of Marcion; and other apocryphal works.
The Procurator
Pontius Pilate's title was traditionally thought to have been procurator, since Tacitus speaks of him as such. However, an inscription on the limestone block known as the Pilate Stone — a dedication to Tiberius Caesar Augustus — that was discovered in 1961 in the ruins of an amphitheater at Caesarea Maritima refers to Pilate as "Prefect of Judaea".
When applied to governors, this term procurator, otherwise used for financial officers which was a chief roll of Pilate in Judea, connotes no difference in rank or function from the title known as "prefect".
The procurators' and prefects' primary functions were military, but as representatives of the empire they were responsible for the collection of imperial taxes. It cost money to maintain a peacekeeping force in Judea.
He had limited judicial functions which would include usurpation or rebellion against the local government.
According to the Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved April 15, 2014. Defines "Procurator". with the addition of "From a recently discovered inscription in which Pontius Pilate is mentioned, it appears that the title of the governors of Judea was also "praefectus"."
A promagistrate (Latin: pro magistratu) is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. A procurator, a posting originally as a financial manager in a province, was a position which held no magisterial power.
The question is although general magistrate power was not granted to praefectus until Claudius in 44 AD did Pilate have procurator status. We know he minted coins and collected taxes.
Was Pilate an exception to the rule?
We know while the typical term for a Roman prefect was 1–3 years, Pilate was to hold his post as the fifth Roman procurator for 10 years. In assuming his position, Pontius Pilate succeeded Valerius Gratus.
As a Roman prefect, Pontius Pilate was granted the power of a supreme judge, in certain criminal matters but he was a Roman representative, not the ruler of the nation. Pilates appointment was undoubtedly because of his popularity with Tiberius and his personal knowledge of religious laws.
There are countless books that say that Pilate was the Procurator of Rome.
Non-canonical literature
Non-canonical Christian literature such as the Gospel of Peter or the Acta Pilati mentioned by Eusebius, Justin the Martyr and Tertullian exonerated Pontius Pilate. But there is a lot more written about him in history in both Latin and Greek. He was considered a saint for centuries and still has churches named after him and his wife.
Blaming Pilate is a fairly recent historical shift. There is Gospel of Nicodemus and tons of material sources but lots of ideas were inserted in the Middle ages. Reading fragments in the Latin and Greek and Aramaic is one of the best sources if you can get access but if you publish the truth which often bucks present churchanity theology expect opposition.
Fact or fiction is often a matter of opinion in orthodox religious educational institutions.
Fragments which are often older and less tampered with are an amazing source of information which is why the Dead Sea Scrolls were kept from academia for so long.
Our thinking about Pilate and about Christ has been tampered with so much few actually know what he was all about and fewer will allow there minds to look at all things anew.
You can see right in the Bible Pilate is defending Christ and proclaiming he was the rightful king and not wanting to crucify this "just person" who had "no fault in him".[10]
But still people hold to the fiction that it was Pilate's authority that convicted Jesus sending him to the cross by his authority and judgement.
Pilate allowed the Pharisees to choose who would die on the cross clearly hoping and thinking that Jesus would be spared.[11] this is clear in the Biblical text by his "superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS." Luke 23:38.
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Footnotes
- ↑ Degeneration of the family
- “Even amongst women there were symptoms of revolt against the older order, which showed itself in a growing freedom of manners and impatience of control, the marriage tie was relaxed…" Encyclopedia Britannica ‘57 Vol. 19 p 490.2
- The “sanctity of marriage had ceased… Abortion, and the exposure and murder of newly-born children, were common and tolerated; unnatural vices, which even the greatest philosophers practiced, if not advocated, attained proportions which defy description.” Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, By Alfred Edersheim, Chapter XI.
- "Men nowadays no longer secretly, but openly outrage the wives of others, and allow others access to their own wives. A match is thought countrified, uncivilized, in bad style, and to be protested against by all matrons, if the husband should forbid his wife to appear in public in a litter, and to be carried about exposed to the gaze of all observers. If a man has not made himself notorious by a liaison with some mistress, if he does not pay an annuity to some one else's wife, married women speak of him as a poor-spirited creature, a man given to low vice, a lover of servant girls. Soon adultery becomes the most respectable form of marriage, and widowhood and celibacy are commonly practiced. No one takes a wife unless he takes her away from some one else. Now men vie with one another in wasting what they have stolen, and in collecting together what they have wasted with the keenest avarice; they become utterly reckless, scorn poverty in others, fear personal injury more than anything else, break the peace by their riots, and by violence and terror domineer over those who are weaker than themselves. No wonder that they plunder provinces and offer the seat of judgment for sale, knocking it down after an auction to the highest bidder, since it is the law of nations that you may sell what you have bought... Our ancestors before us have lamented, and our children after us will lament, as we do, the ruin of morality, the prevalence of vice, and the gradual deterioration of mankind;" On Benefits (De Beneficiis) by Seneca. See Riots
- "That the man who first ruined the Roman people twas he who first gave them treats and gratuities. But this mischief crept secretly and gradually in, and did not openly make it's appearance in Rome for a considerable time." Plutarch's Life of Coriolanus (c. 100 AD.)
- “The real destroyers of the liberties of the people is he who spreads among them bounties, donations, and benefits.” Plutarch
- "The people who had once bestowed commands, consulships, legions, and all else now longs eagerly for just two things, bread and circus games." Juvenal a Roman poet. See legal charity.
- ↑ The Aqueduct- Josephus, War 2.175-177, Antiq 18.60-62.
- ↑ The Greek word korban is related to the term korbanas, signifying the “temple treasury.” Korbanas'(or κορβανᾶς)': among the Jews the holy treasury.
- ↑ It brought in water from a distance of seventy-two kilometers.
- ↑ "From the Suda or Souda a tenth-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean, which uses ancient sources that have since been lost.
- ↑ "At another time he used the sacred treasure of the temple, called corban (qorban), to pay for bringing water into Jerusalem by an aqueduct. A crowd came together and clamored against him; but he had caused soldiers dressed as civilians to mingle with the multitude, and at a given signal they fell upon the rioters and beat them so severely with staves that the riot was quelled." The Aqueduct- Josephus, War 2.175-177, Antiq 18.60-62.
- ↑ International Standard Bible Encyclopedia.
- ↑ The Stones Cry Out, Price, pp 307-308.
- ↑ Tacitus, Annales, Historiae, Chapter 15, paragraphs 54.
- ↑ Matthew 27:24 When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but [that] rather a tumult was made, he took water, and washed [his] hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person: see ye [to it].
- John 19:4 Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him.
- ↑ Matthew 27:17 Therefore when they were gathered together, Pilate said unto them, Whom will ye that I release unto you? Barabbas, or Jesus which is called Christ?
- John 19:12 And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar’s friend: whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar.
- John 19:15 But they cried out, Away with [him], away with [him], crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Caesar.