View source for Urim and Thummim


== Urim and Thummim ==

[[Image:altarritual.jpg|link=Altars|250px|right|thumb|Unmooring the [[altars]], [[priests]] and the [[Levites]] from their ''purpose and function in a free society'' is first the product of [[vanity]] and coupled with the institution of [[legal charity]] will lead the [[masses]] to [[idolatry]]<Ref name="Isidolatry">{{Isidolatry}}</Ref> and a departure from the [[social virtues]] which create the [[social bonds]] required for liberty under God. A nation of priests and kings is where the people are not [[slothful]] in their responsibility to [[charity|give]] and [[forgive]] in the [[care]] of their neighbor through a [[social safety net]] of [[charity]] and the attention to the [[weightier matters]].<Br> 
: As ministers of a nation who do not [[exercise authority]] one over the other may be considered [[naked]]. Therefore they may need the people to sew them "'''[[Breeches]]'''" and what are the [[cloths of service]] described in [[Exodus 28]] and [[Exodus 29]] based on the intent of [[Moses]] in the scriptures to set the [[captive]] free?]]

In the Hebrew Bible, the Urim (אוּרִים‎  "lights")<Ref name="Uwriym">{{0224}}</Ref> and the Thummim (תֻּמִּים‎  "perfections")<Ref name="Tummiym">{{08550}}</Ref> are said to be a part of the breastplates of the Highpriest and attached to the ephod which was said to be ''a type of apron'' worn by the Jewish high priest. They are also supposedly connected with divination by casting lots, yet many scholars suspect that the phrase refers to a set of two objects used by the high priest to answer a question or reveal the [[will of God]]. Joseph Smith claimed he translated the Book of Abraham from Egyptian Papyri which supposedly says the prophet Abraham used a Urim and Thummim given to him in the city Ur to receive revelations from God.

There may have been actual objects called the [[Urim and Thummim]] but the constant unmooring of meaning and placing that meaning into objects has been evidence of the spirit of [[idolatry]] that has been pervasive amongst the [[covetous]] who do not desire or are unable to see spiritual things. Without sacrifice which includes charity, forgiveness and humility there will be no light and much darkness of the mind and heart.

The  [[Meditation#Phylactery_or_Tefillin|Phylactery or Tefillin]] that is used still today
The so-called phylacteries<Ref name="phulakterion">{{5440}}</Ref>   or Tefillin<Ref name="tëphillah">{{08605}}</Ref> are seen in the Hebrew<Ref>[[Deuteronomy 6]]:8(4-9), [[Deuteronomy 11]]:18(13-21) and [[Exodus 13]]:9(1-10), [[Exodus 11]], [[Exodus 16]].</Ref> and Greek<Ref>[[Matthew 23]]:5  But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make broad their phylacteries <5440>, and enlarge the borders of their garments,</Ref> texts. They have become a box placed on the forehead with a leather thong that is wrapped around the arm down to the hand. It often contains a scripture written on something. It has become a part of the rituals and ceremonies that may distract from real meditation and prayer.

This Tefillin was said to be a [[meditation]] tool to aid in relationships... according to Rabbi Goldie Milgram.
[[File:Pharisees.jpg|right|350px|thumb|The [[pharisees]] were the ones who "say they are Jews, and are not, but are the [[synagogue]] of [[Satan]]" and Jesus called them vipers and hypocrites. The [[Pharisees]] unmoored the meaning of the [[metaphor]]s of scripture into madness. Jesus warned us about their [[leaven]].<Ref name="leavenp">{{leavenp}}</Ref> He was very critical of them, their view of [[religion]], their [[Corban]], their [[covetous practices]], their hypocrisy because they praised God with their lips but did not do what He said.<Br> Some say they are [[Modern Christians|Christians]] today but are they too [[workers of iniquity]]?<Br>God hates the deeds of the [[Nicolaitan]] which is also the error of [[Balaam]].]]
The Urim<Ref name="Uwriym">{{0224}}</Ref> and Thummim may be <Ref name="Tummiym">{{08550}}</Ref> first appear in [[Exodus 28]]:30, where they are named for inclusion on the breastplate to be worn by Aaron in the holy place. Other books, especially 1 Samuel, describe their uses.

Name and meaning Urim (אוּרִים‎) traditionally has been taken to derive from a root meaning ''lights''. The [[Urim and Thummim]] has traditionally been translated as "lights and perfections".  If we take the phrase [[allegory|allegorically]], as meaning "revelation and truth", or "doctrine and truth".

William Muss-Arnolt, an Assyriologist, who taught at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago, wrote his Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language.  He connected the singular forms of ''ur'' and ''tumm'' with the Babylonian terms ''ūrtu'' and ''tamītu'', meaning "oracle" and "command". According to his theory the Hebrew words use a pluralis intensivus to enhance their apparent majesty, not to indicate the presence of more than one.

