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: "Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place [such] over them, [to be] rulers of thousands, [and] rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens:" Exodus 18:21  
: "Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place [such] over them, [to be] rulers of thousands, [and] rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens:" Exodus 18:21  


Early Israel was a network of congregations bound only by a common purpose which did not allow people to take from others because they hated covetousness.<Ref> 08130 ^אנשׂ^ sane’ \@saw-nay’\@ a primitive root; v; AV-hate 136, enemies 3, enemy 2, foes 1, hateful 1, misc 3; 146 1) to hate, be hateful    1a) (Qal) to hate          1a1) of man          1a2) of God          1a3) hater, one hating, enemy (participle) (subst) 1b) (Niphal) to be hated    1c) (Piel) hater (participle)  1c1) of persons, nations, God, wisdom
Early Israel was a network of congregations bound only by a common purpose which did not allow people to take from others because their "rulers" "hated covetousness".<Ref> 08130 ^אנשׂ^ sane’ \@saw-nay’\@ a primitive root; v; AV-hate 136, enemies 3, enemy 2, foes 1, hateful 1, misc 3; 146 1) to hate, be hateful    1a) (Qal) to hate          1a1) of man          1a2) of God          1a3) hater, one hating, enemy (participle) (subst) 1b) (Niphal) to be hated    1c) (Piel) hater (participle)  1c1) of persons, nations, God, wisdom
:  01215 ^עצב^ betsa‘ \@beh’- tsah\@ from 01214; n m;  AV-covetousness 10, gain 9, profit 3, lucre 1; 23 1) profit, unjust gain, gain (profit) acquired by violence</Ref>
:  01215 ^עצב^ betsa‘ \@beh’- tsah\@ from 01214; n m;  AV-covetousness 10, gain 9, profit 3, lucre 1; 23 1) profit, unjust gain, gain (profit) acquired by violence</Ref>
Thhey were also men of truth<Ref> 0571 ^תמא^ ‘emeth \@eh’- meth\@ contracted from 0539; AV-truth 92, true 18, truly 7, right 3, faithfully 2, assured 1,      assuredly 1, establishment 1, faithful 1, sure 1, verity 1; 127 n f 1) firmness, faithfulness, truth    1a) sureness, reliability    1b) stability, continuance    1c) faithfulness, reliableness    1d) truth          1d1) as spoken          1d2) of testimony and judgment          1d3) of divine instruction          1d4) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge          1d5) true doctrine adv 2) in truth, truly</Ref>
 
Those "rulers" were called "sar"<Ref> 08269 ^רשׂ^ sar \@sar\@ from 08323; n m; AV-prince 208, captain 130, chief 33, ruler 33, governor 6, keeper 3,
      principal 2, general 1, lords 1, misc 4; 421 1) prince, ruler, leader, chief, chieftain, official, captain    1a) chieftain, leader    1b) vassal, noble, official (under king)    1c) captain, general, commander (military)    1d) chief, head, overseer (of other official classes)    1e) heads, princes (of religious office)    1f) elders (of representative leaders of people)    1g) merchant-princes (of rank and dignity)
    1h) patron-angel    1i) Ruler of rulers (of God)    1j) warden</Ref> in the Hebrew which is the letters Shem and Reish. It is from the verb ShemReishReish<Ref> 08323 ^ררשׂ^ sarar \@saw-rar’\@ a primitive root; v;  AV-rule 3, make prince 1, altogether 1; 5  1) to be or act as prince, rule, contend, have power, prevail over,    reign, govern    1a) (Qal) to rule over, govern    1b) (Hithpael) to lord it over</Ref>
 
It is not the word ''mashal'' <Ref> 04910 ^לשׁמ^ mashal \@maw-shal’\@ a primitive root; v;  AV-rule 38, ruler 19, reign 8, dominion 7, governor 4, ruled over 2,      power 2, indeed 1; 81 1) to rule, have dominion, reign  1a) (Qal) to rule, have dominion    1b) (Hiphil)          1b1) to cause to rule        1b2) to exercise dominion</Ref> which is from the letters MemShemLamed and is also translated "rule" and "ruler" and associated with ''dominion''<Ref>Nehemiah 9:37 And it yieldeth much increase unto the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins: also they have dominion [mashal ] over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure, and we [are] in great distress.
: Job 25:2 Dominion [mashal ] and fear [are] with him, he maketh peace in his high places.
: Psalms 8:6  Thou madest him to have dominion <04910> over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet:
: Psalms 19:13  Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion <04910> over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression.
</Ref> and the power of a "Pharaoh" and "Egypt".<Ref>Genesis 45:8 So now [it was] not you [that] sent me hither, but God: and he hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt.</Ref>
 
