Template:Census
Census
- "And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed." Luke 2:1
A census as well as taxation in those days required some form of accounting and usually required a token to mark those who had been counted. The census called for by Augustus “was regarded as the badge of servitude, and incompatible with the Theocratic character of Israel”.[1]
All Jews did not hate the Emperor (Emperator),[2] the commander-in-chief of the multinational military force that kept the peace throughout the world.
Judea did not hate Rome. Many loved and desired their protection, generosity, and social security; besides, they were good for business. There were rebels, as always. There was corruption, as always. Caesar was the protector of their peace, the benefactor of their welfare.
Romans were not only good for business Augustus Caesar offered many gifts, gratuities, and benefits as the Patronus of the Pax Romana, The Father of Roman Peace.
“The annual Temple-tribute was allowed to be transported to Jerusalem, and the alienation of these funds by the civil magistrates treated as sacrilege. As the Jews objected to bear arms, or march, on the Sabbath, they were freed from military service. On similar grounds, they were not obliged to appear in courts of law on their holy days. Augustus even ordered that, when the public distribution of corn or of money among the citizens fell on a Sabbath, the Jews were to receive their share on the following day. In a similar spirit the Roman authorities confirmed a decree by which the founder of Antioch, Seleucus I. (Nicator, [d Ob.280 B.C.]) had granted the Jews the right of citizenship in all the cities of Asia Minor and Syria which he had built, and the privilege of receiving, instead of the oil that was distributed, which their religion forbade them to use, [e Ab. Sar ii. 6] an equivalent in money. [Jos.Ant. Xii. 3. 1]. These rights were maintained by Vespasian and Titus even after the last Jewish war, not with standing the earnest remonstrances of these cities. No wonder, that at the death of Caesar the Jews of Rome gathered for many nights, waking strange feelings of awe in the city, as they chanted in mournful melodies their Psalms around the pyre on which the body of their benefactor had been burnt, and raised their pathetic dirges.”[3]
The call for all the world to be taxed was a call for all the world to be enrolled as the beneficiaries of the The Father of Roman Peace.
“The year 2 B.C. marked the 25th anniversary of Caesar Augustus’s rule and the 750th anniversary of the founding of Rome. Huge celebrations were planned. The whole empire was at peace. The doors of the temple of Janus were closed for only the third time in Roman history. To honor their emperor, the people were to rise as one and name him pater patriae, or Father of the Country. This enrollment, described in the Book of Luke, which brought Joseph and Mary to Bethlehem, has always been a mystery since no regular census occurred at this time. But the pater patriae enrollment fits perfectly.”[4]
- "Parens patriae" is Latin for “father of the Fatherland” a title originally accorded in the form parens urbis Romanae, or "parent of the Roman city". It was accorded to Marcus Furius Camillus in 386 BC because he led the city's recovery after its capture by the Gauls (c. 390 bc). In the legal system, "parens patriae is a doctrine that allows the state to step in and serve as a guardian for children, the mentally ill, the incompetent, the elderly, or disabled persons who are unable to care for themselves."[5]
Parens patriae is Latin for "parent of the nation". This is not just ancient doctrine but is found as a power of the modern state to control the activities of the people in Title 15 COMMERCE AND TRADE[6], Tile 12, Banks And Banking[7], Title 18. Crimes And Criminal Procedure[8], Title 49. TRANSPORTATION [9] and Title 42. THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE[10] of the United States Codes[11] and the laws of the several states.
- Herod the Great (c. 74–1 BC)[12], client king of Judea who rebuilt the Second Temple (in Jerusalem) into Herod's Temple. He instituted the Baptism of the temple that established the Corban of the Pharisees that made the word of God to none effect.
Herod the Great needed the favor and support of Rome and conformed to the changes that were taking place in Rome to maintain his ruling power.
- "Birth registration in ancient Rome. Birth certificates for Roman citizens were introduced during the reign of Augustus (27 BC–14 AD). Until the time of Alexander Severus (222–235 AD), it was required that these documents be written in Latin as a marker of "Romanness" (Romanitas)."[13]
"Birth registration" was important to create a uniform rule for the distribution of benefits, duties, and obligations. It was a part of a three-step process founded in natural law to create a legal system which made the State the Father of a nation.
The government of Rome provided many benefits like free bread through the Imperial Cult of Rome run through the government-sponsored Temples. These certificates were stored in the Temple of Saturn. Religion had always been the institution providing for the poor or needy of society such as widows and orphans. From the Altars of Clay and Stone of Abraham and Moses there were safeguards[14]in the practice of religion among the Israelites to prevent the Levite priests from gaining to much power. There were also constitutional limitations imposed by the Bible in Deuteronomy 17 if the people elected to create any offices of power such as kings, presidents, or prime ministers. When these safeguards against tyranny were ignored or forgotten governments of the world became corrupt, society began to decay, and its members began to degenerate.
