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[[Image:Tabularium.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Tabularium was the official records office in the complex of [[Temples]] used in the [[daily ministration]] of the [[welfare]] system of [[Rome]].]]
{{civil religion}}
 
What would be the difference between [[private religion]] and [[public religion]]?
 
''"Public"'' may be defined as "of or concerning the people as a whole" but it really means "of or concerning the people as a group" like a nation under a government or an authority.
 
[[Religion]] was not originally about [[theology]] or even "Natural Theology".
The meaning of the word [[Religion]] has changed over the centuries. [[Theology]] is a ''study'' while [[religion]] was originally a ''performance of a duty''.
 
The [[Bible]] mentions religion more often in a bad sense and only speaks of it in a good sense when it mentions [[Pure Religion]]. Since the term "[[religion]]" has shifted from meaning ''a performance of a duty'' to an ''opinion about God'' it is not only good to couple a modifier word to determine what kind of religion you are talking about but it is often essential to maintaining an understanding the topic like [[public religion]].
 
: "Romans... distinguished between public and [[Private welfare|private religion]]. When the distinction between public and private religion is applied to the Roman emperors, it becomes clear that many of them pursued personal religious interests in addition to their public religious role." <Ref>[http://gradworks.umi.com/33/12/3312490.html Circa deos ac religiones: Religion and the Roman emperor from Augustus to Constantine
by Polk, Matthew Robert, Ph.D., HARVARD UNIVERSITY, 2008, 412 pages; 3312490]</Ref>
 
The Latin term ''religare'' meaning “to tie, to bind.” Since the performance of religious duties bound the people of society together through a process of service and kindness producing a spirit of brotherhood and community the practices of [[public religion]] often had  to do with securing loyalty and even allegiance to those who sat in the place of authority over the public religion.
 
Understanding that [[Religion]] practiced as a duty to provide welfare for your fellow man divides [[Public religion]] and [[Private welfare|private religion]] into welfare by the [[exercises authority|exercise of authority]] by the state and the [[charitable practices]] of the people through voluntarism.
 
[[Public religion]] can refer to both a ''civic faith'' within a government control and to ''public'' expressions of that faith in cultures. ''Public religion'', if we use the definition of [[Religion]] meaning ''how we care for the needy of society'', is the same as ''public welfare''.  The [[early Christian]] Church was often persecuted because at that time [[Pure Religion]] was actually [[private religion]] or [[Private welfare]]. In fact the outlawing of [[Private welfare]] by [[Rome]] was at the center of the [[Christian conflict]] with the [[Benefactors]] of [[Rome]]. Christians were in the [[World]] of Rome but not of the [[World]] of [[Rome]].
 
They did not apply for the [[Bread and circuses|Free Bread]] of Rome nor were they members of the [[Imperial Cult of Rome]] because they knew that was a [[Covetous Practices|Covetous practice]] that would make them [[Merchandise]], a [[surety]] for the debt of the [[Roots of the Welfare State|welfare State]] of Rome and would [[Curse children|curse their children]] with that debt.
 
[[Public religion]] is also related to ''Civil religion'' which is a concept that originated in French political thought and became a major topic for American sociologists in the 1950s.
 
'''Civil religion''' means the ''implicit'' religious values of a nation, as expressed through public rituals, symbols (such as the national flag) and ceremonies on sacred days and at sacred places (such as monuments, battlefields or national cemeteries). It stands outside the churches, although church officials and ceremonies are sometimes incorporated into the practice of civil religion.
 
The phrase "civil religion" as discussed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his 1762 treatise ''The [[Social Contract]]'' was defined as a group of universal religious beliefs. He believed governments had a responsibility to uphold and maintain the right of the individual belief in a deity, that virtue is rewarded and vice punished and belief in ''religious tolerance''. Rousseau affirmed that individuals' religious opinions should be beyond the reach of governments.
 
[[File:breadandcircuses.jpg|right|250px|thumb|The free "[[Bread and circuses]]"  or ''panem et circenses'' of the [[Imperial Cult of Rome|Roman Empire]] was a part of the [[Public religion]] of the state which [[Christian conflict|conflicted]] with the teachings of [[Christ]].]]
 