Another word for "ruler" is nasiy’ <Ref>05387 ^אישׂנ^ nasiy’ \@naw-see’\@ or    ^אשׂנ^ nasi’ \@naw-see’\@ from 05375; n m;  AV-prince 96, captain 12, chief 10, ruler 6, vapours 3, governor 1,  chief + 05387 1, clouds 1, part 1, prince + 05387 1; 132  1) one lifted up, chief, prince, captain, leader 2) rising mist, vapour</Ref> which is the letters NunShemAlef. It appears in Exodus 34:31 in refference to the "rulers of the congregation".<Ref>Exodus 34:31 And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them.</Ref>
 
 
 
 
 
They were also men of truth<Ref> 0571 ^תמא^ ‘emeth \@eh’- meth\@ contracted from 0539; AV-truth 92, true 18, truly 7, right 3, faithfully 2, assured 1,      assuredly 1, establishment 1, faithful 1, sure 1, verity 1; 127 n f 1) firmness, faithfulness, truth    1a) sureness, reliability    1b) stability, continuance    1c) faithfulness, reliableness    1d) truth          1d1) as spoken          1d2) of testimony and judgment          1d3) of divine instruction          1d4) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge          1d5) true doctrine adv 2) in truth, truly</Ref>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exodus 18:25 And Moses chose<Ref> 0977 ^רחב^ bachar \@baw-khar’\@ a primitive root; v;  AV-choose 77, chosen 77, choice 6, choose … out 5, acceptable 1,      appoint 1, excellent 1, chosen men 1, rather 1, require 1, not    translated; 172 1) to choose, elect, decide for    1a) (Qal) to choose    1b) (Niphal) to be chosen    1c) (Pual) to be chosen, selected</Ref> able men out of all Israel, and made them heads<Ref> 07218 ^שׁאר^ ro’sh \@roshe\@ from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; n m;  AV-head 349, chief 91, top 73, beginning 14, company 12, captain 10,      sum 9, first 6, principal 5, chapiters 4, rulers 2, misc 23; 598  1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front,    beginning    1a) head (of man, animals)    1b) top, tip (of mountain)    1c) height (of stars)    1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, riest)    1e) head, front, beginning    1f) chief, choicest, best    1g) head, division, company, band    1h) sum</Ref> over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.
Exodus 18:25 And Moses chose<Ref> 0977 ^רחב^ bachar \@baw-khar’\@ a primitive root; v;  AV-choose 77, chosen 77, choice 6, choose … out 5, acceptable 1,      appoint 1, excellent 1, chosen men 1, rather 1, require 1, not    translated; 172 1) to choose, elect, decide for    1a) (Qal) to choose    1b) (Niphal) to be chosen    1c) (Pual) to be chosen, selected</Ref> able men out of all Israel, and made them heads<Ref> 07218 ^שׁאר^ ro’sh \@roshe\@ from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; n m;  AV-head 349, chief 91, top 73, beginning 14, company 12, captain 10,      sum 9, first 6, principal 5, chapiters 4, rulers 2, misc 23; 598  1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front,    beginning    1a) head (of man, animals)    1b) top, tip (of mountain)    1c) height (of stars)    1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, riest)    1e) head, front, beginning    1f) chief, choicest, best    1g) head, division, company, band    1h) sum</Ref> over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.


Revision as of 22:07, 7 July 2015

Congregations of record could also be called congregations of testimony or congregation by witness.

"Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place [such] over them, [to be] rulers of thousands, [and] rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens:" Exodus 18:21

Early Israel was a network of congregations bound only by a common purpose which did not allow people to take from others because their "rulers" "hated covetousness".[1]

Those "rulers" were called "sar"[2] in the Hebrew which is the letters Shem and Reish. It is from the verb ShemReishReish[3]

It is not the word mashal [4] which is from the letters MemShemLamed and is also translated "rule" and "ruler" and associated with dominion[5] and the power of a "Pharaoh" and "Egypt".[6]

Another word for "ruler" is nasiy’ [7] which is the letters NunShemAlef. It appears in Exodus 34:31 in refference to the "rulers of the congregation".[8]




They were also men of truth[9]




Exodus 18:25 And Moses chose[10] able men out of all Israel, and made them heads[11] over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.


Deuteronomy 1:15 So I took the chief of your tribes, wise men, and known, and made them heads over you, captains over thousands, and captains over hundreds, and captains over fifties, and captains over tens, and officers among your tribes.



