View source for Exodus 10


{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" width="35%"
| '''Comments'''
|-
| [[File:egyptplagues.jpg|250px|center|]]
|-
|  [https://www.hisholychurch.org/audio/20230121Exodus-10-11.mp3  Download Recording Exodus 10-11 ]<Br> or press play<Br> <html><audio controls src="https://www.hisholychurch.org/audio/20230121Exodus-10-11.mp3"></audio></html>
|-
| Again we see that God is going to allow the Pharaoh to harden his own heart<span style="background:red; color:white;">kebed</span><Ref name="kabed">{{03515}}</Ref> by reacting to what Moses says and does because of his own lack of humility. He does not uses the different word for hardened<span style="background:blue; color:white;">chazaq</span><Ref name="chazaq">{{02388}}</Ref> in verses v20 and v27 .
|-
| In V3 we see the word "how long will you refuse to humble thyself before me" which is "māṯay(''how long'' MemTavYod)<Ref name="mathay">{{04970}}</Ref> mê’antā('''will you refuse''' MemAlefNun[[Tav]])<Ref name="maen">{{03985}}</Ref> lê‘ānōṯ(''to humble yourself'' [[Lamed]]AyinNunTav)<Ref name="anah">{{06031}}</Ref> mippānāy(''before Me'' MemPeiNunYod)<Ref name="paniym">{{06440}}</Ref>;" (מָתַ֣י מֵאַ֔נְתָּ לֵעָנֹ֖ת מִפָּנָ֑י) 
|-
|The term ''anah''<Ref name="anah">{{06031}}</Ref> is translated afflict 50 times and humble 11 but is defined as "to be occupied" but only in this verse appears as lêānōṯ, suggesting that his answer or response did not include action required by God. The primitive root which is identical is also ''anah''<Ref name="anah0">{{06030}}</Ref> but is translated answer 242 times. The normal word for ''humble'' is ''Kana''<Ref name="Kana">{{03665}}</Ref> which is KafNunAyin and appears as ''humble'' 18 times, ''subdue'' 11, ''bring low'' 2, ''bring down'' 3, ''subjection once''.
|-
| In verse 4 we see the word ''refuse''<Ref name="maen">{{03985}}</Ref> but it appears without the additional [[Tav]] we see in verse 3. Moses warns the Pharaoh that a lot of locusts will come and then he ''turns away'' from Pharaoh. And the  Pharaoh's servants<Ref name="servants">‘ăbādekā AyinBeitDalet[[Yod]][[Kaf]] a servant of a ruler instead of merely ebed AyinBeitDalet, a bondservant<Br>{{05650}}</Ref> which is the word ‘ăbādekā  instead of merely ebed do not want to be held a snare to Moses and want him to let only the men go. 
|-
| '''V7''' The word for ''servants'' here is ăbādekā<Ref name="servants"></Ref> where a common word for servant '''ebed'''. Adding a [[Yod]] often creates "my servant" but adding YodKaf<Ref>There are many forms of ''Ebed'' as both a [https://biblehub.com/hebrew/5650.htm noun] and a verb<Br>* {{Ayin}}<Br>* {{Beit}}<Br>* {{Dalet}}<Br>* {{Yod}}<Br>* {{Kaf}}</Ref> often refers to ''a rulers servant''. The term [[locust]] was also a symbol in other books of the Bible for that which can eat out your substance.
|-
| The word '''[[worship]]per''' does not appear in the Old Testament except as a translation of ''abad'' or ''ebed'' which clearly means to ''serve''. The word for ''worship'' is often [[07812|shachah]]. Study [[Aboda]].
|-
| The word ''snare'' in verse 7 is the same word translated ''trap'' in [[Psalms 69]]:22  "Let their table become a [[snare]]<Ref name="snare">{{06341}}</Ref> before them: and [that which should have been] for [their] [[welfare]], [let it become] a trap<Ref name="trap">{{04170}}</Ref>."
|-
| '''V8-V11''' Who shall go out with you to serve? '''Verse 10''' suggests "He would permit the grown-up men to go away; but no other terms would be listened to"<Ref>[https://biblehub.com/commentaries/exodus/10-10.htm Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary]</Ref> because the Pharaoh sees Moses as "evil is before your faces—i.e., you contemplate doing me a mischief, by depriving me of the services of so large a body of labourers."<Ref>[https://biblehub.com/commentaries/exodus/10-28.htm Ellicott's Commentary]</Ref>
|-
| '''V16''' The Pharaoh admits "I have sinned" using the word ChetTetAlef<Ref name="sin">{{02398}}</Ref> but with an additional [[Tav]][[Yod]]. When calling themselves ''wicked'' the term ''rasha‘''<Ref name="wicked">{{07563}}</Ref> (AyinShinReish(עשְׁרָ)) but we see in the text a word similar to what we see in [[Exodus 9]]:27 hārəšā‘îm ([[Hey]]ReishShinAyin[[Yod]][[Mem]](הָרְשָׁעִֽים)) but instead we see ḥāṭāṯî ([[Chet]]TetAlefTav[[Yod]][[Mem]](חָטָ֛אתִי)).
|-
| '''V28''' Threatens to kill Moses and seals his own fate.<Ref>[[Matthew 7]]:1  Judge not, that ye be not judged.:2  For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.</Ref> "Thou shalt die.—Egyptian kings had the power of life and death, but rarely exercised it arbitrarily, or without trial."<Ref>[https://biblehub.com/commentaries/exodus/10-10.htm Ellicott's Commentary]</Ref>
|-
| '''[[Ipuwer|The Admonitions of Ipuwer]]'''
|-
| '''V15''' “The land is without light” [[Ipuwer]] 9:11 <Br>“[The land] is not bright because of it.”
|-
| '''V7, V21-23''' “What shall we do about it? All is ruin!” [[Ipuwer]] 3:13
|- 
|  “Indeed men are few, and he who places his brother in the ground is everywhere… Indeed [hearts] are violent, pestilence is throughout the land, blood is everywhere, death is not lacking, and the mummy-cloth speaks even before one comes near it.”  [[Ipuwer]] 
|-
| [https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/exo/10/1/s_60001]
|}