: '''“[[Socialism]] is the [[Religion|religion]] people get when they lose their [[Pure Religion|religion]]”'''<Ref>Richard John Neuhaus, 1936 – 2009, prominent American clergyman.  </Ref>
 
To define ''[[Public religion]]'' it is important to define the term [[Religion]] because it changes from time to time in the history and mind of society. Religion may be defined as ''what you think about a God or [[gods]]'' but at other times religion is defined as ''your duty to your God and your fellowman''. When personal conscience is dictating that duty we call that  ''private religion'' but when the government dictates that ''duty'' we are talking about ''[[Public religion]]''.
 
Where there is ''religious freedom'' the practice of religion and the performance of those duties to both God and your fellowman remain available as a ''private affair'' rather than a ''public affair'' and therefore would  not subject to ''public policy'' unless ''private religious practice'' obstructs the free practice of religion by others.
[[File:Polybiusq.jpg|right|300px|thumb|[[Polybius]] saw the downfall of the [[republic]] a 150 years before the first [[Emperator|Emperor]] of [[Rome]] and 175 years before the birth of [[Jesus]] [[Christ]] and [[John the Baptist]] warning the people their "[[appetite]] for [[benefits]] and the habit of receiving them by way of a rule of force and violence" have "grown accustomed to feed at the expense of others and to depend for their livelihood on the property of others... institute the rule of violence...<Ref>[[Matthew 11]]:12 And from the days of [[John the Baptist]] until now the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force. </Ref> and now uniting their forces massacre, banish, and plunder,<Ref>[[Luke 16]]:16 The law and the prophets [were] until John: since that time the kingdom of God is preached, and every man presseth into it.</Ref> until they degenerate again into perfect savages and find once more a master and monarch." <Ref>[[Polybius]]:  The Histories (composed at [[Rome]] around 130 BC) Fragments of Book VI, p289. </Ref> ]]
 
Public affairs may included more than the original duties of government which are often limited to [[constitution]]s of the people who create them. The  [[CCC|Constitution of United States]] limited the power of government from meddling in the free practice of [[Religion|religion]] as defined at the time of that [[Constitution]]'s acceptance and implementation.
 
Public affairs may also include social benefits and the collection of the funds to provide those benefits. [[Rome]] moved from private religion funded by charity which took care of the needy to [[Public religion]] funded by taxes. The Romans used the same names and [[temples]] but altered the method of contribution and distribution. That meant records of members and who has paid in and what is paid out.
 
Members received ''entitlements'' in the form of "gifts, gratuities and benefits"<Ref>'''“The real destroyers of the liberties of the people is he who spreads among them bounties, donations, and benefits.”''' [[Plutarch]]</Ref> but also had a civic obligation of support the system imposed by law. Under the [[Public religion]] of Rome Augustus became the ''pontifex maximus'' (chief priest). From that point on the Emperor of Rome provided the social welfare run through the state system of temples in a form of Public religion, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_cult_%28ancient_Rome%29 The Imperial cult of ancient Rome].
 
This practice increased the power of the state and the dependence of the people. Social welfare was managed through their [[Temples|temples]] like Ephesus, Temple of Saturn and the Parthenon. Saturn was the god of agriculture which housed the records needed by the  government and beneficiaries of its systems of welfare including birth certificate.
 
[[Image:Archives.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The modern Tabularium, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)at the Capitol in Washington, D.C. entry is by way of Constitution Ave.]]
 
The first building for maintaining public records in Rome, including the law,
was erected under the protection of the temple of Saturn, as early as 509 B.C. but was possibly burned by the Gauls in 309 B.C. Other buildings were used until 78 B.C. when they built the great Tabularium, on Capitoline Hill, below the [[Temples|Temple]] of Jupiter, which was the symbol of the sovereignty and power of [[Rome]].
 
Civic faith includes an aspect of civic allegiance and depends upon [[Civil law]] to impose both. It includes both a civic duty and benefit. Private religion
 
The 2nd century A.D.  text 'De Significatione Verborum' of Sextus Pompeius Festusgives distinguishes public and private religion. The former is carried out at public expense either on behalf of the populus as a whole or individual members of the populus who met certain criteria. Private individuals could contribute to the  temples and festivals which at one time depended entirely upon donation by the people for the people.
 
The latter called ''private religion'' was almost always on the behalf of individuals, ''familiae'' and ''gentes''. These Family groups gathered in a network of hearths in early Rome and were served by chosen individuals who connected these groups from a grass roots union of voluntary loyalty and honor in [[charity]] to their fellow man.
 