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== Footnotes ==

  1. ↑ 08130 ^אנשׂ^ sane’ \@saw-nay’\@ a primitive root; v; AV-hate 136, enemies 3, enemy 2, foes 1, hateful 1, misc 3; 146 1) to hate, be hateful 1a) (Qal) to hate 1a1) of man 1a2) of God 1a3) hater, one hating, enemy (participle) (subst) 1b) (Niphal) to be hated 1c) (Piel) hater (participle) 1c1) of persons, nations, God, wisdom
    01215 ^עצב^ betsa‘ \@beh’- tsah\@ from 01214; n m; AV-covetousness 10, gain 9, profit 3, lucre 1; 23 1) profit, unjust gain, gain (profit) acquired by violence
  2. ↑ 08269 ^רשׂ^ sar \@sar\@ from 08323; n m; AV-prince 208, captain 130, chief 33, ruler 33, governor 6, keeper 3, principal 2, general 1, lords 1, misc 4; 421 1) prince, ruler, leader, chief, chieftain, official, captain 1a) chieftain, leader 1b) vassal, noble, official (under king) 1c) captain, general, commander (military) 1d) chief, head, overseer (of other official classes) 1e) heads, princes (of religious office) 1f) elders (of representative leaders of people) 1g) merchant-princes (of rank and dignity) 1h) patron-angel 1i) Ruler of rulers (of God) 1j) warden
  3. ↑ 08323 ^ררשׂ^ sarar \@saw-rar’\@ a primitive root; v; AV-rule 3, make prince 1, altogether 1; 5 1) to be or act as prince, rule, contend, have power, prevail over, reign, govern 1a) (Qal) to rule over, govern 1b) (Hithpael) to lord it over
  4. ↑ 04910 ^לשׁמ^ mashal \@maw-shal’\@ a primitive root; v; AV-rule 38, ruler 19, reign 8, dominion 7, governor 4, ruled over 2, power 2, indeed 1; 81 1) to rule, have dominion, reign 1a) (Qal) to rule, have dominion 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to cause to rule 1b2) to exercise dominion
  5. ↑ Nehemiah 9:37 And it yieldeth much increase unto the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins: also they have dominion [mashal ] over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure, and we [are] in great distress.
    Job 25:2 Dominion [mashal ] and fear [are] with him, he maketh peace in his high places.
    Psalms 8:6 Thou madest him to have dominion <04910> over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet:
    Psalms 19:13 Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion <04910> over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression.
  6. ↑ Genesis 45:8 So now [it was] not you [that] sent me hither, but God: and he hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt.
  7. ↑ 05387 ^אישׂנ^ nasiy’ \@naw-see’\@ or ^אשׂנ^ nasi’ \@naw-see’\@ from 05375; n m; AV-prince 96, captain 12, chief 10, ruler 6, vapours 3, governor 1, chief + 05387 1, clouds 1, part 1, prince + 05387 1; 132 1) one lifted up, chief, prince, captain, leader 2) rising mist, vapour
  8. ↑ Exodus 34:31 And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them.
  9. ↑ 0571 ^תמא^ ‘emeth \@eh’- meth\@ contracted from 0539; AV-truth 92, true 18, truly 7, right 3, faithfully 2, assured 1, assuredly 1, establishment 1, faithful 1, sure 1, verity 1; 127 n f 1) firmness, faithfulness, truth 1a) sureness, reliability 1b) stability, continuance 1c) faithfulness, reliableness 1d) truth 1d1) as spoken 1d2) of testimony and judgment 1d3) of divine instruction 1d4) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge 1d5) true doctrine adv 2) in truth, truly
  10. ↑ 0977 ^רחב^ bachar \@baw-khar’\@ a primitive root; v; AV-choose 77, chosen 77, choice 6, choose … out 5, acceptable 1, appoint 1, excellent 1, chosen men 1, rather 1, require 1, not translated; 172 1) to choose, elect, decide for 1a) (Qal) to choose 1b) (Niphal) to be chosen 1c) (Pual) to be chosen, selected
  11. ↑ 07218 ^שׁאר^ ro’sh \@roshe\@ from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; n m; AV-head 349, chief 91, top 73, beginning 14, company 12, captain 10, sum 9, first 6, principal 5, chapiters 4, rulers 2, misc 23; 598 1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning 1a) head (of man, animals) 1b) top, tip (of mountain) 1c) height (of stars) 1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, riest) 1e) head, front, beginning 1f) chief, choicest, best 1g) head, division, company, band 1h) sum


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