View source for Exodus 21

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| '''Comments'''
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| [[File:moses.jpg|right|thumb|[[Moses]], [[Jesus]], and [[Elijah]] seem to have been in agreement and there seems to be a commonality or harmony in the [[Song of Moses]] and the [[Song of the Lamb]].<Br>[[Ten Commandments]]<Br> ]]
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|  Are these codes or are they comments concerning principles and presidents? <Br>These are the "judgments" hammišpāṭîm (הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים)<Ref name="mishpat">{{04941}}</Ref>
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|  The people were the fundamental interpreters of the law with a right of appeal to a network of men who did not go up by steps but by charitable service to the people. A major change to what had been the earlier Hammurabi codification of law was ''replacing the human king with Yahweh as lawgiver''. But that lawgiver would need to write upon the [[heart and mind]] of people who were not ''accustomed to living at the expense of their neighbor'' nor instituting [[force and violence]] in [[covetous practices]].
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| <center>'''Laws About Slaves'''</center>
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| V1 "the judgments"<Ref name="mishpat">{{04941}}</Ref> hammišpāṭîm (הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים) set<Ref name="suwm">{{07760}}</Ref> before them<Ref name="paniym">{{06440}}</Ref>
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| V4 "If [[marriage|his master have given him a wife]]"
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| <center>'''Witness before the gods'''</center>
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| V6 "master shall bring him unto the judges"<Ref name="elohiym">{{0430}}</Ref> What is the meaning of '''[[Elohiym]]'''? Why do we see the word for gods translated judges?
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| <center>'''Indentured daughters protected'''</center>
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| 7v through 11V obligation to daughters
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| <center>'''Cost of injuring another'''</center>
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| 12V "so that he die"(וָמֵ֖ת wāmêṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref>, "shall be surely"(תומ)  MemVavTav and appears as (מ֥וֹת) mōwṯ MemVavTav)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref>. But also appears again and translated "put to death." But we do not see (תומ)  MemVavTav<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref> but rather appears in the text as (יוּמָֽת׃) yūmāṯ YodVavMemTav<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref> (ומת מות יומת) These word can mean "to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)". 
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| 13V "And if a man lie not in wait" not premeditated Moses will "[[cities of refuge|appoint a place]]" The place would seem to be what will be called the [[cities of refuge]].
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| 14V "But if a man come presumptuously(''acts with premeditation'') upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile (''by treachery''); thou shalt take<Ref name="laquach">{{03947}}</Ref> him from mine [[altar]], that he may die(לָמֽוּת׃ lāmūṯ.)."<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref> 
* Same as [[Exodus 14]]:11 "hast thou taken us away '''to die''' in the wilderness?"
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| <center>'''Injury to father or mother'''</center>
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| 15V '''Treason''' against father and mother forbidden: "smiteth his father, or his mother"
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| <center>'''Enslave by force'''</center>
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| 16V violent slave trade: Forbidden too.
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| <center>'''Neglect Father and Mother'''</center>
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| 17V "[[curse]]<Ref name="qalal">{{07043}}</Ref>  his father, or his mother" was also forbidden but the word ''curse'' only means to ''slight'' or because of an extra Mem, ''continuously slight'' their parents. See [[Corban]].
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| '''18V- 19V''' recompence from injuries cause.
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| <center>'''Abuse of a servant'''</center>
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| '''20V''' accountable for the life of a servant. "and he die(וָמֵ֖ת wāmêṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref> under(תַּ֣חַת taḥaṯ)<Ref name="taḥaṯ">{{04191}}</Ref> his hand; he shall be surely(נָקֹ֖ם nāqōm) <Ref name="naqam">{{05358}}</Ref> punished."(יִנָּקֵֽם׃ yinnāqêm.)<Ref name="naqam">{{05358}}</Ref>
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| <center>''Parallel Samaritan and Masoretic Torah''</center>
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|  In the ''Parallel Samaritan and Masoretic Torah'' we see different words in verse 20. The Samaritan text contain YodDaletVav NunKufMem "avenge"<Ref name="naqam">{{05358}}</Ref> YodNunKufMem<Ref>YodNunHey [[03238]] oppress</Ref> suggesting they should be ''surely oppressed out of vengeance''. We do not see the VavMemTav MemVavTav YodVavMemTav (ומת מות יומת) that we find in the [[Masoretic]] text.
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| <center>''[[put to death]]''</center>
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| What does these letters MemVavTav YodVavMemTav (מות יומת) really mean? <Br>We see un [[Genesis 2]]:17<Ref>[[Genesis 2]]:17  But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.</Ref> (מות תָּמֽוּת׃) MemVavTav TavMemVavTav translated "thereof thou shalt surely <(מ֖וֹת)04191>  die <(תָּמֽוּת׃)04191>". <Br> They are again repeated in Genesis 3:4<Ref>[[Genesis 3]]:4  And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely <(מ֖וֹת)04191> die <(תְּמֻתֽוּן׃)04191>:</Ref> "Ye shall not surely <04191> die <04191>" <Br>If we join this letter Mem to the letters Vav Tav you get the word "mavet", meaning "death".  that the combination of the letters mem and tav spell the word for "death". Nut if you add the letter Alef to MemTav you get ''emet'' which is [[truth]]. Even the name Adam, AlefDaletMem, if you remove the Alef, the relation of God and man, all you have left is blood void of the spirit of God.
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| <center>'''Kill''</center>
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| The word for ''kill'' in [[Exodus 20]]:3 is ''ratsach'' (רָצַח‎).<Ref name="ratsach">{{07523}}</Ref><Br>The word for ''kill'' in [[Exodus 22]]:24 is ''harag'' (הָרַג‎‎).<Ref name="harag">{{02026}}</Ref><Br>Another word for ''kill'' is  ''nakah'' (נָכָה‎).<Ref name="nakah">{{05221}}</Ref> which is more often translated ''smite'' but appears in [[Genesis 37]]:21 as kill.<Br>
The word for ''kill'' in [[Exodus 29]]:11 is ''shachat'' (שָׁחַט‎).<Ref name="shachat">{{07819}}</Ref><Br>Another word for ''kill'' is  ''tabach'' (טָבַח‎).<Ref name="tabach">{{02873}}</Ref> which  appears in [[Exodus 22]]:1 as ''kill''.<Br>
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| 21V people could be property, collateral for debt.
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| 22V A Fetes is a life belonging to the husband of the Family " as the judges(the word is PeiLamedYodLamed (פָלִיל‎)<Ref name="palil">{{06414}}</Ref> but appears in the text as BeitLamedLamedYidMem (בִּפְלִלִֽים) bip̄lilîm)  ''determine.''".
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| <center>'''Ceiling limits'''</center>
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| 23V Accountable  life for life,
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| 24V 25V"Eye for eye" is limiting recompence.
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| <center>'''Lost of right to employ'''</center>
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| 26V 27V severe injury of a servant is equal to his freedom as a servant.
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| <center>'''Liability for damage'''</center>
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| 28V 29V 30V 31V Accountable for the dangers you create and the injuries caused. "shall be put to death."(יוּמָֽת׃) yūmāṯ YodVavMemTav<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref>
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| 32V Including damage to property 
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| <center>'''Laws About Restitution'''</center>
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| 33V Accountable for hazards created
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| 34V The owner<Ref name="baal">{{01167}}</Ref> of the pit shall make it good<Ref name="shalam">{{07999}}</Ref>
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| 35V Mutual accountable when mutual cause of injury. 
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| 36V Mutual accountable for cause of injury if there is for knowledge of hazard. "he shall surely<Ref name="shalam">{{07999}}</Ref> pay<Ref name="shalam">{{07999}}</Ref>
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| [https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/exo/21/1/s_71001]
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== Laws About Slaves ==