Later this practice of private religion through free will sharing according to what the individual believed that the gods or God wanted them to do began to become more controlled. First certain groups like collegiae, guilds and sodalities provided for their own but then temples became more enterprising and collective. Eventually with the centralization of power in government, first in the Senate and then in an Emperor and Principas Civitas, private religion became less essential in forming the bonds of society and Public religion through the civil authorities and registration of citizens began to dominate public services altering the very nature of society.
 
 
Civic faith more recently was expressed by men like Benjamin Franklin who in 1749 proposed  an educational academy in Philadelphia. He believed that the study of history would "afford frequent Opportunities of showing the Necessity of a Publick Religion ," arguing "from its Usefulness to the Publick; the Advantages of a Religious Character among private Persons." But undoubtedly Ben was including the moral charcter required in the performance of religion and that it should be incorporated in public affairs.
 
[[Religion]] was at that time chiefly the performance of your duty to God and your fellowman and not merely your opinion of who God is.
 
''Civil Religion'' is mentioned in the ''[[Social Contract]]''<Ref>Social Contract, chapter 8, book 4</Ref> by Jean-Jacques Rousseau who switched from protestant to Catholic and back again depending on which women he was in love with at the time. He suggested that a Christian [[Republic]] was paradoxical imagining that Christianity taught submission. He knew that it did not promote participation in [[public religion]].
 
In Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, he praised “the union and discipline of the Christian republic.” He also pointed out that “it gradually formed an independent and increasing state in the heart of the Roman Empire.”Rousseau and Revolution, Will et Ariel Durant p.801. fn 83 Heiseler, 85.
 
The bloody conflict between the religions (in the sense of an opinion about God) of the fifteenth through the seventeenth century focused the attention and imagination of men on the ideology of religion and opinions about God leaving off the weightier matter of the performance of your duty to your fellowman with righteous intent. The idea of a theocracy still strikes fear in the hearts of men. 
 
These conflicts were the result of the people giving to much power and wealth to their clerics and the encroachment of superstitions rather than duty as the primary focus of religion.
 
Émile Durkheim<Ref>Commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science and father of sociology</Ref>, a collaborator with  Karl Marx and Max Weber, redefined religion again:
: "A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, i.e., things set apart and forbidden--beliefs and practices which unite in one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them." <Ref>The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, Book 1, Ch. 1. Émile Durkheim</Ref>
 
His ideas struck many as representing a kind of "top-down" governmental development and control of religion and making the State the god of religion as we see him avoiding the supernatural or even God all together in his definition.
 
Of course Émile, as a sociologist,  was in his head a lot  about things like religion imagining that they were what you ''think'' rather than your ''performance of a duty''. He was not only a French sociologist, social psychologist and philosopher but is considered to be the architect of modern social science and father of sociology and friendly with the ideologies of  Karl Marx and Max Weber.
 
{{#ev:youtube|/NJY6P7t-yD0|300|right|Private Sector vs. Public Sector. Time 2:10}}
 
One of the biggest problems with [[public religion]] is because it is also a [[snare]] that entangles people in the [[elements]] of the [[world]].
 
While there is always an element of what you think in religion being a [[Doer|doer]] of the word  is clearly the emphasis of Christ and his followers until this modern era. This is not to say that doing was the matter of a tally sheet of good deeds that earned you the blessings of God but that your private faith compelled your actions to seek righteous deeds at every turn and opportunity.
[[File:Jesusfeeds.jpg|right|250px|thumb|John the [[Baptism|Baptist]]  and [[Jesus]] and the early [[Church]] advocated a [[Daily ministration]] that was dependent on [[Charity]] only and it was not like the system of [[Corban]] of the [[Pharisees]] and [[Rome]]. There are different [[Welfare types]] in the [[world]]. One is [[socialist]] with [[covetous practices]], "[[Public religion|public]]" and the other, "[[Private welfare|private]]" based on the [[Perfect law of liberty]].]]
 
The [[early Christian]] ''[[ekklesia]]'' or ''[[called out]]'' Church was a republic that was recognized by Rome through the proclamation nailed to the cross by order of the Proconsul of [[Rome]], [[Pontius Pilate]]. When Jesus rose from the dead to stand again upon the earth, so did His Kingdom. His kingdom now lives in the hearts of those who follow [[The Way|His way]].
 
