Talk:Moses
Tim Mahoney
Tim Mahoney, film producer of Patterns of Evidence: The Exodus.
Berlin Pedestal
Dr David Rohl a British Egyptologist and former director of the Institute for the Study of Interdisciplinary Sciences (ISIS) who from the 1980s has put forward several unconventional theories revising the chronology of Ancient Egypt and Israel to form an alternative new chronology.
Pharaohs and Kings: A Biblical Quest (Crown, 1995)
David Rohl: “EXODUS, MYTH OR HISTORY?”
1500 – 1480 BC is the time of the pharaoh Queen Hatshepsut, and she had a close confidant, described by the well-known Egyptologist Joyce Tyldesley in her book on Hatshepsut, as the ‘Greatest of the Great’.
Jericho was earlier than the 1200 even 1300
Rameses 1250 BC
Under Rameses is Middle bronze era Avarise
1500 – 1480 BC is the time of the pharaoh Queen Hatshepsut, and she had a close confidant, described by the well-known Egyptologist Joyce Tyldesley in her book on Hatshepsut, as the ‘Greatest of the Great’.
The father of Hatshepsut was Thutmose l
The Amarna Tablets
(1404 - 1341 BC)
More: Amarna Tablets which chronicle the conquest of Joshua
Tablet EA 286: "The Habiru are now capturing the fortresses of the Pharaoh. Not a single governor remains among them to my lord the King: all have perished. Zimrida of Lachish has been killed. May the King send help. Lo, if no reinforcements come this year, all the countries of my lord the King will be utterly destroyed. ... The land of the King is lost to the Habiru. And now indeed a city of the territory of Jerusalem, Bet-Ninib, has been captured. ... After taking the city of Rubuda, they are now attempting to take Jerusalem... , What have I done against my lord the King, that thou lovest the Habiru, and hatest the governors? ... The Habiru have wasted all the territory of the King', and so on." (Amarna Tablet, A Letter from Abdu-Heba of Jerusalem, EA 286)
Tablet EA 276: "They are now attempting to take Jerusalem. ... Gezer, Ashkelon, and Lachish have given oil, food, and supplies to the Habiru. ... Labaya and the land of Shechem have given all to the Habiru." (Amarna Tablet, A Letter from Abdu-Heba of Jerusalem, EA 287)
1. The 382 Amarna Letters represent one of the greatest archeological proofs that the conquest under Joshua of the promised land is true.
a. The Amarna Letters fully document the Habiru (Hebrews) conquest of Canaan by Joshua starting in 1406 BC.
The Amarna tablets are a second record of the conquest from Egyptian and Canaanite cuneiform tablets written in Akkadian Babylonian. c. A broader date for the Amarna tablets is 1404 - 1340 BC (64 years). They cannot be any earlier than the beginning of the conquest of the Judah (1404 BC) or any later when Amarna was destroyed in the second year of King Tut (1340 BC). These dates represent the outer limits and the actual period of the Amarna letters is likely shorter than 64 years.
2. David Rohl destroys this powerful synchronism with the conquest by shifting the date for the Amarna tablets and Akhenaten to the time of king Saul of Judah.
a. During the time of Saul and David the promised land was under the control of the Philistines not Egypt.
b. In the Bible narrative of Saul, David and Solomon, Egypt is never even mentioned at a combatant.
c. In Rohl’s chronology, the mass Philistines immigration into Canaan did not occur until the 8th year of Ramesses III which he misdates to 916 BC.
d. Rohl believes Ramesses II is the same person as Shishak of the Bible (945-924 BC) who attacked Jerusalem in 925 BC and died in 924 BC.
e. This means that the Philistines did not mass migrate into Canaan until 916 BC (8th year of Ramesses III).
f. Rohl therefore cannot use the Amarna tablets to document the conquest of Joshua. Rohl has Saul fighting the Egyptian control of Canaan as seen in the Amarna Tablets but Egypt is not mentioned in the Bible even once during the reign of Saul or David in any way. The Bible shows Saul’s main enemy was the Philistines where David killed Goliath, yet according to Rohl, this was 100 years before the Philistines arrived in large numbers after the death of Solomon in 924 BC.
3. The Hebrew conquest of Canaan under the command of Joshua took exactly eight years to complete (1407-1399 BC) but it wasn't until 1404 BC that Joshua began the conquest of southern Israel, followed by the conquest of northern Israel.
a. Aaron died on the 1st day of the 5th month of the 40th year of the wilderness wandering (summer 1407 BC). Shortly after mourning Aaron for 30 days, the people left Mount Hor, defeated the Transjordan nations, and then mourned for Moses 30 days. They crossed the Jordan on the 10th day of the 1st month of the 41st year (spring, 1406 BC), four days before the 41st Passover, which was exactly 40 years to the day they left Goshen. They started counting sabbatical years and Jubilee after crossing the Jordan. (Num 33:38; 20:28; Deut 34:8; Josh 4:19; 5:10)
b. From Josh 14:10 we know that Caleb was given Hebron 45 years after Moses promised it to him. This corresponded with year 5 after crossing the Jordan in 1406 BC. Caleb possessed Hebron in 1401 BC.
c. “Now behold, the Lord has let me live, just as He spoke, these forty-five years, from the time that the Lord spoke this word to Moses, when Israel walked in the wilderness; and now behold, I am eighty-five years old today." (Joshua 14:10)
5. In a breathtaking confirmation of the conquest of Joshua the cities of Jerusalem, Shechem, Gezer, Ashkelon, Lachish and others are mentioned by name in the Amarna Tablets.
The Exodus from Egypt, a Lecture with Dr. James Hoffmeier