Jutes

A mix of Gauls and Jutes had invaded Rome in late July 390 BCE. The city fell to the invaders because troops had fled the battle at the confluence of the Tiber and the Allia rivers and this left the city undefended to be burnt and sacked.

Only a small group of Romans put up a valiant defense on the Capitol Hill, until the siege and famine forced a surrender. They were forced to pay a ransom of gold, but the humiliation would bring an awakening of a culture of courage and civic brotherhood of honor and responsibility above all else.

While, the Gauls too paid a price because of disease and the difficulty of victory, it would be the Romans who would not forget.

The Cimbrian threatened the Roman Republic during the Cimbric War (113–101 BC) would stir these memories and fears. The Germanic and Celtic tribes of the Cimbri and the Teutons, Ambrones and Tigurini had migrated from the Jutland peninsula and clashed with Rome and her allies. This was the first time since the Second Punic War that there had been a serious threat to Italia and Rome.

Others would renew the Roman commitment to courage and honor with more attacks upon the Roman people. The Greek king Pyrrhus of Epirus, distant relative of Alexander the Great, invaded southern Italy in 280 BC to aid Tarentum from incursions by the Roman Republic in their own territory.

Hannibal Barca commanded Carthaginian forces would bring another reminder for unity and courage in the Second Punic War (218-201 BC). Crossing the Alps from North Africa by way of Spain during the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC, Hannibal‘s forces overwhelmed and annihilated a Roman army of from 50,000-70,000 men in one of the worst defeats in Roman history.

This would lead to a major changes in the internal politics of Rome, and the organization of its military by Gaius Marius, an uncle of Julius Caesar. These events allegedly inspired the Marian reforms that would lead to the altering of Roman culture, and the History of the rise and fall of the Roman Empire was set in motion.

Conflicts and culture

The Eotenas of Beowulf may be the same as the Jutes.

As early as the fifth century  "the three powers of Germany; the Old Saxons, the Angles, and the Jutes" had united in battles. Eventually as Rome diminished the "Saxons populated Essex, Sussex and Wessex; the Jutes Kent, the Isle of Wight and Hampshire."

By 700AD an English monk Bede the Venerable writes of the Jutes and others who had bowed in their own history to the Pax Romana.

"Those who came over were of the three most powerful nations of Germany—Saxons, Angles, and Jutes. From the Jutes are descended the people of Kent, and of the Isle of Wight, and those also in the province of the West Saxons who are to this day called Jutes, seated opposite to the Isle of Wight. — Bede 1910, 1.15

Historians mention Jutland invaded by the Danes in about AD 200, some of the Jutes would have been absorbed by the Danish culture and others migrating to northern Francia and Frisia.