Men like John Wilson of Princeton see "public religion" as an alternate form to the weaker "civil religion" but were both top down. Benjamin Franklin's view of ''public religion'' was "from-the-bottom-up" having been heavily influenced by the rugged individualism of the frontier and the natural distaste for ''exercising authority'' that comes with a practice of personal responsibility which we see with men like [[David Crocket]] and Mr. Bunce.
 
Benjamin Franklin and many other ''founders'' who were not always moral in their own lives were simply advocating a need for private morality and virtue knowing full well that without them the U.S. Constitution would be ineffective for republican life it was to protect. They knew that despite the denominational and  sectarian form their religious philosophies and eschatology took that there was common good and moral character to their teachings. But more important was their  endeavor to aid one another in charitable service performed religion by voluntary acts of citizens rather than the top down authority of civil controls seen in the [[public religion]] or [[welfare]] of [[Rome]] which led to its decline and fall.
 
: '''"This essay conceptualizes the War on Poverty as a period during which public religious capacities were incorporated into the institutional apparatus of the national welfare state. Such incorporation largely served the political needs of the welfare state itself, as it needed not only to execute but also to justify social policy to a variety of publics, including black political movements. Welfare state expansion during this period occasioned the setting of a practical boundary between public and private religion.'''"<Ref>
[http://chicago.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7208/chicago/9780226277813.001.0001/upso-9780226277646-chapter-9The Rise of the Public Religious Welfare State]: Black Religion and the Negotiation of Church/State Boundaries during the War on Poverty
Omar M. McRoberts</Ref>
 
{{#ev:youtube|0Xg4Uq1W4L8|300|right|Why Private Investment Works & Govt. Investment Doesn't. From transportation to energy, and everything in between, should the government invest money in as many promising projects as possible? Or would that actually doom many of those ventures to failure? Time 5:53}}
 
 
'''Private religion'''
* First, has the aspect of the performance of duty to man according to a righteous spirit of the divine dwelling of God within  the individual and only relies of government to assist in protecting that right from intrusion, and
* Secondly, refers to expressions of religious faith by that behavior generated by private individuals through free assemblies within communities.
 
There is almost always a voluntary sector having direct bearings on public order, union and discipline.
 
The [[Church]], as ''[[Church legally defined|one form of government]]'', provides public service as [[Benefactors]] of [[public religion]]  without exercising authority over the people while both political and civil practices of religion involve compelled offerings directed by the states and extracted from the people from the top down.
 
As such, the terms Public or Civil religion serves to refer to one side while Private religion through the Church or other charitable institutions form the familiar private-public dichotomy.
 
[[Public religion]] centralizes power in the hands of the state an debilitates the fibrous nature of a virtuous society. [[Welfare]] should be privatized in order to tke care of the needy in a way that will strengthen society and make the best use of its resources. That is what [[Constantine]] was doing when he turned the temples of [[Rome]] over to private management like the Christians. But he failed to implement all the moral codes that comes along with [[Christ]] and the prophets.
 


See [[Christians_conflict#Public_and_Private_Religion]]
See [[Christians_conflict#Public_and_Private_Religion]]

Revision as of 07:46, 11 August 2017

What was the function of the temples built by the government of ancient Rome? Is it the same as government buildings today? The Tabularium was the official records office in the complex of Temples used to keep the public records in the maintenance of the welfare system of Rome through legal charity which provided free bread and other provisions to the people who were "members" of society.
Following Christ and The Way is about seeking the kingdom of God and His Righteousness instead of the "dainties" of unrighteousness provided by the "benefactors" of the "world" and the "fathers of the earth" who "exercise authority on over the other" through the "covetous practices" of "public religion" which "curse children".
Socialism is the religion you get when you do not practice pure Religion.
Modern Christians may claim to live by faith, hope, and charity but they actually live by force, fear, and fealty because they depend on public religion instead of The pure Religion of the early Church.
Almost every city state had systems of social welfare to provide for the needy of their society. You were a citizen when you registered at a government temples and accepted the rulers of that State as your "civil Father". Offerings, your "sacrifices" were mandatory once you signed up. This was public religion.
Christ built a temple made of "living stones" that provide for the needy through charity alone because his appointed ministers were forbidden to "exercise authority" like the Pharisees, Herod, and the governments of the Gentiles because those systems make the word of God to no effect. If modern Christians come out of the modern institutional Church but continue to go to men who call themselves "benefactors" but "exercise authority" through their civil "welfare State" they are not following The Way of Christ nor practicing "Pure Religion".