1 Now these are the judgments<Ref name="mishpat">{{04941}}</Ref>,  which thou shalt set before them.

2 If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

3 If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him.

4 If [[marriage|his master have given him a wife]], and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself.

=== Witness before the gods ===

5 And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free:

6 Then his master shall bring him unto the judges<Ref name="elohiym">{{0430}}</Ref>; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever.

=== Indentured daughters protected ===

7 And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do.

8 If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her.

9 And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.

10 If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of [[marriage]], shall he not diminish.

11 And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.

=== Cost of injuring another ===

12 He that smiteth a man, so that he die(וָמֵ֖ת wāmêṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref>, shall be surely(מ֥וֹת mōwṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref> put to death(יוּמָֽת׃ yūmāṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref>.

13 And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand;then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee.

14 But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine [[altar]], that he may die. 

=== Injury to father or mother ===

15 And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, , shall be surely(מ֥וֹת mōwṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref> put to death(יוּמָֽת׃ yūmāṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref>.

=== Enslave by force ===

16 And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he , shall be surely(מ֥וֹת mōwṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref> put to death(יוּמָֽת׃ yūmāṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref>.

=== Neglect Father and Mother ===

17 And he that [[curse]]th his father, or his mother, shall be surely(מ֥וֹת mōwṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref> put to death(יוּמָֽת׃ yūmāṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref>.

=== Injury from a fight ===

18 And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but keepeth his bed:

19 If he rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote him be quit: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly healed.

=== Abuse of a servant ===

20 And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die(וָמֵ֖ת wāmêṯ)<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref> under his hand; he shall be surely(נָקֹ֖ם nāqōm) <Ref name="naqam">{{05358}}</Ref> punished.(יִנָּקֵֽם׃ yinnāqêm.)<Ref name="naqam">{{05358}}</Ref>

21 Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two, he shall not be punished: for he is his money.

=== Injury to a fetus and its family ===

22 If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman's husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges(בִּפְלִלִֽים bip̄lilîm)<Ref name="palil">{{06414}}</Ref>  ''determine.''

=== Ceiling limits ===
 
23 And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life,

24 Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,

25 Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

=== Lost of right to employ ===

26 And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye's sake.

27 And if he smite out his manservant's tooth, or his maidservant's tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake.

=== Liability for damage ===

28 If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner<Ref name="baal">{{01167}}</Ref> of the ox shall be quit.

29 But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner<Ref name="baal">{{01167}}</Ref> also shall be put to death.(יוּמָֽת׃) yūmāṯ YodVavMemTav<Ref name="muwth">{{04191}}</Ref>

30 If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him.

31 Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.

32 If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

== Laws About Restitution ==

33 And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein;

34 The owner<Ref name="baal">{{01167}}</Ref> of the pit shall make it good<Ref name="shalam">{{07999}}</Ref>, and give money unto the owner<Ref name="baal">{{01167}}</Ref> of them; and the dead beast shall be his.

35 And if one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide.

36 Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely<Ref name="shalam">{{07999}}</Ref> pay<Ref name="shalam">{{07999}}</Ref> ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.
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{{Template:Exodus}}