- “Herod’s greatest fault was his ungovernable passion both in love and hate. This coupled with his constant fear of losing this throne led to most of his ‘crimes’ especially those committed within his own family.”[15]
- Herod Archelaus (23 BC–c. AD 18), ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea from 4 BC to 6 AD, when Judaea province was formed under direct Roman rule, at the time of the Census of Quirinius.[16] He was the son of Herod the Great and Malthace the Samaritan, the brother of Herod Antipas, and the half-brother of Herod Philip I. In 4 BC Augustus allotted to him the greater part of the kingdom (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea) with the title of ethnarch (not king).
Archelaus is mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 2:13-23). In it, Joseph, Mary, and Jesus fled to Egypt to avoid the Massacre of the Innocents. When Herod the Great died, Joseph was told by an angel in a dream to return to Israel (presumably to Bethlehem). However, upon hearing that Archelaus had succeeded his father as ruler of Judaea he "was afraid to go thither" (Matthew 2:22), and was again notified in a dream to go to Galilee. This is Matthew's explanation of why Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea but grew up in Nazareth.
The beginning and conclusion of Jesus's Parable of the minas, the master gives 10 of his servants one mina each and tells them to engage in trade while he is away. This parable in the Gospel of Luke 19:12-27 may refer to Archelaus' journey to Rome. Some interpreters conclude from this that Jesus' parables and preaching made use of events familiar to the people as examples for bringing his spiritual lessons to life. Others read the allusion as arising from later adaptations of Jesus's parables in the oral tradition before the parables were recorded in the gospels.
- ↑ The sole grounds of resistance to the census, appears from Jos. Ant. xviii. 1. 1, 6.
- ↑ Emperator, emperatoris m. commander in chief. Collins L.E. Dict. ‘62.
- ↑ Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah Chapt. V, Alfred Edersheim, Jewish convert to Christianity and a Biblical scholar.
- ↑ The Star of Bethlehem by Crag Chester, Imprimis D/96 Hilsdale College.
- ↑ https://study.com/academy/lesson/parens-patriae-in-juvenile-justice-definition-doctrine.html
- ↑ 15 U.S. Code § 15 Applicability of parens patriae actions § 15h. Applicability of parens patriae actions Sections 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, and 15g of this title shall apply in any State...
- ↑ Title 12. Banks And Banking, Chapter 53. "the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on behalf of its residents in an appropriate district court...
- ↑ Title 18. Crimes And Criminal Procedure, Part I. Crimes, Chapter 77. Peonage, Slavery, And Trafficking, In Persons, Section 1595. Civil Remedy adversely affected by any person who violates section 1591, the attorney general of the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action against such person on behalf of the residents of the State...
- ↑ Title 49. TRANSPORTATION, ...the attorney general of the state may, as parens patriae,” for “a State authority may”...
- ↑ Title 42. THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE, Chapter 7. SOCIAL SECURITY... residents of that State has been or is threatened or adversely affected by any person who violates a provision of this part, the attorney general of the State, as parens patriae, may bring...
- ↑ Search parens patriae at https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/searchResultsForm.html
- ↑ Some put the date at lunar 4BC. The date of Herod's death in 4BC is highly disputed and likely wrong based on a misidentified eclipse. There were other eclipses. It is possible that a transcriber or the author of Luke's gospel made an error identifying which census for there was more census. There were also a number of the local census of varying kinds and what Quirinius was doing and when ruling is also disputed because there is some evidence that he was in charge during other periods including some rebellions in Galilee. None of this is substantive to the message. Some people try disputing the existence of Christ with this conflicting information. These dates used is based on Josephus who does not dispute Christians and verifies them with Book 20, Chapter 9, 1 of the Antiquities with the line "the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was James".
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_registration_in_ancient_Rome
- ↑ Contributions were freewill offerings not forced. Levites had no personal estate but held all things common.
- ↑ Living in the Time of Jesus of Nazareth by Peter Connolly. Published: Steimatzky 1983.
- ↑ Publius Sulpicius Quirinius (c. 51 BC – AD 21) was a Roman aristocrat mentioned in Res Gestae - The Deeds of Augustus by Augustus placing him as consul as early as 12 B.C.. Caesar's son Gaius Caesar was sent to administer Syria as an Imperial Legate in 1 B.C. and the Roman historian Tacitus Annals mentions in Book 3 Chapter 48 that Quirinius was an advisor to Gaius around 1 A.D Quirinius was later the governor of Syria during another census.