Public religion

Civil religion, Civic religion, and Public religion are convertible phrases that can describe governmental ideology that occurs when a process of conversion takes place in societies or among its members where faith is converted to allegiance through a social contract or by consent.

This often or eventually includes a process whereby the pious and fervent charity of pure religion is supplanted by the legal charity of the State through men who call themselves benefactors but only provide social welfare by exercising authority one over the other.[1]

The masses need to take into consideration the consequences of eating the dainties served at the tables of public religion by those benefactors who force the contributions of your neighbor by the institution of force and violence rather than love and charity.

Such covetous practices were always in opposition to the way of God and Jesus and anyone who follows such pernicious ways[2] and false religion are not true Christians but under a strong delusion.

Civil religion

The "... sociologist Robert Bellah[3] argued that the United States had "an elaborate and well-instituted civil religion," which existed "alongside of" and was "rather clearly differentiated from the churches."

This civil religion is "also known as civic piety, religious nationalism, public religion, and the common faith". Civil religion "provides a religious sanction for the political order and a divine justification of and support for civic society and a nation's practices."[4] also called civil religion,[5] is not that different than the public religion of ancient Rome.

Civil religion is a concept that originated in French political thought and became a major topic for American sociologists in the 1950s.

Civil religion means the implicit religious values of a nation, as expressed through public rituals, symbols (such as the national flag) and ceremonies on sacred days and at sacred places (such as monuments, battlefields or national cemeteries). It stands outside the churches, although church officials and ceremonies are sometimes incorporated into the practice of civil religion.

The phrase "civil religion" as discussed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his 1762 treatise intimated that The Social Contract[6] was defined as a group of universal religious beliefs. Rousseau seemed to switch from protestant to Catholic and back again depending on which women he was in love with at the time. He believed governments had a responsibility to uphold and maintain the right of the individual belief in a deity, that virtue is rewarded and vice punished and belief in religious tolerance. Rousseau affirmed that individuals' religious opinions should be beyond the reach of governments.

He should have known that the Bible did not promote participation in public religion where men who exercise authority enforcing the contributions of the people through that authority in order to provide the wages of unrighteousness at your neighbor's expense.[1]

private vs public religion

What was the meaning of the word religion now and in the past?

What would be the difference between private religion and public religion?

"Public" may be defined as "of or concerning the people as a whole" but it really means "of or concerning the people as a group" like a nation under a government or an authority.

Religion was originally not exclusively about theology or even "Natural Theology".

The meaning of the word Religion has changed over the centuries. Theology is a study while religion was originally a performance of a duty.

The Bible mentions religion more often in a bad sense and only speaks of it in a good sense when it mentions Pure Religion. Since the term "religion" has shifted from meaning a performance of a duty to an opinion about God it is not only good to couple a modifier word to determine what kind of religion you are talking about but it is often essential to maintaining an understanding the topic like public religion.

To put civil religion in historical perspective with the gospel and the Christian conflict with Rome we may need to understand that both Caesar and Jesus were given the official title of Son of God. The religions of Rome and their temples and many city-states provided social safety net for the people of society in

Civil religion may begin with the hero cults[7] of philosophers like Epicurus but end with tyrants like Augustus Caesar, Nero, and Marcus Aurelius or farther back to Cain, Nimrod and the wicked Pharaoh whose heart was hardened.

"Romans... distinguished between public and private religion. When the distinction between public and private religion is applied to the Roman emperors, it becomes clear that many of them pursued personal religious interests in addition to their public religious role." [8]

The Latin term religare meaning “to tie, to bind.” Since the performance of religious duties bound the people of society together through a process of service and kindness producing a spirit of brotherhood and community the practices of public religion often had to do with securing loyalty and even allegiance to those who sat in the place of authority over the public religion.

Religion as a duty

The Wantonness of Welfare through Legal charity of the State is the covetous practice of desiring benefits at your neighbors' expense through men who exercise authority. This was called the wages of unrighteousness in the Bible. If religion was how you took care of the needy of society which it was then welfare through the state is public religion.
Jesus came to set the captive free from public religion which has always been a snare and trap from which redemption is only by the practice of pure Religion.

Understanding that Religion practiced as a duty to provide welfare for your fellow man divides Public religion and private religion into welfare by the exercise of authority by the state and the charitable practices of the people through voluntarism.

