Yod (Strong's 02968-03509)
Hey (Heh) (Strong's 01887-02050) - Vav (Strong's 02051-02060) - Zayin (Strong's 02061-02242) - Chet (Het) (Strong's 02243-02867) -
Tet (Strong's 02868-02967) - Yod (Strong's 02968-03509) - Kaf (Khof, Hof) (Strong's 03510-03807) - Lamed (Strong's 03808-03963) -
Mem (Strong's 03964-04993) - Nun (Strong's 04994-05428) - Samech (Strong's 05429-05644) - Ayin (Strong's 05645-06283) -
Pei (Peh, Feh) (Strong's 06284-06626) - Tzadik (Tsadeh) (Strong's 06627-06891) - Kuf (Qof) (Strong's 06892-07199) -
Yod (Strong's 02968-03509)
י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
02973 ^לאי^ ya’al \@yaw-al’\@ a primitive root; v; {See TWOT on 830} AV-foolishly 1, fool 1, foolish 1, dote 1; 4
- 1) to be foolish, become fools, act foolishly, show wicked folly
- 1a) (Niphal)
- 1a1) to show wicked folly
- 1a2) to become fools
- 1a) (Niphal)
02974 ^לאי^ ya’al \@yaw-al’\@ a primitive root [probably rather the same as 02973 through the idea of mental weakness] Foolish; v; {See TWOT on 831} AV-content 7, please 4, would 3, taken upon me 2, began 1, assayed 1, willingly 1; 19
- 1) to begin, make a beginning, show willingness, undertake to do, be pleased, be determined
- 1a) (Hiphil)
- 1a1) to agree to, show willingness, acquiesce, accept an invitation, be willing
- 1a2) to undertake
- 1a3) to resolve, be pleased, be determined
- 1a) (Hiphil)
02986 ^לבי^ yabal \@yaw-bal’\@ a primitive root; v; {See TWOT on 835} AV-bring 11, carry 4, bring forth 1, lead forth 1, lead 1; 18
- 1) to bring, lead, carry, conduct, bear along
- 1a) (Hiphil)
- 1a1) to bear along, bring
- 1a2) to carry away, lead away
- 1a3) to lead, conduct
- 1b) (Hophal)
- 1b1) to be borne along
- 1b2) to be borne (to the grave)
- 1b3) to be brought, be led, be conducted
- 1a) (Hiphil)
03001 יָבֵשׁ yabesh [yaw-bashe’] a primitive root YodBeitShin; v; [BDB-386a] [{See TWOT on 837 }] AV-dry up 27, withered 22, confounded 9, ashamed 7, dry 7, wither away 2, clean 1, shamed 1, shamefully 1, utterly 1; 78
- 1) to make dry, wither, be dry, become dry, be dried up, be withered
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to be dry, be dried up, be without moisture
- 1a2) to be dried up
- 1b) (Piel) to make dry, dry up
- 1c) (Hiphil)
- 1c1) to dry up, make dry
- 1c1a) to dry up (water)
- 1c1b) to make dry, wither
- 1c1c) to exhibit dryness
- 1a) (Qal)
- י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
- ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)
- ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)
03023 יָגֵעַ yagea‘ [yaw-gay’-ah] from 03021 (יָגַע) yaga the verb weary; adj; [BDB-388a] [{See TWOT on 842 @@ "842b" }] AV-weary 2, full of labour 1; 3
- 1) weary, wearisome
03027 יָד yad [yawd] a primitive word; n f/n m; [BDB-388b] [{See TWOT on 844 }] AV-hand 1359, by 44, consecrate + 04390 14, him 14, power 12, them 11, places 8, tenons 6, thee 6, coast 6, side 5, misc 130; 1615
- 1) hand
- 1a) hand (of man)
- 1b) strength, power (fig.)
- 1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
- 1d) (various special, technical senses)
- 1d1) sign, monument
- 1d2) part, fractional part, share
- 1d3) time, repetition
- 1d4) axle-trees, axle
- 1d5) stays, support (for laver)
- 1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
- 1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
- 1d8) wrists
- Maculine in Ex 17:12 2Sa 4:1 2Ch 15:7 Neh 6:9 Zep 3:16.