== The Eighth Plague: Locusts ==


1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened(<span style="background:red; color:white;">kebed</span>)<Ref name="kabed">{{03515}}</Ref> his heart, and the heart of his servants,<Ref name="servants">‘ăbādekā AyinBeitDalet[[Yod]][[Kaf]] a servant of a ruler instead of merely ebed AyinBeitDalet, a bondservant<Br>{{05650}}</Ref> that I might shew these my signs before him:

2  And that thou mayest tell in the ears of thy son, and of thy son’s son, what things I have wrought in Egypt, and my signs which I have done among them; that ye may know how that I [am] the LORD.

3 And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble<Ref name="anah">{{06031}}</Ref> thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.

4 Else, if thou refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I bring the [[locust]]s<Ref name="locusts">{{0697}}</Ref> into thy coast:

5 And they shall cover the face of the earth, that one cannot be able to see the earth: and they shall eat the residue of that which is escaped, which remaineth unto you from the hail, and shall eat every tree which groweth for you out of the field:

6 And they shall fill thy houses, and the houses of all thy servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; which neither thy fathers, nor thy fathers' fathers have seen, since the day that they were upon the earth unto this day. And he turned himself, and went out from Pharaoh.

=== Servants of Pharaoh ===

7 And Pharaoh's servants<Ref name="servants">‘ăbādekā AyinBeitDalet[[Yod]][[Kaf]] a servant of a ruler instead of merely ebed AyinBeitDalet, a bondservant<Br>{{05650}}</Ref>   said unto him, How long shall this man be a snare unto us? let the men go, that they may serve the LORD their God: knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed?

=== Men only ===

8 And Moses and Aaron were brought again unto Pharaoh: and he said unto them, Go, serve the LORD your God: but who are they that shall go?

9 And Moses said, We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our herds will we go; for we must hold a feast unto the LORD.

10 And he said unto them, Let the LORD be so with you, as I will let you go, and your little ones: look to it; for evil is before you.

=== Moses driven out ===

11 Not so: go now ye that are men, and serve the LORD; for that ye did desire. And they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence.

12 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up upon the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail hath left.

13 And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and the LORD brought an east wind upon the land all that day, and all that night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts.

14 And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the coasts of Egypt: very grievous(kebed)<Ref name="kabed">{{03515}}</Ref> were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.

15 For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left: and there remained not any green thing in the trees, or in the herbs of the field, through all the land of Egypt.

=== Sinned ===

16 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, I have sinned<Ref name="sin">{{02398}}</Ref> against the LORD your God, and against you.

17 Now therefore forgive, I pray thee, my sin only this once, and intreat the LORD your God, that he may take away from me this death only.

18 And he went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the LORD.

19 And the LORD turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away the locusts, and cast them into the Red sea; there remained not one locust in all the coasts of Egypt.

20 But the LORD hardened(<span style="background:blue; color:white;">chazaq</span>)<Ref name="chazaq">{{02388}}</Ref> Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

== The Ninth Plague: Darkness ==

21 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

22 And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:

23 They saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days: but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.

=== Called unto Moses ===

24 And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the LORD; only let your flocks and your herds be stayed: let your little ones also go with you.

=== Moses now demands ===

25 And Moses said, Thou must give us also sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice unto the LORD our God.

26 Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not an hoof be left behind; for thereof must we take to serve the LORD our God; and we know not with what we must serve the LORD, until we come thither.

27 But the LORD hardened(<span style="background:blue; color:white;">chazaq</span>)<Ref name="chazaq">{{02388}}</Ref> Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

28 And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to thyself, see my face no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou shalt die.

29 And Moses said, Thou hast spoken well, I will see thy face again no more.
<br>
<br>
{{Template:Exodus}}