Rousseau suggests that Christianity is other-worldly, and therefore takes away from citizens' love for life on earth as exemplified by the state. But that was a conclusion drawn from his observation of a neglectful Church already in apostasy. Rousseau explains, "Christianity is a wholly spiritual religion, concerned solely with the things of heaven; the Christian's homeland is not of this world." But the kingdom of God was on this planet, taken from the Pharisees, and appointed to the little flock who were the apostles. That little flock was the called out Church directed to be another form of government that did not exercise authority one over the other like the governments of the world. The kingdom and the called out ministers were simply not of the "world" of Rome and Pontius Pilate but of the world of the early Church instituted by Jesus who was the Christ.

Bellah, Smith, and many others today forget that the early Church provided a daily ministration to the people which was not "wholly spiritual religion, concerned solely with the things of heaven" and brought them into conflict with Rome and its system of free bread for which they were persecuted.

Cults, culture and covetousness

Public religion can refer to both a civic faith within a government control and to public expressions of that faith in cultures. Public religion, if we use the definition of Religion meaning how we care for the needy of society, is the same as public welfare. The early Christian Church was often persecuted because at that time Pure Religion was actually private religion or Private welfare. In fact the outlawing of Private welfare by Rome was at the center of the Christian conflict with the Benefactors of Rome. Christians were in the World of Rome but not of the World of Rome.

They did not apply for the Free Bread of Rome nor were they members of the Imperial Cult of Rome because they knew that was a Covetous practice that would make them Merchandise, a surety for the debt of the welfare State of Rome and would curse their children with that debt.

The free "Bread and circuses" or panem et circenses of the Roman Empire was a part of the Public religion of the state which conflicted with the teachings of Christ.
“Socialism is the religion people get when they lose their religion”[9]

To define Public religion it is important to define the term Religion because it changes from time to time in the history and mind of society. Religion may be defined as what you think about a God or gods but at other times religion is defined as your duty to your God and your fellowman. When personal conscience is dictating that duty we call that private religion but when the government dictates that duty we are talking about Public religion.

Where there is religious freedom the practice of religion and the performance of those duties to both God and your fellowman remain available as a private affair rather than a public affair and therefore would not subject to public policy unless private religious practice obstructs the free practice of religion by others.

Polybius saw the downfall of the republic a 150 years before the first Emperor of Rome and 175 years before the birth of Jesus Christ and John the Baptist warning the people their "appetite for benefits and the habit of receiving them by way of a rule of force and violence" have "grown accustomed to feed at the expense of others and to depend for their livelihood on the property of others... institute the rule of violence...[10] and now uniting their forces massacre, banish, and plunder,[11] until they degenerate again into perfect savages and find once more a master and monarch." [12]

Public affairs may include more than the original duties of government which are often limited to constitutions of the people who create them. The Constitution of United States limited the power of government from meddling in the free practice of religion as defined at the time of that Constitution's acceptance and implementation.

Public affairs may also include social benefits and the collection of the funds to provide those benefits. Rome moved from private religion funded by the charity which took care of the needy to Public religion funded by taxes. The Romans used the same names and temples but altered the method of contribution and distribution. That meant records of members and who has paid in and what is paid out.

Members received entitlements in the form of "gifts, gratuities and benefits"[13] but also had a civic obligation of support the system imposed by law. Under the Public religion of Rome Augustus became the pontifex maximus (chief priest). From that point on the Emperor of Rome provided the social welfare run through the state system of temples in a form of Public religion, The Imperial Cult of ancient Rome.

This practice increased the power of the state and the dependence of the people. Social welfare was managed through their temples like Ephesus, Temple of Saturn and the Parthenon. Saturn was the god of agriculture which housed the records needed by the government and beneficiaries of its systems of welfare including birth certificate.

The modern Tabularium, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)at the Capitol in Washington, D.C. entry is by way of Constitution Ave.

The first building for maintaining public records in Rome, including the law, was erected under the protection of the temple of Saturn, as early as 509 B.C. but was possibly burned by the Gauls in 309 B.C. Other buildings were used until 78 B.C. when they built the great Tabularium, on Capitoline Hill, below the Temple of Jupiter, which was the symbol of the sovereignty and power of Rome.