03034 ^הדי^ yadah \@yaw-daw’\@ a primitive root [compare 01911]; used only as denominative from 03027; v; AV-praise 53, give thanks 32, confess 16, thank 5, make confession 2, thanksgiving 2, cast 1, cast out 1, shoot 1, thankful 1; 114
- 1) to throw, shoot, cast
- 1a) (Qal) to shoot (arrows)
- 1b) (Piel) to cast, cast down, throw down
- 1c) (Hiphil)
- 1c1) to give thanks, laud, praise
- 1c2) to confess, confess (the name of God)
- 1d) (Hithpael)
- 1d1) to confess (sin)
- 1d2) to give thanks
03045 ^עדי^ yada‘ \@yaw-dah’\@ a primitive root; v; {See TWOT on 848} AV-know 645, known 105, knowledge 19, perceive 18, shew 17, tell 8, wist 7, understand 7, certainly 7, acknowledge 6, acquaintance 6, consider 6, declare 6, teach 5, misc 85; 947
- 1) to know
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to know
- 1a1a) to know, learn to know
- 1a1b) to perceive
- 1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern
- 1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish
- 1a1e) to know by experience
- 1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess
- 1a1g) to consider
- 1a2) to know, be acquainted with
- 1a3) to know (a person carnally)
- 1a4) to know how, be skilful in
- 1a5) to have knowledge, be wise
- 1a1) to know
- 1b) (Niphal)
- 1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed
- 1b2) to make oneself known
- 1b3) to be perceived
- 1b4) to be instructed
- 1c) (Piel) to cause to know
- 1d) (Poal) to cause to know
- 1e) (Pual)
- 1e1) to be known
- 1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle)
- 1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare
- 1g) (Hophal) to be made known
- 1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself
- 1a) (Qal)
03050 יָהּ YodHey Yahh [yaw] contraction for 03068 יְהוָֹה Yëhovah, and meaning the same, Greek 239 αλληλουια; n pr dei; [BDB-219b] [{See TWOT on 484 @@ "484b" }] AV-LORD 48, JAH 1; 49
- 1) Jah (Jehovah in the shortened form)
- 1a) the proper name of the one true God
- 1b) used in many compounds
- 1b1) names beginning with the letters ‘Je’
- 1b2) names ending with ‘iah’ or ‘jah’
03051 יָהַב yahab [yaw-hab’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-396b] [{See TWOT on 849 }] AV-give 23, go to 4, Bring 2, ascribe 1, come on 1, give out 1, Set 1, take 1; 34
- 1) to give, provide, ascribe, come
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to give
- 1a2) to set, place
- 1a3) to provide (with reflexive)
- 1a4) to ascribe (glory)
- 1a5) to grant, permit, come now
- 1a) (Qal)
03054 יָהַד yahad [yaw-had’] denominative from a form corresponding to 03061; v; [BDB-397b] [{See TWOT on 850 }] AV-became Jews 1; 1
- 1) (Hithpael) to become a Jew (in fact or in fraud), become Judaised
03068 יְהוָֹה YodHeyVavHey Yëhovah [yeh-ho-vaw’] from 01961; n pr dei; [BDB-217b] [{See TWOT on 484 @@ "484a" }] AV-LORD 6510, GOD 4, JEHOVAH 4, variant 1; 6519
- Jehovah= "the existing One"
- 1) the proper name of the one true God
- 1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of 0136
- י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
- ה Hey Expression--Thought, Speech, Action. Manifest seeds of thought and life. [Emphasize, jubilation, window, fence] (Numeric value: 5)
- ו Vav Connection, Connecting realms and worlds or the dividing veil between them. [nail... And, Add, secure, hook] (Numeric value: 6)
- ה Hey Expression--Thought, Speech, Action. Manifest seeds of thought and life. [Emphasize, jubilation, window, fence] (Numeric value: 5)
03069 יְהוִֹה Yëhovih [yeh-ho-vee’] a variation of 03068 [used after 0136, and pronounced by Jews as 0430, in order to prevent the repetition of the same sound, since they elsewhere pronounce 03068 as 0136]; n pr dei; [BDB-217b] [{See TWOT on 484 @@ "484a" }] AV-GOD 304, LORD 1; 305
- 1) Jehovah-used primarily in the combination ‘Lord Jehovah’
- 1a) equal to 03068 but pointed with the vowels of 0430
03071 יְהוָֹה נִסִּי Yëhovah nicciy [yeh-ho-vaw’ nis-see’] from 03068 and 05251 with the pr sf; n pr loc; [BDB-651b] [{See TWOT on 484 @@ "484a" }] AV-Jehovahnissi 1; 1 Jehovah-nissi= "Jehovah is my banner"
- 1) the name given by Moses to the altar which he built in commemoration of the discomfiture of the Amalekites
- The term "Jehovah-nissi" may mean “Jehovah Is My Signal Pole,” if nissiʹ is from nes (signal pole). The Greek Septuagint translators understood nissiʹ to be derived from nus (flee for refuge), giving it the meaning “Jehovah Is My Refuge,” but the Latin Vulgate thought nissiʹ derived from nasasʹ (hoist; lift up), thus giving it the meaning “Jehovah Is My Exaltation.”
- If the altars of Abraham and Moses were part of a social safety net like so many other nations then the term "nissi" which is spelled in the Hebrew נִסִּי NunSamechYod may have its origins in the ancient term "nassi".
- The Goddess of welfare in the city-state of Sumer which provided a civil system of social welfare through the Goddess Nanshe which was also spelled Nanse, Nassi, Nazi and who was known as the "protector of the disadvantaged" through her many temples. Syllabic spellings are for example Na-áš, Na-an-še and Na-aš-še. Nanše A. Philological", Heimpel, Wolfgang (1998).
03091 ^עושׁוהי^ Yᵉhowshuwa‘ \@yeh-ho-shoo’- ah\@ or ^עשׁוהי^ Yᵉhowshu‘a \@yeh-ho-shoo’- ah\@ from 03068 and 03467, Greek 2424 ~Ιησους~ and 919 ~βαριησους~; AV-Joshua 218; 218 Joshua or Jehoshua= "Jehovah is salvation" n pr m