Marduk is [[Sumer]]ian for "solar calf" and was the Chief God of Babylon. His temple was a ziggurat described by Herodotus, and has been considered the model for the biblical Tower of Babel. Marduk  has been pictured wearing a similar vest on his breast according to Babylonian religion. Yahweh is the only and supreme god of Israelites, and Marduk was the GOD of GODs of Babylon. While the practice of rituals and ceremonies may over lap the means and manner of their governments were different. 


== Appearances ==

[[Exodus 28]]:30  And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim <0224> and the Thummim <08550>; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.

[[Exodus 28]]:30  And thou shalt put <05414><Ref name="bind">{{05414}}</Ref> in the breastplate <02833><Ref name="haḥōšen">{{02833}}</Ref> of judgment <04941><Ref name="judgment">{{04941}}</Ref> the Urim <0224> and the Thummim <08550>; and they shall be upon Aaron’s <0175> heart <03820><Ref name="heart">{{03820}}</Ref>, when he goeth <0935> in before <06440> the LORD <03068>: and Aaron <0175> shall bear <05375><Ref name="bear">{{05375}}</Ref> the judgment <04941><Ref name="">{{}}</Ref> of the children <01121><Ref name="">{{}}</Ref> of Israel <03478> upon his heart <03820><Ref name="heart">{{03820}}</Ref> before <06440> the LORD <03068><Ref name="">{{}}</Ref> continually <08548>.<Ref name="">{{}}</Ref>



[[Exodus 28]]:28  And thou shalt put<07405><Ref name="put">{{07405}}</Ref> in the breastplate<Ref name="haḥōšen">{{02833}}</Ref> of judgment the Urim <0224><Ref name="Uwriym">{{0224}}</Ref> and the Thummim <08550>; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.



וְיִרְכְּס֣וּ אֶת־הַ֠חֹשֶׁן [מִטַּבְּעֹתֹו כ] (מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָ֞יו ק) אֶל־טַבְּעֹ֤ת הָאֵפֹד֙ בִּפְתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֔לֶת לִֽהְיֹ֖ות עַל־חֵ֣שֶׁב הָאֵפֹ֑וד וְלֹֽא־יִזַּ֣ח הַחֹ֔שֶׁן מֵעַ֖ל הָאֵפֹֽוד


7405 [e]	וְיִרְכְּס֣וּ
wə-yir-kə-sū	And they shall bind	Conj-w | V-Qal-ConjImperf-3mp
853 [e]	אֶת־
’eṯ-	-	DirObjM
2833 [e]	הַ֠חֹשֶׁן
ha-ḥō-šen	the breastplate	Art | N-ms
 	[מטבעתו]
[miṭ-ṭab-bə-‘ō-ṯōw	by	Preposition-m :: Noun - feminine singular construct :: third person masculine singular Prep-m | N-fsc | 3ms
 	
ḵ]		 
2885 [e]	(מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָ֞יו)
(miṭ-ṭab-bə-‘ō-ṯāw	means of its rings	Prep-m | N-fpc | 3ms
 	
q)		 
413 [e]	אֶל־
’el-	to	Prep
2885 [e]	טַבְּעֹ֤ת
ṭab-bə-‘ōṯ	the rings	N-fpc
646 [e]	הָאֵפֹד֙
hā-’ê-p̄ōḏ	of the ephod	Art | N-ms
6616 [e]	בִּפְתִ֣יל
bip̄-ṯîl	using a cord	Prep-b | N-msc
8504 [e]	תְּכֵ֔לֶת
tə-ḵê-leṯ,	blue	N-fs
1961 [e]	לִֽהְי֖וֹת
lih-yō-wṯ	so that it is	Prep-l | V-Qal-Inf
5921 [e]	עַל־
‘al-	above	Prep
2805 [e]	חֵ֣שֶׁב
ḥê-šeḇ	the intricately woven band	N-msc
646 [e]	הָאֵפ֑וֹד
hā-’ê-p̄ō-wḏ;	of the ephod	Art | N-ms
3808 [e]	וְלֹֽא־
wə-lō-	so that not	Conj-w | Adv-NegPrt
2118 [e]	יִזַּ֣ח
yiz-zaḥ	does come loose	V-Nifal-Imperf-3ms
2833 [e]	הַחֹ֔שֶׁן
ha-ḥō-šen,	the breastplate	Art | N-ms
5921 [e]	מֵעַ֖ל
mê-‘al	from	Prep-m
646 [e]	הָאֵפֽוֹד׃
hā-’ê-p̄ō-wḏ.	the ephod	Art | N-ms

Leviticus 8:8  And he put the breastplate upon him: also he put in the breastplate the Urim <0224> and the Thummim <08550>.

Deuteronomy 33:8  And of Levi he said, [Let] thy Thummim <08550> and thy Urim <0224> [be] with thy holy one, whom thou didst prove at Massah, [and with] whom thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;

Ezra 2:63  And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim <0224> and with Thummim <08550>.
Nehemiah 7:65  And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood [up] a priest with Urim <0224> and Thummim <08550>.