Civic faith includes an aspect of civic allegiance and depends upon Civil law to impose both. It includes both a civic duty and benefit. Private religion

The 2nd century A.D. text 'De Significatione Verborum' of Sextus Pompeius Festusgives distinguishes public and private religion. The former is carried out at public expense either on behalf of the populus as a whole or individual members of the populus who met certain criteria. Private individuals could contribute to the temples and festivals which at one time depended entirely upon donation by the people for the people.

The latter called private religion was almost always on the behalf of individuals, familiae and gentes. These Family groups gathered in a network of hearths in early Rome and were served by chosen individuals who connected these groups from a grass roots union of voluntary loyalty and honor in charity to their fellow man.

Later this practice of private religion through free will sharing according to what the individual believed that the gods or God wanted them to do began to become more controlled. First certain groups like collegiate, guilds and sodalities provided for their own but then temples became more enterprising and collective. Eventually with the centralization of power in government, first in the Senate and then in an Emperor and Principas Civitas, private religion became less essential in forming the bonds of society and Public religion through the civil authorities and registration of citizens began to dominate public services altering the very nature of society.

Civic faith more recently was expressed by men like Benjamin Franklin who in 1749 proposed an educational academy in Philadelphia. He believed that the study of history would "afford frequent Opportunities of showing the Necessity of a Publick Religion ," arguing "from its Usefulness to the Publick; the Advantages of a Religious Character among private Persons." But undoubtedly Ben was including the moral character required in the performance of religion and that it should be incorporated in public affairs.

Religion was at that time chiefly the performance of your duty to God and your fellowman and not merely your opinion of who God is.

In Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, he praised “the union and discipline of the Christian republic.” He also pointed out that “it gradually formed an independent and increasing state in the heart of the Roman Empire.” Rousseau and Revolution, Will et Ariel Durant p.801. fn 83 Heiseler, 85.

The bloody conflict between the religions (in the sense of an opinion about God) of the fifteenth through the seventeenth century focused the attention and imagination of men on the ideology of religion and opinions about God leaving off the weightier matters of the performance of your duty to your fellowman with righteous intent. The idea of a theocracy still strikes fear in the hearts of men.

These conflicts were the result of the people giving to much power and wealth to their clerics and the encroachment of superstitions rather than a righteous duty as the primary focus of religion.

Émile Durkheim[14], a collaborator with Karl Marx and Max Weber, redefined religion again:

"A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, i.e., things set apart and forbidden--beliefs and practices which unite in one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them." [15]

His ideas struck many as representing a kind of "top-down" governmental development and control of religion and making the State the god of religion as we see him avoiding the supernatural or even God altogether in his definition.

Of course Émile, as a sociologist, was in his head a lot about things like religion imagining that they were what you think rather than your performance of a duty. He was not only a French sociologist, social psychologist and philosopher but is considered to be the architect of modern social science and father of sociology and friendly with the ideologies of Karl Marx and Max Weber.

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Private Sector vs. Public Sector. Time 2:10

One of the biggest problems with public religion is because it is also a snare that entangles people in the elements of the world.

While there is always an element of what you think in religion being a doer of the word is clearly the emphasis of Christ and his followers until this modern era. This is not to say that doing was the matter of a tally sheet of good deeds that earned you the blessings of God but that your private faith compelled your actions to seek righteous deeds at every turn and opportunity.

John the Baptist and Jesus and the early Church advocated a Daily ministration that was dependent on Charity only and it was not like the system of Corban of the Pharisees and Rome. There are different Welfare types in the world. One is socialist with covetous practices, "public" and the other, "private" based on the Perfect law of liberty.

The early Christian ekklesia or called out Church was a republic that was recognized by Rome through the proclamation nailed to the cross by order of the Proconsul of Rome, Pontius Pilate. When Jesus rose from the dead to stand again upon the earth, so did His Kingdom. His kingdom now lives in the hearts of those who follow His way.

Men like John Wilson of Princeton see "public religion" as an alternate form to the weaker "civil religion" but were both top down. Benjamin Franklin's view of public religion was "from-the-bottom-up" having been heavily influenced by the rugged individualism of the frontier and the natural distaste for exercising authority that comes with a practice of personal responsibility which we see with men like David Crocket and Mr. Bunce.

Benjamin Franklin and many other founders who were not always moral in their own lives were simply advocating a need for private morality and virtue knowing full well that without them the U.S. Constitution would be ineffective for republican life it was to protect. They knew that despite the denominational and sectarian form their religious philosophies and eschatology took that there was common good and moral character to their teachings. But more important was their endeavor to aid one another in charitable service performed religion by voluntary acts of citizens rather than the top down authority of civil controls seen in the public religion or welfare of Rome which led to its decline and fall.