- 1) son of Nun of the tribe of Ephraim and successor to Moses as the leader of the children of Israel; led the conquest of Canaan
- 2) a resident of Beth-shemesh on whose land the Ark of the Covenant came to a stop after the Philistines returned it
- 3) son of Jehozadak and high priest after the restoration
- 4) governor of Jerusalem under king Josiah who gave his name to a gate of the city of Jerusalem
03104 לבוי^ yowbel \@yo-bale’\@ or ^לבי^ yobel \@yob-ale’\@ apparently from 02986; n m; {See TWOT on 835 @@ "835e"} AV-jubile 21, ram’s horn 5, trumpet 1; 27
- 1) ram, ram’s horn, trumpet, cornet
- 1a) ram (only in combination)
- 1a1) ram’s horn, trumpet
- 1b) jubilee year (marked by the blowing of cornets) (meton)
- 1a) ram (only in combination)
03117 יוֹם YodVavMem yowm [yome] from an unused root meaning to be hot; n m; [BDB-398a] [{See TWOT on 852 }] AV-day 2008, time 64, chronicles + 01697 37, daily 44, ever 18, year 14, continually 10, when 10, as 10, while 8, full 8 always 4, whole 4, alway 4, misc 44; 2287
- 1) day, time, year
- 1a) day (as opposed to night) [{#Ge 7:4,12 8:22 31:39,40 Ex 24:18 34:28 Nu 11:32 Jos 10:13 De 9:9,11,18,25 10:10 Ge 1:5,14,16,18 1Sa 30:12 Jud 19:8,9,11 Am 5:8 1Ki 8:29 19:8 Ne 4:22 Ec 8:16 2Sa 3:35 }]
- 1a1) the heat of the day [{#Ge 18:1 1Sa 11:11 2Sa 4:5 }]
- 1a2) the day is still high [{#Ge 29:7 }]
- 1a3) cool of the day [{#Ge 3:8 }]
- 1a4) from dawn until midday [{#Ne 8:3 }]
- 1a5) growing lighter and lighter until the full day [{#Pr 4:18 }]
- 1a6) until the declining of the day [{#Jud 19:8 }]
- 1a7) the day has sunk down and become evening [{#Jud 19:9 }]
- 1b) day (24 hour period)
- 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
- 1b2) as a division of time
- 1b2a) a working day, a day’s journey
- 1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
- 1d) time, period (general)
- 1e) year
- 1f) temporal references
- 1f1) today
- 1f2) yesterday
- 1f3) tomorrow
- 1a) day (as opposed to night) [{#Ge 7:4,12 8:22 31:39,40 Ex 24:18 34:28 Nu 11:32 Jos 10:13 De 9:9,11,18,25 10:10 Ge 1:5,14,16,18 1Sa 30:12 Jud 19:8,9,11 Am 5:8 1Ki 8:29 19:8 Ne 4:22 Ec 8:16 2Sa 3:35 }]
03123 יוֹנָה yownah [yo-naw’] probably from the same as 03196 wine יַיִן yayin; n f; [BDB-401b] [{See TWOT on 854 @@ "854a" }] AV-dove 21, pigeon 10, variant + 01686 1; 32
- 1) dove, pigeon
03157 ^לאערזי^ Yizrᵉ‘e’l \@yiz-reh-ale’\@ from 02232 and 0410; AV-Jezreel 36; 36 Jezreel= "God sows" n pr m
- 1) a descendant of the father or founder of Etam of Judah
- 2) first son of Hosea the prophet
- n pr loc
- 3) a city in the Nekeb of Judah
- 4) a city in Issachar on the northwest spur of Mount Gilboa
03176 יָחַל yachal [yaw-chal’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-403b] [{See TWOT on 859 }] AV-hope 22, wait 12, tarry 3, trust 2, variant 2, stayed 1; 42
- 1) to wait, hope, expect
- 1a) (Niphal) to wait
- 1b) (Piel)
- 1b1) to wait, await, tarry
- 1b2) to wait for, hope for
- 1c) (Hiphil) to wait, tarry, wait for, hope for
03187 ^שׂחי^ yachas YodChetShin \@yaw-khas’\@ a primitive root; v; {See TWOT on 862} AV-reckoned by genealogy 12, genealogy 6, number … genealogy 2; 20
- 1) (Hithpael) to reckon genealogically, enrol on a genealogy, enrol, be enrolled
- י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
- ח Chet The Life Force - Dynamic nature of - cause and effect - give life and live.[fence, thread, hedge, chamber...cycle] (Numeric value: 8)
- ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)
03190 יָטַב yatab [yaw-tab’] a primitive root YodTetBeit; v; [BDB-405b] [{See TWOT on 863 }] AV-well 35, good 21, please 14, merry 5, amend 4, better 4, accepted 2, diligently 2, misc 20; 107
- 1) to be good, be pleasing, be well, be glad
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to be glad, be joyful
- 1a2) to be well placed
- 1a3) to be well for, be well with, go well with
- 1a4) to be pleasing, be pleasing to
- 1b) (Hiphil)
- 1b1) to make glad, rejoice
- 1b2) to do good to, deal well with
- 1b3) to do well, do thoroughly
- 1b4) to make a thing good or right or beautiful
- 1b5) to do well, do right
- 1a) (Qal)
03196 ^ןיי^ yayin \@yah’- yin\@ see double Yod from an unused root meaning to effervesce, Greek 3631 ~οινος~; n m; {See TWOT on 864} AV-wine 137, vine 1, banqueting 1, winebibbers + 05433 1; 140
- 1) wine
- On the other had "new wine" is often the word 08492 ^שׁורית^ tiyrowsh \@tee-roshe’\@ or ^שׁרית^ tiyrosh \@tee-roshe’\@ from 03423 (meaning dispossess, take possession of, inherit,) in the sense of expulsion; n m; {See TWOT on 2505} AV-wine 38; 38
- 1) wine, fresh or new wine, must, freshly pressed wine
03198 ^חכי^ yakach \@yaw-kahh’\@ a primitive root; v; AV-reprove 23, rebuke 12, correct 3, plead 3, reason 2, chasten 2, reprover + 0376 2, appointed 1, arguing 1, misc 9; 59
- 1) to prove, decide, judge, rebuke, reprove, correct, be right
- 1a) (Hiphil)
- 1a1) to decide, judge
- 1a2) to adjudge, appoint
- 1a3) to show to be right, prove
- 1a4) to convince, convict
- 1a5) to reprove, chide
- 1a6) to correct, rebuke
- 1b) (Hophal) to be chastened
- 1c) (Niphal) to reason, reason together
- 1d) (Hithp) to argue
- 1a) (Hiphil)
03205 ^דלי^ yalad \@yaw-lad’\@ a primitive root; v; AV-beget 201, bare 110, born 79, bring forth 25, bear 23, travail 16, midwife 10, child 8, delivered 5, borne 3, birth 2, labour 2, brought up 2, misc 12; 498
- 1) to bear, bring forth, beget, gender, travail
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to bear, bring forth
- 1a1a) of child birth
- 1a1b) of distress (simile)
- 1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)
- 1a2) to beget
- 1b) (Niphal) to be born
- 1c) (Piel)
- 1c1) to cause or help to bring forth
- 1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife
- 1c3) midwife (participle)
- 1d) (Pual) to be born
- 1e) (Hiphil)
- 1e1) to beget or to father (a child)
- 1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)
- 1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)
- 1g) (Hithpael) to declare one’s birth (pedigree)
- 1a1) to bear, bring forth
- 1a) (Qal)
03212 ^ךלי^ yalak \@yaw-lak’\@ a primitive root [compare 01980]; v; AV-go 628, walk 122, come 77, depart 66, … away 20, follow 20, get 14, lead 17, brought 8, carry 5, bring 4, misc 62; 1043
- 1) to go, walk, come
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
- 1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1b) (Hiphil) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
03216 יָלַע yala‘ [yaw-lah’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-534a] [{See TWOT on 1098 }] AV-devoureth 1; 1
- 1) (Qal) to speak rashly, talk wildly
- 1a) (TWOT) to swallow, swallow down
03218 ^קלי^ yekeq \@yeh’- lek\@ from an unused root meaning to lick up; n m; {See TWOT on 870 @@ "870a"} AV-cankerworm 6, caterpillar 3; 9
- 1) young locust (early stage of development)
- 1a) caterpillar (as devouring)
03220 יָם yam [yawm] from an unused root meaning to roar YodMem; n m; [BDB-410b] [{See TWOT on 871 @@ "871a" }] AV-sea 321, west 47, westward 21, west side 4, seafaring men 1, south 1, western 1; 396
- 1) sea
- 1a) Mediterranean Sea
- 1b) Red Sea
- 1c) Dead Sea
- 1d) Sea of Galilee
- 1e) sea (general)
- 1f) mighty river (Nile)
- 1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
- 1h) seaward, west, westward
03225 ^ןימי^ yamiyn \@yaw-meen’\@ from 03231; n f; {See TWOT on 872 @@ "872a"} AV-hand 105, right 24, side 5, south 3, lefthanded + 0334 2; 139
- 1) right, right hand, right side
- 1a) right hand
- 1b) right (of direction)
- 1c) south (the direction of the right hand when facing East)
03238 ^הני^ yanah \@yaw-naw’\@ a primitive root, Greek 2388 ~Ιαννα~ Janna ="flourishing"; v; {See TWOT on 873} AV-oppress 11, vex 4, destroy 1, oppressor 1, proud 1, do wrong 1, oppression 1, thrust out; 21
- 1) to oppress, suppress, treat violently, maltreat, vex, do wrong
- 1a) (Qal) to oppress, suppress
- 1b) (Hiphil) to treat violently, maltreat
03240 יָנַח yanach [yaw-nakh’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-628b] [{See TWOT on 1323 }] AV-leave 24, up 10, lay 8, suffer 5, place 4, put 4, set 4, … down 4, let alone 4, … him 2, bestowed 1, leave off 1, pacifieth 1, still 1, withdraw 1, withhold 1; 75
- 1) to rest
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to rest, settle down and remain
- 1a2) to repose, have rest, be quiet
- 1b) (Hiphil)
- 1b1) to cause to rest, give rest to, make quiet
- 1b2) to cause to rest, cause to alight, set down
- 1b3) to lay or set down, deposit, let lie, place
- 1b4) to let remain, leave
- 1b5) to leave, depart from
- 1b6) to abandon
- 1b7) to permit
- 1c) (Hophal)
- 1c1) to obtain rest, be granted rest
- 1c2) to be left, be placed
- 1c3) open space (subst)
- 1a) (Qal)
03245 יָסַד yacad [yaw-sad’] a primitive root YodShemachDelat; v; [BDB-413b] [{See TWOT on 875 }] AV-foundation 15, lay 8, founded 8, ordain 2, counsel 2, established 2, foundation + 03117 1, appointed 1, instructed 1, set 1, sure 1; 42
- 1) to found, fix, establish, lay foundation
- 1a) (Qal) to found, establish, begin
- 1b) (Niphal)
- 1b1) to fix or seat themselves close together, sit in conclave
- 1b2) to be founded
- 1c) (Piel)
- 1c1) to found
- 1c2) to establish, appoint, ordain
- 1d) (Pual) to be founded, be laid
- 1e) (Hophal) to be founded
03247 ^דוסי^ yᵉcowd \@yes-ode’\@ YodShamechVavDalet from 03245 YodShemachDelat; n f; AV-foundation 10, bottom 9, repairing 1; 20
- 1) foundation, base
- 1a) foundation
- 1b) base, bottom
- י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
- ס Samech The Eternal Cycle The circular symbolizes the fundamental truth described in the mystery of the ten statements [ prop... Support, turn] (Numeric value: 60)
- ו Vav Connection, Connecting realms and worlds or the dividing veil between them. [nail... And, Add, secure, hook] (Numeric value: 6)
- ד Dalet Selflessness – Charity, back and forth or through a door or pathway, to enter like a fish (Numeric value: 4)
03254 יָסַף yacaph [yaw-saf’] a primitive root YodSamechPei; v; [BDB-414b] [{See TWOT on 876 }] AV-more 70, again 54, add 28, increase 16, also 6, exceed 4, put 4, further 4, henceforth 4, can 2, continued 2, give 2, misc 17; 213
- 1) to add, increase, do again
- 1a) (Qal) to add, increase, do again
- 1b) (Niphal)
- 1b1) to join, join oneself to
- 1b2) to be joined, be added to
- 1c) (Hiphil)
- 1c1) to cause to add, increase
- 1c2) to do more, do again
- י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
- ס Samech The Eternal Cycle The circular symbolizes the fundamental truth described in the mystery of the ten statements [ prop... Support, turn] (Numeric value: 60)