Eventually the New Deal of FDR like the old deal of Nimrod would usher in the Welfare State and a permanent dependence upon Public religion. Under LBJ Great Society and the zeal of Cloward and Piven types of this brave new world the degeneration of the people were assured along with the rise of despots.

"This essay conceptualizes the War on Poverty as a period during which public religious capacities were incorporated into the institutional apparatus of the national welfare state. Such incorporation largely served the political needs of the welfare state itself, as it needed not only to execute but also to justify social policy to a variety of publics, including black political movements. Welfare state expansion during this period occasioned the setting of a practical boundary between public and private religion."[16]
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Why Private Investment Works & Govt. Investment Doesn't. From transportation to energy, and everything in between, should the government invest money in as many promising projects as possible? Or would that actually doom many of those ventures to failure? Time 5:53


Private religion

  • First, has the aspect of the performance of duty to man according to a righteous spirit of the divine dwelling of God within the individual and only relies of government to assist in protecting that right from intrusion, and
  • Secondly, refers to expressions of religious faith by that behavior generated by private individuals through free assemblies within communities.

There is almost always a voluntary sector having direct bearings on public order, union and discipline.

The Church, as one form of government, provides public service as Benefactors of public religion without exercising authority over the people while both political and civil practices of religion involve compelled offerings directed by the states and extracted from the people from the top down.

As such, the terms Public or Civil religion serves to refer to one side while Private religion through the Church or other charitable institutions form the familiar private-public dichotomy.

Public religion centralizes power in the hands of the state an debilitates the fibrous nature of a virtuous society. Welfare should be privatized in order to take care of the needy in a way that will strengthen society and make the best use of its resources. That is what Constantine was doing when he turned the temples of Rome over to private management like the Christians. But he failed to implement all the moral codes that comes along with Christ and the prophets.

See Christians_conflict#Public_and_Private_Religion

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Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Not exercise authority
    Matthew 20:25 "But Jesus called them unto him, and said, Ye know that the princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them, and they that are great exercise authority upon them. But it shall not be so among you:..."
    Mark 10:42 "But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that they which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them. But so shall it not be among you:..."
    Luke 22:25 "And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and they that exercise authority upon them are called benefactors. But ye [shall] not [be] so:..."
  2. ↑ 2 Peter 2:1 "But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. 2 And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spoken of.3 And through covetousness shall they with feigned words make merchandise of you: whose judgment now of a long time lingereth not, and their damnation slumbereth not."
  3. ↑ Robert Neelly Bellah was an American sociologist, and the Elliott Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his work related to the sociology of religion. His magnum opus is, Religion in Human Evolution.
  4. ↑ Civil Religion in America GARY SCOTT SMITH
  5. ↑ American civil religion. ... American civil religion is a sociological theory that a nonsectarian quasi-religious faith exists within the United States with sacred symbols drawn from national history. Scholars have portrayed it as a cohesive force, a common set of values that foster social and cultural integration.
  6. ↑ Social Contract, chapter 8, book 4
  7. ↑ A hero was more than human but less than a god and was assumed to have the power to support and protect the living. This idea created a cult like following around a hero, live or dead.
  8. ↑ [http://gradworks.umi.com/33/12/3312490.html Circa deos ac religiones: Religion and the Roman emperor from Augustus to Constantine by Polk, Matthew Robert, Ph.D., HARVARD UNIVERSITY, 2008, 412 pages; 3312490]
  9. ↑ Richard John Neuhaus, 1936 – 2009, prominent American clergyman.
  10. ↑ Matthew 11:12 And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force.
  11. ↑ Luke 16:16 The law and the prophets [were] until John: since that time the kingdom of God is preached, and every man presseth into it.
  12. ↑ Polybius: The Histories (composed at Rome around 130 BC) Fragments of Book VI, p289.
  13. ↑ “The real destroyers of the liberties of the people is he who spreads among them bounties, donations, and benefits.” Plutarch
  14. ↑ Commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science and father of sociology
  15. ↑ The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, Book 1, Ch. 1. Émile Durkheim
  16. ↑ Rise of the Public Religious Welfare State: Black Religion and the Negotiation of Church/State Boundaries during the War on Poverty Omar M. McRoberts
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