- פ ף Pei Communication: The Oral Torah The mouth, blow, edge. [Mouth speak open word] (Numeric value: 80)
03256 יָסַר yacar [yaw-sar’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-415b] [{See TWOT on 877 }] AV-chastise 21 instruct 8, correct 7, taught 2, bound 1, punish 1, reformed 1, reproveth 1, sore 1; 43
- 1) to chasten, discipline, instruct, admonish
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to chasten, admonish
- 1a2) to instruct
- 1a3) to discipline
- 1b) (Niphal) to let oneself be chastened or corrected or admonished
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1c) (Piel)
- 1c1) to discipline, correct
- 1c2) to chasten, chastise
- 1d) (Hiphil) to chasten
- 1e) (Nithpael) to teach
- see The Rod
03259 ^דעי^ ya‘ad \@yaw-ad’\@ a primitive root; v; AV-meet 7, together 5, assemble 4, appointed 3, set 3, time 2, betrothed 2, agreed 1, appointment 1, gather 1; 29
- 1) to fix, appoint, assemble, meet, set, betroth
- 1a) (Qal) to appoint, assign, designate
- 1b) (Niphal)
- 1b1) to meet
- 1b2) to meet by appointment
- 1b3) to gather, assemble by appointment
- 1c) (Hiphil) to cause to meet
- 1d) (Hophal) to be set, be placed before, be fixed
03276 יַעַל ya‘al [yaw-al’] a primitive root; v; See [[01100}} Belial [BDB-418b] [{See TWOT on 882 }] AV-profit 19, at all 1, set forward 1, good 1, profitable 1; 23
- 1) (Hiphil) to gain, profit, benefit, avail
03284 יַעֲנָה ya‘anah [yah-an-aw’] from 03283; n f; [BDB-419a] {See TWOT on 884 @@ "884b"} AV-owl 8; 8
- 1) an unclean bird
- 1a) owl, ostrich, literally translated as "daughters of the owl"
- 1b) perhaps an extinct bird, exact meaning unknown
03289 יָעַץ YodAyinTzadik ya‘ats [yaw-ats’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-419b] [{See TWOT on 887 }] AV-counsel 25, counsellor 22, consult 9, give 7, purposed 5, advice 2, determined 2, advise 2, deviseth 2, taken 2, misc 2; 80
- 1) to advise, consult, give counsel, counsel, purpose, devise, plan
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to advise, counsel, give counsel, consult
- 1a2) counsellor (participle)
- 1b) (Niphal) to consult together, exchange counsel, deliberate, counsel together
- 1c) (Hithpael) to conspire
- 1a) (Qal)
number - 03302
orig_word - יָפָה
word_orig - a primitive root
translit - yaphah
tdnt - TWOT - 890
phonetic - yaw-faw'
part_of_speech - Verb
st_def - a primitive root; properly, to be bright, i.e. (by implication) beautiful:--be beautiful, be (make self) fair(-r), deck.
IPD_def -
- 1. to be bright, be beautiful, be handsome, be fair
- a.(Qal) to be beautiful
- b.(Piel) to beautify
- c.(Pual) to be beautiful
- d.(Hithpael) to beautify oneself
English -
letter - y
data - {"def":{"short":"properly, to be bright, i.e., (by implication) beautiful","long":["to be bright, be beautiful, be handsome, be fair",["(Qal) to be beautiful","(Piel) to beautify","(Pual) to be beautiful","(Hithpael) to beautify oneself"]]},"deriv":"a primitive root","pronun":{"ipa":"jɔːˈpɔː","ipa_mod":"jɑːˈfɑː","sbl":"yāpâ","dic":"yaw-PAW","dic_mod":"ya-FA"}}
usages - be beautiful, be (make self) fair(-r), deck
03318 יָצָא yatsa’ [yaw-tsaw’] a primitive root YodZtadikAlef; v; [BDB-422a] [{See TWOT on 893 }] AV- … out 518, … forth 411, bring 24, come 24, proceed 16, go 13, depart 10, misc 53; 1069
- 1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
- 1a2) to go forth (to a place)
- 1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
- 1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
- 1a5) to come out of
- 1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
- 1b) (Hiphil)
- 1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
- 1b2) to bring out of
- 1b3) to lead out
- 1b4) to deliver
- 1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth
- 1a) (Qal)
03320 יָצַב YodTzadikBeit yatsab [yaw-tsab’] a primitive root TzadikBeit; v; [BDB-426a] [{See TWOT on 894 }] AV-stand 24, present 9, set 6, stand still 2, stand up 2, withstand 1, stand fast 1, stand forth 1, remaining 1, resorted 1; 48
- 1) to place, set, stand, set or station oneself, present oneself
- 1a) (Hithpael) to station oneself, take one’s stand, stand, present oneself, stand with someone
- י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
- צ ץ Tzadik is always related to The Faith of the Righteous One, the foundation of the word "to hunt" or Harvest even eat or desire. [Harvest, pant, desire] (Numeric value: 90)
- ב Beit Purpose: God's Dwelling Place Below - a house or God's house here. [household, in, into] (Numeric value: 2)
03332 יָצַק yatsaq [yaw-tsak’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-427a] [{See TWOT on 897 }] AV-pour 21, cast 11, … out 7, molten 6, firm 2, set down 1, fast 1, groweth 1, hard 1, overflown 1, stedfast 1; 53
- 1) to pour, flow, cast, pour out
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to pour, pour out
- 1a2) to cast
- 1a3) to flow
- 1b) (Hiphil) to pour, pour out
- 1c) (Hophal)
- 1c1) to be poured
- 1c2) cast, molten (participle)
- 1c3) being firmly established (participle)
- 1a) (Qal)
03334 יָצַר yatsar [yaw-tsar’] a primitive root YodTzedekReish; v; [BDB-864b] [{See TWOT on 1973 }] AV-distressed 4, be straitened 2, be in straits 1, vexed 1, be narrow 1; 9
- 1) to bind, be distressed, be in distress, be cramped, be narrow, be scant, be in straits, make narrow, cause distress, beseige
- 1a) (Qal) to suffer distress
03335 ^רצי^ yatsar \@yaw-tsar’\@ YodTzedekReish probably identical with 03334 to bind (through the squeezing into shape), ([compare 03331]); v; {See TWOT on 898} AV-form 26, potter 17, fashion 5, maker 4, frame 3, make 3, former 2, earthen 1, purposed 1; 62
- 1) to form, fashion, frame
- 1a) (Qal) to form, fashion
- 1a1) of human activity
- 1a2) of divine activity
- 1a2a) of creation
- 1a2a1) of original creation
- 1a2a2) of individuals at conception
- 1a2a3) of Israel as a people
- 1a2b) to frame, pre-ordain, plan (fig. of divine) purpose of a situation)
- 1a2a) of creation
- 1b) (Niphal) to be formed, be created
- 1c) (Pual) to be predetermined, be pre-ordained
- 1d) (Hophal) to be formed
- 1a) (Qal) to form, fashion
03336 ^רצי^ yetser \@yay’- tser\@ from 03335; n m; {See TWOT on 898 @@ "898a"} AV-imagination 5, frame 1, mind 1, thing framed 1, work 1; 9
- 1) form, framing, purpose, framework
- 1a) form
- 1a1) pottery
- 1a2) graven image
- 1a3) man (as formed from the dust)
- 1b) purpose, imagination, device (intellectual framework)
- 1a) form
03353 יָקוּשׁ YodKufVavShin yaquwsh [yaw-koosh’] passive participle of 03369KufVavShin "to lure, entice, snare, lay a snare or lure, set a trap" ; n m; [BDB-430b] [{See TWOT on 906 @@ "906b" }] AV-fowler 2, snare 1; 3
- 1) fowler, trapper, bait-layer
03368 יָקָר yaqar [yaw-kawr’] from 03365 to esteem, be prized, be valuable, be precious, be costly, v; adj; [BDB-429b, BDB-891a] [{See TWOT on 905 @@ "905a" }] AV-precious 25, costly 4, excellent 2, brightness 1, clear 1, fat 1, reputation 1, honourable women 1; 36
- 1) valuable, prized, weighty, precious, rare, splendid
- 1a) precious
- 1a1) costly
- 1a2) precious, highly valued
- 1a3) precious stones or jewels
- 1b) rare
- 1c) glorious, splendid
- 1d) weighty, influential
- 1a) precious
03372 יָרֵא yare’ [yaw-ray’] Yod Reish Alef a primitive root; v; [BDB-431a] [{See TWOT on 907 }] [{See TWOT on 908 }] AV-fear 188, afraid 78, terrible 23, terrible thing 6, dreadful 5, reverence 3, fearful 2, terrible acts 1, misc 8; 314
- 1) to fear, revere, be afraid
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to fear, be afraid
- 1a2) to stand in awe of, be awed
- 1a3) to fear, reverence, honour, respect
- 1b) (Niphal)
- 1b1) to be fearful, be dreadful, be feared
- 1b2) to cause astonishment and awe, be held in awe
- 1b3) to inspire reverence or godly fear or awe
- 1c) (Piel) to make afraid, terrify
- 1a) (Qal)
- 2) (TWOT) to shoot, pour
03373 יָרֵא yare’ [yaw-ray’] Yod Reish Alef from 03372 the same; adj; [BDB-431a] [{See TWOT on 907 @@ "907a" }] AV-fear 59, afraid 3, fearful 2; 64
- 1) fearing, reverent, afraid
03374 יִרְאָה yir’ah [yir-aw’] from 03373; n f; [BDB-432a] [{See TWOT on 907 @@ "907b" }] AV-fear 41, exceedingly + 01419 2, dreadful 1, fearfulness 1; 45
- 1) fear, terror, fearing
- 1a) fear, terror
- 1b) awesome or terrifying thing (object causing fear)
- 1c) fear (of God), respect, reverence, piety
- 1d) revered
03381 יָרַד yarad [yaw-rad’] a primitive root; v; [BDB-432b] [{See TWOT on 909 }] AV-(come, go, etc) down 340, descend 18, variant 2, fell 2, let 1, abundantly 1, down by 1, indeed 1, put off 1, light off 1, out 1, sank 1, subdued 1, take 1; 380
- 1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to go or come down
- 1a2) to sink
- 1a3) to be prostrated
- 1a4) to come down (of revelation)
- 1b) (Hiphil)
- 1b1) to bring down
- 1b2) to send down
- 1b3) to take down
- 1b4) to lay prostrate
- 1b5) to let down
- 1c) (Hophal)
- 1c1) to be brought down
- 1c2) to be taken down
- 1a) (Qal)
03383 יַרְדֵּן Yarden [yar-dane’] from 03381 יָרַד YodLamedLamed to go down, Greek 2446 Ιορδανης; n pr loc; [BDB-434b] [{See TWOT on 909 }] AV-Jordan 182; 182 Jordan= "descender"
- 1) the river of Palestine running from the roots of Anti-Lebanon to the Dead Sea a distance of approx. 200 miles (320 km)
03384 ^הרי^ yarah \@yaw-raw’\@ or (#2Ch 26:15) ^ארי^ yara’ \@yaw-raw’\@ a primitive root; v; AV-teach 42, shoot 18, archers 5, cast 5, teacher 4, rain 2, laid 1, direct 1, inform 1, instructed 1, shewed 1, shooters 1, through 1, watered 1; 84
- 1) to throw, shoot, cast, pour
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to throw, cast
- 1a2) to cast, lay, set
- 1a3) to shoot arrows
- 1a4) to throw water, rain
- 1b) (Niphal) to be shot
- 1c) (Hiphil)
- 1c1) to throw, cast
- 1c2) to shoot
- 1c3) to point out, show
- 1c4) to direct, teach, instruct
- 1c5) to throw water, rain
- 1a) (Qal)
03389 יְרוּשָׁלַם Yëruwshalaim [yer-oo-shaw-lah’-im] rarely seen with a Yod before the Mem at the end ירושׁלים Yëruwshalayim [yer-oo-shaw-lah’-yim] a dual (in allusion to its two main hills [the true pointing, at least of the former reading, seems to be that of 03390 (יְרוּשֶׁלֵם) ]), probably from (the passive participle of) 03384 יָרָה yarah To Teach and 07999 שָׁלַם shalam, or 08000, 08001, 08002, 08003, 08004, 08006 also spelled שָׁלַם and meaning pay, recompence or peace, etc. Greek 2414 Ιεροσολυμα and 2419 Ιερουσαλημ; n pr loc; [BDB-436b] [{See TWOT on 918 @@ "918c" }] AV-Jerusalem 643; 643
- Jerusalem= "teaching of peace"
- 1) the chief city of Palestine and capital of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split
- To teach peace on the two levels of spirit and truth requires Spirit of God.
03414 יִרְמְיָה Yirmëyah [yir-meh-yaw’] or ירמיהו Yirmëyahuw [yir-meh-yaw’-hoo] from 07311 רוּם ruwm to rise up or give and 03050 יָהּ Yahh LORD, Greek 2408 Ιερεμιας; n pr m; [BDB-941b] [{See TWOT on 916 @@ "916b" }] AV-Jeremiah 147; 147
- Jeremiah= "whom Jehovah has appointed"
- 1) the major prophet, son of Hilkiah of the priestly family in Anathoth; author of the prophetic book bearing his name
- 2) a man of Libnah and father of Hamutal the wife of King Josiah
- 3) a Gadite who joined David at Ziklag
- 4) a Manassehite, one of the mighty men of valour of the Transjordanic half tribe of Manasseh
- 5) a Gadite and warrior of David
- 6) a warrior of David
- 7) a priest who joined Nehemiah in the covenant ceremony
- 8) a priest also in the time of Nehemiah; maybe same as 7
- 9) father of Jaazaniah the Rechabites
03423 ^שׁרי^ yarash \@yaw-rash’\@ or ^שׁרי^ yaresh \@yaw-raysh’\@ YodReishShin a primitive root; v; {See TWOT on 920} AV-possess 116, … out 46, inherit 21, heir 10, possession 6, succeed 5, dispossess 4, poverty 3, drive 2, enjoy 2, poor 2, expelled 2, utterly 2, misc 11; 232
- 1) to seize, dispossess, take possession of, inherit, disinherit, occupy, impoverish, be an heir
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to take possession of
- 1a2) to inherit
- 1a3) to impoverish, come to poverty, be poor
- 1b) (Niphal) to be dispossessed, be impoverished, come to poverty
- 1c) (Piel) to devour
- 1d) (Hiphil)
- 1d1) to cause to possess or inherit
- 1d2) to cause others to possess or inherit
- 1d3) to impoverish
- 1d4) to dispossess
- 1d5) to destroy, bring to ruin, disinherit
- 1a) (Qal)
- י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
- ר Reish Process of Clarification The "head" or "beginning". Life's revelation. [Head... Person head highest] (Numeric value: 200)
- ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)
03426 יֵשׁ yesh [yaysh] perhaps from an unused root meaning to stand out, or exist; subst; [BDB-441a] [{See TWOT on 921 }] AV-is 54, be 28, have 22, there 13, misc 16; 133
- 1) being, existence, substance, there is or are
- 1a) substance
- 1b) existence
- 1c) there is or are
- See 03427 יָשַׁ is the first two letters of many proper names and the word salvation (03444 יְשׁוּעָה - 03468 יֶשַׁע yesha‘).
03427 ^בשׁי^ yashab \@yaw-shab’\@ a primitive root YodShinBeit; contains the word 03426 יֵשׁ exisiting, be, have; v; AV-dwell 437, inhabitant 221, sit 172, abide 70, inhabit 39, down 26, remain 23, in 22, tarry 19, set 14, continue 5, place 7, still 5, taken 5, misc 23; 1088
- 1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to sit, sit down
- 1a2) to be set
- 1a3) to remain, stay
- 1a4) to dwell, have one’s abode
- 1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited
- 1c) (Piel) to set, place
- 1d) (Hiphil)
- 1d1) to cause to sit
- 1d2) to cause to abide, set
- 1d3) to cause to dwell
- 1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited
- 1d5) to marry (give a dwelling to)
- 1e) (Hophal)
- 1e1) to be inhabited
- 1e2) to make to dwell
- 1a) (Qal)
03444 ^העושׁי^ yᵉshuw‘ah \@yesh-oo’- aw\@ passive participle of 03467; n f; AV-salvation 65, help 4, deliverance 3, health 3, save 1, saving 1, welfare 1; 78
- 1) salvation, deliverance
- 1a) welfare, prosperity
- 1b) deliverance
- 1c) salvation (by God)
- 1d) victory
03467 ^עשׁי^ YodShinAyin yasha‘ \@yaw-shah’\@ a primitive root, Greek 5614 ~ωσαννα~; v; AV-save 149, saviour 15, deliver 13, help 12, preserved 5, salvation 3, avenging 2, at all 1, avenged 1, defend 1, rescue 1, safe 1, victory 1; 205
- 1) to save, be saved, be delivered
- 1a) (Niphal)
- 1a1) to be liberated, be saved, be delivered
- 1a2) to be saved (in battle), be victorious
- 1b) (Hiphil)
- 1b1) to save, deliver
- 1b2) to save from moral troubles
- 1b3) to give victory to
- 1a) (Niphal)
- י Yod The Infinite Point of essential good. Divine spark hidden in the ט Tet. Spark of spirit. [closed hand... Deed, work, to make] (Numeric value: 10)
- ש Shin Eternal Flame of Spiritual Revelation, bound to the coal of righteousness, the Divine Essence. [sun... teeth... consume destroy] (Numeric value: 300)
- ע Ayin also U. Divine Providence "eye" or "fountain" of five states of kindness or severity. AlefYodNun or nothingness as opposed to AlefShin something [eye, watch] (Numeric value: 70)
03468 יֶשַׁע yesha‘ [yeh’-shah] orישׁע yesha‘ [yay’-shah]from 03467; n m; [BDB-447a] [{See TWOT on 929 @@ "929a" }] AV-salvation 32, safety 3, saving 1; 36
- 1) deliverance, salvation, rescue, safety, welfare
- 1a) safety, welfare, prosperity
- 1b) salvation
- 1c) victory
03474 ^רשׁי^ yashar \@yaw-shar’\@ a primitive root; v; {See TWOT on 930} AV-please 6, straight 5, direct 4, right 3, well 2, fitted 1, good 1, make straight 1, meet 1, upright 1, uprightly 1; 27
- 1) to be right, be straight, be level, be upright, be just, be lawful, be smooth
- 1a) (Qal)
- 1a1) to go straight
- 1a2) to be pleasing, be agreeable, be right (fig.)
- 1a3) to be straightforward, be upright
- 1b) (Piel)
- 1b1) to make right, make smooth, make straight
- 1b2) to lead, direct, lead straight along
- 1b3) to esteem right, approve
- 1c) (Pual) to be made level, be laid smoothly out
- 1d) (Hiphil) to make straight, look straight
- 1a) (Qal)
03476 ^רשׁי^ yosher \@yo’- sher\@ from 03474; n m; AV-uprightness 9, right 2, upright 1, meet 1; 14
- 1) straightness, uprightness
- 1a) straightness, evenness (moral implications)
- 1b) rightness, uprightness
- 1c) what is right, what is due
03477 ^רשׁי^ yashar \@yaw-shawr’\@ from 03474; adj; AV-right 53, upright 42, righteous 9, straight 3, convenient 2, Jasher 2, equity 1, just 1, meet 1, meetest 1, upright ones 1, uprightly 1, uprightness 1, well 1; 119
- 1) straight, upright, correct, right
- 1a) straight, level
- 1b) right, pleasing, correct
- 1c) straightforward, just, upright, fitting, proper
- 1d) uprightness, righteous, upright
- 1e) that which is upright (subst)
03478 ^לארשׂי^ Yisra’el \@yis-raw-ale’\@ from 08280 and 0410, Greek 2474 ~Ισραηλ~; ; n pr m AV-Israel 2489, Israelites 16; 2505 The term Israel means first "God prevails" but is also defined:
- 1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel
- 2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob
- 2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split
- 2b) the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah
- 2c) the name of the nation after the return from exile
03498 יָתַר yathar [yaw-thar’] YodTavReish a primitive root; v; [BDB-451a] [{See TWOT on 936 }] AV-leave 52, remain 23, rest 12, remainder 4, remnant 4, reserved 3, residue 3, plenteous 2, behind 1, excel 1, much 1, preserve 1; 107
- 1) to be left over, remain, remain over, leave
- 1a) (Qal) remainder (participle)
- 1b) (Niphal) to be left over, remain over, be left behind
- 1c) (Hiphil)
- 1c1) to leave over, leave
- 1c2) to save over, preserve alive
- 1c3) to excel, show pre-eminence
- 1c4) to show excess, have more than enough, have an excess
03499 יֶתֶר yether [yeh’-ther] from 03498 יָתַר yathar "to be left over"; n m; [BDB-451b] [{See TWOT on 936 @@ " 936a" }] AV-rest 63, remnant 14, residue 8, leave 4, excellency 3, withs 3, cord 1, exceeding 1, excellent 1, more 1, plentifully 1, string 1; 101
- 1) remainder, excess, rest, remnant, excellence
- 1a) remainder, remnant
- 1b) remainder, rest, other part
- 1c) excess
- 1d) abundantly (adv)
- 1e) abundance, affluence
- 1f) superiority, excellency
03500 יֶתֶר Yether [yeh’-ther] the same as 03499; n pr m; [BDB-452a] [{See TWOT on 936 @@ "936a" }] AV-Jether 8, Jethro 1; 9
- Jether= "abundance"
- 1) father-in-law of Moses
- 2) oldest son of Gideon
- 3) father of Jephunneh and the chief of a line of warriors of the line of Asher
- 4) father of Amasa, the commander of Absalom’s army
- 5) son of Jada, a descendant of Hezron, of the tribe of Judah
- 6) a son of Ezra, a Judaite
03504 יִתְרוֹן yithrown [yith-rone’] from 03498 יָתַר yathar leave or remain; n m; [BDB-452b] [{See TWOT on 936 @@ "936f" }] AV-profit 5, excelleth 2, excellency 1, profitable 1, better 1; 10
- 1) advantage, profit, excellency
03508 יֹתֶרֶת yothereth [yo-theh’-reth] act. participle of 03498; n f; [BDB-452b] [{See TWOT on 936 @@ "936e" }] AV-caul 11; 11
- 1) appendage, overhang, protrusion, the caudate lobe of the liver of a sacrificial animal
Hey (Heh) (Strong's 01887-02050) - Vav (Strong's 02051-02060) - Zayin (Strong's 02061-02242) - Chet (Het) (Strong's 02243-02867) -
Tet (Strong's 02868-02967) - Yod (Strong's 02968-03509) - Kaf (Khof, Hof) (Strong's 03510-03807) - Lamed (Strong's 03808-03963) -
Mem (Strong's 03964-04993) - Nun (Strong's 04994-05428) - Samech (Strong's 05429-05644) - Ayin (Strong's 05645-06283) -
Pei (Peh, Feh) (Strong's 06284-06626) - Tzadik (Tsadeh) (Strong's 06627-06891) - Kuf (Qof) (Strong's 06892-07199) -